Annals of General Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The effect of metacognitive therapy on depressive symptoms from a transdiagnostic perspective: a systematic review, meta-regression and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zahra Torabi, Masoud Nikfarjam, Ahmad Karami Dorcheh","doi":"10.1186/s12991-026-00658-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-026-00658-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a modern therapeutic approach gaining wider use for psychological problems. This review evaluates the efficacy of MCT on depressive symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This review followed Cochrane and PRISMA-2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search revealed 51 studies on the efficacy of MCT, of which 33 were trials. A random-effects model was used to assess treatment efficacy. We calculated effect sizes using (Hedge's g) SMD for the percentage change index. (PROSPERO registration (CRD420251024202)).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within-group aggregate effect sizes for the depression outcome measure, mean change for studies was Hedge's g = (-2.29), 95% CI (-2.75 | -1.83), (P < 0.001). Between-group analyses combined effect size for depression outcome, the mean change of aggregate effect size for the studies comparing MCT to the control group was Hedge's g =(-1.28), 95% CI (-1.71 | -0.86). Both effect sizes were highly significant (Ps < 0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate that metacognitive therapy appears to be an efficacious intervention for depressive disorders and is superior to waitlist control conditions. However, interpretation is limited by small sample sizes and the lack of active comparison groups. Future investigations should employ larger samples and include head-to-head comparisons with other evidence-based psychotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13383551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review exploring the quality of life of patients undergoing mental disorders treatment in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abdullah U Althemery","doi":"10.1186/s12991-026-00665-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-026-00665-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to the World Health Organization, approximately one in eight people is diagnosed with mental disorders globally. Patient-reported outcomes and quality of life assessments are essential tools for evaluating patient outcomes. This study aimed to identify, characterize, and summarize the literature focusing on quality of life or patient-reported outcomes among patients with mental disorders in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia undergoing pharmacological treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 item checklist applicable for Systematic reviews. Searches were run in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE via Ovid, MEDLINE via EBSCO, and ProQuest. Databases were searched from January 1, 2000, to July 31, 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten articles that explored the quality of life of patients undergoing mental disorders treatment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 2000 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 3,773 patients included, and fifteen different quality of life questionnaires and patient-reported outcome measures were used. One-third of the reviewed articles used the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) and consistently reported low to moderate levels of adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the need for further research in the mental health field, with a focus on enhancing patients' quality of life and reporting outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13383563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of suicidal ideation disclosure among acute psychiatric inpatients.","authors":"Erica R Garagiola, Yukti Bhatt, Hannah Lawrence, Victoria Witerska, Talia Rosen, Igor Galynker, Sara Bloch-Elkouby","doi":"10.1186/s12991-026-00669-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-026-00669-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior literature has explored disclosure of suicidality to formal and informal sources, identifying reasons for nondisclosure (e.g., fear of rejection, shame, and hospitalization); however, existing research is limited to retrospective data, often collected months or years after suicide attempts have occurred. The present study seeks to address this gap by identifying patterns of nondisclosure among recent suicide attempters within a one-week period following the attempt, shortening the temporal distance from event to recall. Adult psychiatric inpatients (N = 39, 38.5% female, 61.5% White) who had attempted suicide within the past seven days were recruited from a large urban hospital system in New York. At intake, patients completed a self-report questionnaire, which included two questions on suicidal ideation (SI) disclosure. Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) methodology was used to extract and categorize reasons for nondisclosure. Nearly half of the patients (46.2%) reported not disclosing their suicidal intentions prior to their suicide attempt. Four key themes emerged as reasons for nondisclosure: fear of stigma (27.8%), fear of consequences such as involuntary hospitalization (22.3%), social isolation and lack of confidants (22.3%), and impulsivity (16.7%). Future research should examine targeted interventions to improve disclosure and explore how different disclosure patterns influence treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13374259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking and depressive symptoms: the mediating role of systemic inflammation in a US nationally representative sample.","authors":"Xuyu Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12991-026-00675-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-026-00675-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking and depressive symptoms are strongly associated, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Systemic inflammation has been proposed as a potential mediator linking smoking behavior to depressive symptoms. However, few studies have simultaneously examined multiple inflammatory biomarkers in large, nationally representative samples.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether systemic inflammation, measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mediates the association between current smoking and depressive symptoms in a US nationally representative sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>I analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018, including 28,456 adults aged 20 years and older. Smoking status was categorized as current, former, or never smoker. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Serum CRP levels and NLR were used as inflammatory biomarkers. Mediation analysis was performed using the Baron and Kenny approach with bootstrap methods to estimate indirect effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current smokers had significantly higher prevalence of depressive symptoms. compared to never smokers (12.8% vs. 7.2%, p < 0.001). Both CRP levels and NLR were significantly elevated in current smokers compared to never smokers (CRP: 3.2 ± 0.1 vs. 2.1 ± 0.1 mg/L; NLR: 2.4 ± 0.1 vs. 2.0 ± 0.1, both p < 0.001). In mediation analysis, CRP mediated 15.3% (95% CI: 12.1-18.7%) and NLR mediated 8.7% (95% CI: 6.2-11.4%) of the association between current smoking and depressive symptoms. The combined mediation effect of both inflammatory markers was 21.2% (95% CI: 17.8-24.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Systemic inflammation, as measured by CRP and NLR, partially mediates the association between smoking and depressive symptoms in US adults. These findings support the inflammatory hypothesis of depression and suggest that anti-inflammatory interventions may be beneficial for smokers with depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147969732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swedish preschool teacher's preferences and experiences of an applied learning intervention to support children with ESSENCE symptoms.","authors":"B M Gustafsson, M Sund Levander","doi":"10.1186/s12991-026-00666-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-026-00666-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose was to study preschool teachers' preferences and experiences of an applied learning intervention to support children with ESSENCE symptoms. Preschool teachers (n = 164) filled out a questionnaire about their experiences, and 20 participated in individual interviews about preferences and experiences of the intervention. We used descriptive statistics for the questionnaire and inductive qualitative content analysis to analyze the interviews and free text answers in the questionnaire. The results showed that 74% experienced that they increased their understanding of the child's difficulties, while 48% gained ideas that could be helpful in managing children. Specifically, the respondents emphasized the value of talking and reflecting together with guardians about a specific child. To share experiences from different contexts provided an understanding of the challenges the child, and the adults around them, faced in daily life. It also provided insight into the child's opportunities, abilities and resources. The qualitative latent analyses revealed that the preschool teachers' expectations corresponded well to their experiences after completing the training. The main categories Collaboration between guardians and preschool teachers and Professional knowledge about children with special needs describes their needs for supporting children with neurodevelopmental symptoms. Together they form the theme of a child-centered approach. In conclusion, the present findings add insights about collaborative learning, application of professional knowledge, and guardians and preschool teachers sharing experiences and reflecting together to support the child. In this way, the study contributes to the improvement and application of Child and Family Centered Care in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13185201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147962026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between social isolation, loneliness and the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.","authors":"Ming Yao, Xingyuan Zhang, Fang Lei, Tiange Yan, Beining Jin, Jian Wang, Dongsheng Xv","doi":"10.1186/s12991-026-00649-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-026-00649-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social isolation and loneliness represent significant public health issues in society. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) severely impacts quality of life and requires early prevention. However, the relationship between social isolation, loneliness, and IBS remains uncertain. We aim to investigate the association between social isolation, loneliness, and the incidence of IBS in a large-scale population cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study involved 369,653 participants without IBS from the UK Biobank. The genetic risk of IBS was evaluated using polygenic risk scores. The Cox proportional hazards model was employed to analyze the relationship between social isolation, loneliness, and the risk of IBS incidence. We examined whether depression and anxiety mediate the association between social isolation, loneliness, and IBS risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 369,653 participants (mean age: 56.7 ± 8.1 years; 47.7% male), 7,663 individuals were diagnosed with IBS during a median 13.6 years of follow-up. After comprehensive adjustment for socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, health status, and genetic susceptibility, the HR for IBS incidence was 1.156 (1.073, 1.245) among socially isolated participants compared to non-socially isolated participants. The HR for IBS incidence was 1.361 (1.244, 1.490) among lonely participants compared to non-lonely participants. Subgroup analysis showed that, compared to participants without social isolation, the risk of developing IBS in participants without diabetes and those with diabetes under social isolation was 1.133 times (95% CI: 1.050-1.223) and 1.655 times (95% CI: 1.214-2.257) higher, respectively, with the risk being greater in the diabetic group (P for interaction = 0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Social isolation and loneliness were associated with an increased risk of developing IBS, although loneliness may have a more significant effect on risk. Participants with diabetes have a higher risk of developing IBS under conditions of social isolation. Depression and anxiety mediated the association between social isolation, loneliness, and the risk of developing IBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13348155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147959648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of climate change on mental health and its underlying mechanisms: an umberella review.","authors":"Arezoo Davariniamotlaghquchan, Zeinab Niazmand, Mohsen Shafiee, Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh","doi":"10.1186/s12991-026-00668-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-026-00668-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate change represents a major global health challenge with potential implications for mental health. Exposure to climate-related stressors is associated with an elevated risk of psychiatric disorders, including trauma- and stressor-related disorders (e.g., PTSD), depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders. Vulnerable populations-including children, women, older adults, individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions, and communities in low-income or disaster-prone regions-may be disproportionately affected. This umbrella review synthesizes current evidence on the mental health impacts of climate change, focusing on clinically relevant outcomes and underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for systematic reviews published between January 2014 and October 2024. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist, which evaluates methodological rigor, clarity of research questions, and appropriateness of data synthesis. Only English-language systematic reviews scoring ≥ 5/11 on the JBI checklist-reflecting moderate to high methodological quality-were included. Non-systematic reviews and studies without accessible full texts were excluded. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251133963).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Climate change may affect mental health through both direct and indirect pathways. Direct impacts include elevated risk or worsening of PTSD, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and suicidal behaviors, which may be precipitated or exacerbated by climate-related stressors. Indirect effects operate via socioeconomic disruptions, such as food insecurity, forced migration, poverty, and weakened social networks. Psychological responses described as eco-anxiety and solastalgia further illustrate the range of mental health outcomes associated with environmental changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Climate change is associated with clinically relevant psychiatric outcomes across established diagnostic categories. The mechanisms underlying these associations involve complex neurobiological, socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural pathways. These findings underscore the importance of targeted psychiatric interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma focused therapies, resilience-building, strengthening social support, promoting adaptive coping strategies, and enhancing preparedness of mental health services. Prioritizing vulnerable populations for psychiatric assessment, prevention, and intervention is essential. Integrating these strategies into clinical practice and public health planning is critical to support evidence-based mental health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13340356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased serum IGFBP-7 level is associated with cognitive impairment in first-episode drug-naïve adolescent-onset schizophrenia.","authors":"Haidong Yang, Jie Hou, Lingshu Luan, Yubing Han, Man Yang, Qing Tian, Xiaobin Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12991-026-00672-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-026-00672-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) is characterized by severe cognitive impairment. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7), a biomarker of vascular aging and neuroinflammation, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), involved in neurodevelopment, have been linked to cognitive decline, but their roles in AOS remain unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study enrolled 91 first-episode drug-naïve AOS patients and 40 healthy controls. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and its five-factor model, and cognitive function was evaluated using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AOS patients exhibited significantly lower serum IGFBP-7 levels compared to healthy controls (10.15 ± 3.62 vs. 11.75 ± 3.41 ng/mL, t = -2.377, P = 0.019), while HGF levels showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). IGFBP-7 levels were negatively correlated with PANSS cognitive factor scores (r = -0.308, P = 0.003) and positively correlated with RBANS total scores (r = 0.353, P = 0.001). IGFBP-7 was independently associated with RBANS total score (β = 0.284, P = 0.002) after controlling for confounding factors. Sex (β = 0.467, t = 5.325, P < 0.001) was identified as a confounder but did not moderate the IGFBP-7-cognition relationship (P > 0.05). Modified Poisson regression revealed that low IGFBP-7 levels independently predicted AOS risk (RR = 1.298, 95% CI: 1.037-1.624, P = 0.023), with attributable fractions of 23.0% in exposed individuals and 12.7% in the overall population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Decreased serum IGFBP-7 levels are associated with cognitive impairment in AOS and represent a significant risk factor, suggesting IGFBP-7 as a potential biomarker for cognitive dysfunction in AOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13335348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal ideation in family caregivers of patients with dementia, cancer, stroke, and ischemic heart disease.","authors":"Sujung Oh, Jin Lee, Hee Jin Kim, Danbee Kang, Juhee Cho","doi":"10.1186/s12991-026-00670-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-026-00670-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicidal ideation among caregivers has drawn increasing attention. However, most prior studies have examined single diseases and provide limited comparative evidence. Furthermore, evidence focusing on family caregivers of community-dwelling adults with chronic diseases remains limited. Using nationally representative data of community-dwelling adults, we assessed the association between caregiving and suicidal ideation across four high-burden conditions: dementia, cancer, stroke, and ischemic heart disease (IHD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using 2007-2021 data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Patients with the four target diseases were identified and linked to family members through a household identification number. The final sample included 7,025 caregivers and 66,872 non-caregivers. Suicidal ideation was assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suicidal ideation was reported by 6.1% of non-caregivers and 6.9% of caregivers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.18;95%CI = 1.05-1.32). Compared to non-caregivers, the risk of suicidal ideation was highest among caregivers of patients with IHD (aOR = 1.46;95%CI = 1.18-1.80) and patients or sibling caregivers (aOR = 2.21;95%CI = 1.34-3.62), caring for female patients (aOR = 1.18;95%CI = 1.03-1.36) and these caring for younger patients (< 60 years). In subgroup analysis, the association was notably stronger among older and female caregivers than male caregivers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mental health support should be tailored to disease and caregiving role. Interventions are especially needed for parents and spouses under high psychological burden. Policies must prioritize screening and access to mental health care for vulnerable caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147866220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivational deficits and anhedonia in schizophrenia: insights from behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition systems.","authors":"Özge Akgül, Emine Ilgın Hosgelen, Taha Selim Bilgin, Berna Binnur Akdede, Köksal Alptekin","doi":"10.1186/s12991-026-00667-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-026-00667-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by significant motivational deficits, including anhedonia, that impair daily functioning. Approach and avoidance behaviors are regulated by two basic motivation systems: the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and the Behavioral Activation System (BAS). Based on Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, this study examined the relationships among BIS/BAS activity, depressive symptoms, and anhedonia in individuals with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-one patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and 62 healthy participants participated in the study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Calgary Depression Scale, BIS/BAS Scale, and physical, social, and chemosensory anhedonia scales were administered to the participants. This cross-sectional, between-groups study compared SZ and healthy controls to examine the associations among BIS/BAS activity, depressive symptoms, and anhedonia. T-test, Logistic regression, and regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression analyses determined that BAS activity and anhedonia significantly predicted being in the patient group. It revealed motivational deficits in schizophrenia compared to healthy subjects. Patients with schizophrenia showed reduced BAS activity associated with impaired reward sensitivity and goal-directed behavior. However, no differences in BIS activity were found. While BAS activity and depressive symptoms were found to be predictors of all subscales of anhedonia in healthy controls, they were only found to be predictive of physical anhedonia in schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that anhedonia in SZ results from deficits in anticipatory pleasure and reward processing, independent of mood-related mechanisms. It suggests that different mechanisms may underlie anhedonia. Future studies should investigate BAS dysregulation in SZ, including cognitive-behavioral therapies and pharmacological strategies that target dopaminergic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13330447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147866436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}