Annals of General Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Preconception paternal mental health history as predictor of antenatal depression in pregnant women.","authors":"Laura Orsolini, Imran Gokcen Yılmaz-Karaman, Matteo Bottaro, Silvia Bellagamba, Giulia Francesconi, Umberto Volpe","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00554-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00554-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression occurring during the perinatal period (PND) could affect both future mother and father. PND may lead to several adverse physical and mental health outcomes for the whole family. Several psychopathological determinants have been identified, even though few studies investigated the role of paternal mental health in the onset of maternal perinatal depression (MPND). Hence, a retrospective cohort study was carried out in order to investigate the relationship between paternal mental health and the occurrence of antenatal maternal depression as well as identifying potential sociodemographic, clinical and obstetrical predictors in the development of MPND.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All pregnant women afferent to the Perinatal Mental Health Outpatient Service of the Unit of Clinical Psychiatry at the University Hospital of Marche, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy, between April 2021 to February 2022, were consecutively recruited and longitudinally screened for antenatal depression. The sample was divided in two groups, based on the screening by using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) for PND. A stepwise binary logistic regression analysis was performed in order to evaluate the predictors associated with the presence of antenatal depression (vs. the absence of antenatal depression).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 106 participants among all 460 screened from April 2021 to February 2022, were retrospectively included. In our sample, a prevalence of 13.2% in antenatal depression was found. The binary logistic regression model showed that the higher maternal age (OR = 1.320; p = 0.005), gestational comorbidity (OR = 10.931; p = 0.010), pregnant women's (OR = 19.001; p = 0,001) and their partner's positive history (OR = 16.536; p = 0.004) for mental disorder significantly predicted the presence of antenatal depression in our sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests the need to investigate the pre-existing psychopathology of the pregnant woman's partner as a potential risk factor for MPND, particularly for antenatal depression. Overall, a better understanding and investigation of all potential risk and/or protective factors for the onset and/or maintenance and/or worsening of MPND could help clinicians in early identifying treatment strategies to improve maternal mental health as well as future father's mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical manifestations of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders with and without specific learning disorders.","authors":"Giulia Lazzaro, Domenica Bellantoni, Cristiana Varuzza, Stefano Vicari, Deny Menghini, Maria Pontillo","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00555-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00555-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety disorders (ADs) are common among children and adolescents and frequently co-occur with specific learning disorder (SLD). Approximately 20% of children with SLD meet criteria for ADs, while those with anxiety are six times more likely to have a premorbid SLD. The strong relationship between premorbid SLD and ADs underscores the importance of examining developmental trajectories and manifestations of neuropsychiatric conditions like ADs, particularly when SLD is present. In this context, this study investigates the clinical profiles of children and adolescents with a first diagnosis of an AD and a history of SLD compared to those with a first diagnosis of an AD without a history of SLD. The analysis focuses on various clinical characteristics, including developmental history, demographic aspects, age of anxiety onset, global functioning, types of ADs, self-report anxiety and depressive symptoms, and adaptive behavior. Additionally, the study aims to explore the relationship between anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms, adaptive behavior, and age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study with 78 participants from the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, divided into two groups: those with ADs alone (Group AD, n = 42) and those with both ADs and premorbid SLD (Group AD + SLD, n = 36). We collected data on developmental history, demographic information, age of anxiety onset, global functioning, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and adaptive behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed that Group AD experienced more stressful life events and had higher cognitive levels, whereas Group AD + SLD showed a greater impairment in global functioning. Notably, Group AD exhibited lower social adaptive behavior and higher self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms than Group AD + SLD, possibly indicating a greater awareness of their emotional distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the impact of premorbid neurodevelopmental disorders into clinical manifestations of psychopathological symptoms. In particular, results underline the importance of developing tailored clinical interventions for children with co-occurring ADs and learning difficulties, focusing more on their emotional awareness to better address the unique challenges posed by the comorbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights on the cognitive enhancement effect of desvenlafaxine in major depressive disorder.","authors":"Muriel Vicent-Gil, Joan Trujols, Teresa Sagués, Maria Serra-Blasco, Guillem Navarra-Ventura, Cecilia Lucía Mantellini, Sara Crivillés, Maria J Portella, Narcís Cardoner","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00552-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00552-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Desvenlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in improving affective symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); however, its effects on associated cognitive and functional difficulties remain underexplored. This study seeks to assess the antidepressant effects of desvenlafaxine in patients with SSRI-resistant MDD, its impact on both objective and subjective cognitive performance, where cognitive improvements occur independently of clinical recovery or not, and its influence on psychosocial functioning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational case-control prospective study with 66 participants was conducted, including 26 patients with a current MDD episode, with an inadequate SSRI response, and with the prescription of desvenlafaxine as the next antidepressant therapeutic option, and 40 healthy controls. Sociodemographic, clinical, cognitive, and functional assessments were conducted both before and after a 12-week treatment period. Changes were analyzed using two tailed paired-samples t-tests, with Cohen's d for effect sizes. Cognitive improvements were compared between the patients who achieved remission and those who did not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients showed significant improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms, attention/working memory and processing speed, self-perceived cognitive difficulties and psychosocial functioning. Highlighting the fact these cognitive enhancements occurred independently of patients' clinical improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study focus on the therapeutic potential of desvenlafaxine, demonstrating its efficacy not only in ameliorating clinical and functional symptoms but also in addressing specific cognitive impairments in patients with depression. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying desvenlafaxine's effects and optimize treatment strategies for individuals with MDD.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT03432221 (clinical.</p><p><strong>Trials: </strong>gov). Registration date: 08-01-2018.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can dextromethorphan-bupropion reduce mental pain in depressed individuals? A generating hypothesis overview perspective.","authors":"Maurizio Pompili, Isabella Berardelli, Denise Erbuto, Filippo Caraci","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00549-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00549-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, major depressive disorder, or MDD, is a leading cause of disability. It negatively impacts social interactions and significantly limits daily functioning, ultimately reducing life satisfaction. The prevalence rate is about twice as high in women as in males. It is believed that the genesis of major depressive disorder is complicated and includes biological, genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Mental pain, although distinguishable, constitutes a crucial framework in major depressive disorder (MDD) as the pair may precipitate suicide risk. Mental pain, as conceptualized in Panksepp's emotional theory, is especially relevant when considering the key role of the opioid system, which can influence feelings tied to grief and separation. There has been a renewed interest in targeting the opioid system for antidepressant treatment in MDD and to soothe mental pain. Antidepressant drugs endowed with partial mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonism and kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonism might represent novel pharmacological tools to address unmet needs in MDD patients. The combination of dextromethorphan and bupropion is a well-tolerated, rapid-acting treatment option for adults affected by MDD. We hypothesized that dextromethorphan-bupropion could impact the reduction of mental pain in MDD patients by targeting the opioid system, as supported by Panksepp's theory. The combination of dextromethorphan with bupropion might deal with various aspects of mental pain, possibly improving treatment results.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11916918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered resting-state network connectivity in internet gaming disorder.","authors":"Guoqing Gao, Bei Rong, Junhua Huang, Mingzhe Zhou, Haomian Zhao, Ning Tu, Lihong Bu, Ling Xiao, Gaohua Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00553-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00553-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The growing popularity of internet gaming among adolescents and young adults has driven an increase in both casual and excessive gaming behavior. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how progressive increases in internet gaming engagement led to changes within and between brain networks. This study aims to investigate these connectivity alterations across varying levels of gaming involvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 231 participants were recruited and classified into three groups according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD): IGD group, highly engaged gaming(HEG) group, and lowly engaged gaming (LEG) group. Resting-state fMRI data from 217 participants (143 males, 74 females) were included in the final analysis. Independent component analysis was used to examine differences in intra- and inter-network functional connectivity (FC)across the three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found in intra-network FC across the three groups. However, significant inter-network differences between the dorsal attention network(dAN)and the visual network (VN) among the three groups were observed. The HEG group exhibited significantly higher dAN-VN functional network connectivity (FNC) compared to the LEG group. Linear correlation analyses showed no significant correlation between the dAN-VN FNC values and IGD-20T scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Throughout the development of IGD, increasing levels of engagement are associated with a rise and subsequent decline in FNC of DAN-VN. This pattern may reflect top-down attentional regulation in the early stages of addiction, followed by attentional bias as addiction progresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical illness in schizophrenia and the role of tolerability in antipsychotic selection: an expert consensus with a focus on cariprazine.","authors":"Alessandro Cuomo, Giovanni B Forleo, Taieb Ghodhbane, Jon Johnsen, Angel L Montejo, Cristina Vilares Oliveira, Toby Pillinger, Jose Antonio Ramos-Quiroga, Myrto Samara, Paul H B Seerden, Thomas Thomas Stoeckl, Andrea Fagiolini","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00550-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00550-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia is a highly heterogeneous disease, and a high percentage of patients are at high risk of developing somatic comorbidities, which must be taken into account in disease management and treatment selection.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>Antipsychotics are often associated with side effects that worsen the somatic comorbidities. Among the different options, cariprazine is generally safe and usually well tolerated in both acute and long-term treatment and is often a good choice when balancing clinical benefits and side effects. Given the lack of consensus on the priority of symptoms to treat and the reasons for switching therapy based on the balance between side effects and symptom resolution, twelve psychiatrists met for an expert meeting to discuss the most common and worrisome antipsychotic side effects leading to switching, the most important somatic comorbidities, and the best way to address specific symptoms in both the acute and maintenance phases of treatment in schizophrenia. Special attention was given to metabolic comorbidities, sexual dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. This paper aims to examine the relationship between schizophrenia and specific somatic comorbidities, to discuss how the balance between efficacy and tolerability influences treatment choice in the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia, and how these two variables may have different priorities at different stages of treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The choice of treatment is based primarily on efficacy and tolerability. Cariprazine is beneficial in patients with positive and negative symptoms, and it has a side-effect profile with low rates of metabolic side effects, sedation, and sexual dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicenter cross-sectional study of gambling disorder among patients with methamphetamine use disorder in drug rehabilitation centers: prevalence, correlates, and network analysis.","authors":"Pu Peng, Yuzhu Hao, Xiaojie Zhang, Yuejiao Ma, Xuebing Liu, Danlin Shen, Wenwen Shen, Bin Zhao, Dongxiao Li, Sarah E Beck, Yaira Z Nunez, Marc N Potenza, Joel Gelernter, Tieqiao Liu, Bao-Zhu Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00546-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00546-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study sought to investigate the prevalence, correlates, and network structure of the manifested symptoms in gambling disorder (GD) among methamphetamine (MA) use disorder (MUD) patients in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We interviewed 1069 patients using the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA), Chinese version. Besides MA and other substance use disorders, GD was also ascertained by SSADDA. Other psychiatric diagnoses were ascertained, including major depressive episodes (MDEs), antisocial personality disorder, suicide and self-harm, and environmental factors, including childhood experiences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1069 participants, 711 met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for MUD. Among the 711 participants with MUD, 52.3% met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for GD. We found that alcohol use together with MA, childhood violent experiences, MDEs, severe MUD, and gambling duration significantly differed between MUD participants with and without GD. In the GD-MUD network, the central symptoms were gambling preoccupation (GD1), giving up important activities (MUD6), financial trouble (GD9), and MA tolerance (MUD5). MA tolerance (MUD5) also served as a bridge symptom across the network, exhibiting substantial associations with gambling preoccupation (GD1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GD is prevalent among individuals in treatment for MUD in China. Network analysis suggests that gambling preoccupation and MA tolerance represent central features, and that MA tolerance serves as a bridge across GD and MUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic overlap between schizophrenia and constipation: insights from a genome-wide association study in a European population.","authors":"Qinghua Luo, Mingwei An, Yunxiang Wu, Jiawen Wang, Yuanting Mao, Leichang Zhang, Chen Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00551-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00551-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) experience constipation at significantly higher rates compared with the general population. This relationship suggests a potential genetic overlap between these two conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for both SCZ and constipation using a five-part approach. The first and second parts assessed the overall and local genetic correlations using methods such as linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and heritability estimation from summary statistics (HESS). The third part investigated the causal association between the two traits using Mendelian randomization (MR). The fourth part employed conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate (cond/conjFDR) to analyze the genetic overlap with different traits based on the statistical theory. Finally, an LDSC-specifically expressed gene (LDSC-SEG) analysis was conducted to explore the tissue-level associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analyses revealed both overall and specific genetic correlations between SCZ and constipation at the genomic level. The MR analysis suggests a positive causal relationship between SCZ and constipation. The ConjFDR analysis confirms the genetic overlap between the two conditions and identifies two genetic risk loci (rs7583622 and rs842766) and seven mapped genes (GPR75-ASB3, ASB3, CHAC2, ERLEC1, GPR75, PSME4, and ACYP2). Further investigation into the functions of these genes could provide valuable insights. Interestingly, disease-related tissue analysis revealed associations between SCZ and constipation in eight brain regions (substantia nigra, anterior cingulate cortex, hypothalamus, cortex, hippocampus, cortex, amygdala, and spinal cord).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first genetic evidence for the comorbidity of SCZ and constipation, enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of both conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients: effects of 5-HTR SNPs.","authors":"Keying Liu, Bide Zhang, Zhoufangyuan Chen, Fukun Chen, Zexu Li, Yunzhi Gao, Yuechao Zhao, Yihao Liu, Yanlong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00547-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00547-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HTR) is a key protein responsible for the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and an important target for many antipsychotics. 5-HTR has a high degree of genetic polymorphism, and atypical antipsychotics are 5-HTR antagonists widely used in treating schizophrenia. With the increasing development of medical technology, antipsychotics are being updated rapidly, and their efficacy and safety are being optimised. However, owing to the complexity of patients' genetic polymorphisms and psychiatric disorders, there are still individual differences in clinical efficacy. This article reviews the typing of 5-HTR, a common target of clinical atypical antipsychotics, and the effects of 5-HTR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the efficacy of atypical antipsychotics. Specific genotypes of six types of 5-HTR genes are associated with differential responses to atypical antipsychotics, which may help guide the development of individualized clinical treatments for patients with schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary hormones in depression: the future in diagnosis and treatment.","authors":"Stefan Harsanyi, Ida Kupcova, Maria Csobonyeiova, Martin Klein","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00548-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00548-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is associated with a significant burden on individuals, families, and communities. It leads to impaired social and occupational functioning, increased disability, decreased quality of life, and higher mortality rates, often due to suicide. A recent estimate from the World Health Organization (WHO) states that over 280 million people of all ages suffer from depression, which equals approximately 3.8% of the world population. Despite effective treatments for mental disorders, a dire treatment gap persists. This treatment gap could be reduced by effective and available diagnostic methods that have the potential to aid in depression diagnosis, stratification of patient subgroups, and treatment monitoring. In this regard, salivary hormones have been studied as potential markers for different types and etiologies of depression due to the convenience of non-invasive sample collection and their correlation with certain aspects of mood and mental health. The literature suggests they can help clinicians assess an individual's stress response, hormonal imbalances, and treatment response, leading to more personalized and effective interventions. In this review, we offer an up-to-date look at all studied salivary hormones associated with depression, including Cortisol, Melatonin, Oxytocin, Serotonin, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Testosterone, Progesterone, and Estradiol.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11834473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}