{"title":"Plant Cell Polarity: Creating Diversity from Inside the Box.","authors":"A. Muroyama, D. Bergmann","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125211","url":null,"abstract":"Cell polarity in plants operates across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales to control processes from acute cell growth to systemic hormone distribution. Similar to other eukaryotes, plants generate polarity at both the subcellular and tissue levels, often through polarization of membrane-associated protein complexes. However, likely due to the constraints imposed by the cell wall and their extremely plastic development, plants possess novel polarity molecules and mechanisms highly tuned to environmental inputs. Considerable progress has been made in identifying key plant polarity regulators, but detailed molecular understanding of polarity mechanisms remains incomplete in plants. Here, we emphasize the striking similarities in the conceptual frameworks that generate polarity in both animals and plants. To this end, we highlight how novel, plant-specific proteins engage in common themes of positive feedback, dynamic intracellular trafficking, and posttranslational regulation to establish polarity axes in development. We end with a discussion of how environmental signals control intrinsic polarity to impact postembryonic organogenesis and growth.","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"35 1","pages":"309-336"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46302214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant Noncoding RNAs: Hidden Players in Development and Stress Responses.","authors":"Yu Yu, Yuchan Zhang, Xuemei Chen, Yue‐Qin Chen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125218","url":null,"abstract":"A large and significant portion of eukaryotic transcriptomes consists of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have minimal or no protein-coding capacity but are functional. Diverse ncRNAs, including both small RNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), play essential regulatory roles in almost all biological processes by modulating gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of plant small RNAs and lncRNAs, with a focus on their biogenesis, modes of action, local and systemic movement, and functions at the nexus of plant development and environmental responses. The complex connections among small RNAs, lncRNAs, and small peptides in plants are also discussed, along with the challenges of identifying and investigating new classes of ncRNAs. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 35 is October 7, 2019. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43657763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autophagy in Neurons.","authors":"Andrea K H Stavoe, Erika L F Holzbaur","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125242","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autophagy is the major cellular pathway to degrade dysfunctional organelles and protein aggregates. Autophagy is particularly important in neurons, which are terminally differentiated cells that must last the lifetime of the organism. There are both constitutive and stress-induced pathways for autophagy in neurons, which catalyze the turnover of aged or damaged mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, other cellular organelles, and aggregated proteins. These pathways are required in neurodevelopment as well as in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis. Here we review the core components of the pathway for autophagosome biogenesis, as well as the cell biology of bulk and selective autophagy in neurons. Finally, we discuss the role of autophagy in neuronal development, homeostasis, and aging and the links between deficits in autophagy and neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"477-500"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41993410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cellular Logistics: Unraveling the Interplay Between Microtubule Organization and Intracellular Transport.","authors":"M. Burute, L. Kapitein","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125149","url":null,"abstract":"Microtubules are core components of the cytoskeleton and serve as tracks for motor protein-based intracellular transport. Microtubule networks are highly diverse across different cell types and are believed to adapt to cell type-specific transport demands. Here we review how the spatial organization of different subsets of microtubules into higher-order networks determines the traffic rules for motor-based transport in different animal cell types. We describe the interplay between microtubule network organization and motor-based transport within epithelial cells, oocytes, neurons, cilia, and the spindle apparatus. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 35 is October 7, 2019. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44124989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multitasking: Dual Leucine Zipper-Bearing Kinases in Neuronal Development and Stress Management.","authors":"Yishi Jin, B. Zheng","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062644","url":null,"abstract":"The dual leucine zipper-bearing kinase (DLK) and leucine zipper-bearing kinase (LZK) are evolutionarily conserved MAPKKKs of the mixed-lineage kinase family. Acting upstream of stress-responsive JNK and p38 MAP kinases, DLK and LZK have emerged as central players in neuronal responses to a variety of acute and traumatic injuries. Recent studies also implicate their function in astrocytes, microglia, and other nonneuronal cells, reflecting their expanding roles in the multicellular response to injury and in disease. Of particular note is the potential link of these kinases to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. It is thus critical to understand the physiological contexts under which these kinases are activated, as well as the signal transduction mechanisms that mediate specific functional outcomes. In this review we first provide a historical overview of the biochemical and functional dissection of these kinases. We then discuss recent findings on regulating their activity to enhance cellular protection following injury and in disease, focusing on but not limited to the nervous system.","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"35 1","pages":"501-521"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43389512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prachi Bagadia, Xiao Huang, Tian-Tian Liu, Kenneth M Murphy
{"title":"Shared Transcriptional Control of Innate Lymphoid Cell and Dendritic Cell Development.","authors":"Prachi Bagadia, Xiao Huang, Tian-Tian Liu, Kenneth M Murphy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125403","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Innate immunity and adaptive immunity consist of highly specialized immune lineages that depend on transcription factors for both function and development. In this review, we dissect the similarities between two innate lineages, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and dendritic cells (DCs), and an adaptive immune lineage, T cells. ILCs, DCs, and T cells make up four functional immune modules and interact in concert to produce a specified immune response. These three immune lineages also share transcriptional networks governing the development of each lineage, and we discuss the similarities between ILCs and DCs in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"35 ","pages":"381-406"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2019-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6886469/pdf/nihms-1058896.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9695084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Not Just Going with the Flow: The Effects of Fluid Flow on Bacteria and Plankton.","authors":"J. Wheeler, E. Secchi, R. Rusconi, R. Stocker","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125119","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms often live in habitats characterized by fluid flow, from lakes and oceans to soil and the human body. Bacteria and plankton experience a broad range of flows, from the chaotic motion characteristic of turbulence to smooth flows at boundaries and in confined environments. Flow creates forces and torques that affect the movement, behavior, and spatial distribution of microorganisms and shapes the chemical landscape on which they rely for nutrient acquisition and communication. Methodological advances and closer interactions between physicists and biologists have begun to reveal the importance of flow-microorganism interactions and the adaptations of microorganisms to flow. Here we review selected examples of such interactions from bacteria, phytoplankton, larvae, and zooplankton. We hope that this article will serve as a blueprint for a more in-depth consideration of the effects of flow in the biology of microorganisms and that this discussion will stimulate further multidisciplinary effort in understanding this important component of microorganism habitats. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 35 is October 7, 2019. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48897345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cell Motility and Cytokinesis: From Mysteries to Molecular Mechanisms in Five Decades.","authors":"T. Pollard","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125427","url":null,"abstract":"This is the story of someone who has been fortunate to work in a field of research where essentially nothing was known at the outset but blossomed with the discovery of profound insights about two basic biological processes: cell motility and cytokinesis. The field started with no molecules, just a few people, and primitive methods. Over time, technological advances in biophysics, biochemistry, and microscopy allowed the combined efforts of scientists in hundreds of laboratories to explain mysterious processes with molecular mechanisms that can be embodied in mathematical equations and simulated by computers. The success of this field is a tribute to the power of the reductionist strategy for understanding biology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 35 is October 7, 2019. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45521011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structures, Functions, and Dynamics of ESCRT-III/Vps4 Membrane Remodeling and Fission Complexes.","authors":"John McCullough, Adam Frost, Wesley I Sundquist","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060600","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway mediates cellular membrane remodeling and fission reactions. The pathway comprises five core complexes: ALIX, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, ESCRT-III, and Vps4. These soluble complexes are typically recruited to target membranes by site-specific adaptors that bind one or both of the early-acting ESCRT factors: ALIX and ESCRT-I/ESCRT-II. These factors, in turn, nucleate assembly of ESCRT-III subunits into membrane-bound filaments that recruit the AAA ATPase Vps4. Together, ESCRT-III filaments and Vps4 remodel and sever membranes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the structures, activities, and mechanisms of the ESCRT-III and Vps4 machinery, including the first high-resolution structures of ESCRT-III filaments, the assembled Vps4 enzyme in complex with an ESCRT-III substrate, the discovery that ESCRT-III/Vps4 complexes can promote both inside-out and outside-in membrane fission reactions, and emerging mechanistic models for ESCRT-mediated membrane fission.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"34 ","pages":"85-109"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2018-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36386697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assembly and Positioning of the Oocyte Meiotic Spindle.","authors":"Binyam Mogessie, Kathleen Scheffler, Melina Schuh","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060553","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fertilizable eggs develop from diploid precursor cells termed oocytes. Once every menstrual cycle, an oocyte matures into a fertilizable egg in the ovary. To this end, the oocyte eliminates half of its chromosomes into a small cell termed a polar body. The egg is then released into the Fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized. Upon fertilization, the egg completes the second meiotic division, and the mitotic division of the embryo starts. This review highlights recent work that has shed light on the cytoskeletal structures that drive the meiotic divisions of the oocyte in mammals. In particular, we focus on how mammalian oocytes assemble a microtubule spindle in the absence of centrosomes, how they position the spindle in preparation for polar body extrusion, and how the spindle segregates the chromosomes. We primarily focus on mouse oocytes as a model system but also highlight recent insights from human oocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"34 ","pages":"381-403"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2018-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36329813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}