Annals of General Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Combined effect of cognitive dysfunction and sleep disturbance on mortality risk: NHANES 2011-2014.","authors":"Tian-Shin Yeh, Yi-Chen Huang, Shu-Chuan Ho, Co-Yih Siow, Hsin-Chien Lee, Jose I Recio-Rodriguez, Jia-Ying Sung, Jowy Tani","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00593-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00593-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both cognitive dysfunction and sleep disturbances are individually linked to heightened risks of chronic illnesses and mortality. However, their combined impact on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014, focusing on participants aged ≥ 60 years who completed cognitive tests and sleep-related questionnaires. Cognitive function was evaluated using three standardized tests: The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), the Animal Fluency Test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Participants with global cognitive z-scores below - 1 were classified as having low cognitive function. Sleep disturbance was identified based on self-reported diagnoses of sleep disorders or complaints of trouble sleeping. Mortality data were sourced from the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with adjustments for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,170 participants ≥ 60 years of age were included for analysis. Participants with low cognitive function alone had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.12-2.26) for all-cause mortality. The risk increased to an aHR of 1.73 (95% CI: 1.07-2.79) when both low cognitive function and sleep disturbances were present. Stratified analyses revealed that the associations between cognitive function, sleep disturbance, and mortality risks varied across sex, BMI, and chronic kidney disease status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of low cognitive function and sleep disturbances is associated with a higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, exceeding the risk of either condition alone. These findings emphasize the need to consider both factors together when assessing mortality risk in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12406422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and structure of a state hospital botulinum neurotoxin clinic for clozapine-induced sialorrhea.","authors":"Ai-Li W Arias, Michael A Cummings, George J Proctor, Jonathan M Meyer","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00592-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00592-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clozapine is uniquely effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, treatment-resistant mania, and for aggression, suicide, or psychogenic polydipsia related to schizophrenia. Among its adverse effects, sialorrhea is an important barrier to clozapine treatment. Topical anticholinergic medications show limited efficacy, while systemic anticholinergics carry elevated risks of constipation, bowel impaction, or ileus. A superior treatment option for clozapine-induced sialorrhea exists in the form of periodic injection of major salivary glands with botulinum neurotoxin. This paper describes the feasibility and logistical issues involved in establishing a botulinum treatment clinic within a forensic psychiatric hospital. Critical elements in establishing a successful botulinum clinic for treatment of sialorrhea include adequate hospital administrative support, sufficient nursing staff, clinician injection training, education of treating psychiatrists regarding the availability and effectiveness of botulinum treatment for sialorrhea, and development of a clinic protocol, including procedural elements and relevant rating scales. Finally, botulinum treatment was evaluated to be cost-effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Serum L-selectin levels as predictive markers for chronic major depressive disorder progression.","authors":"Yeeun Yun, Sora Mun, Seungyeon Lee, Hee-Gyoo Kang, Jiyeong Lee","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00594-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00594-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12374388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of mindfulness training supported by virtual reality in the nonpharmacological treatment of schizophrenia-research design.","authors":"Andrzej Cechnicki, Adrian Chrobak, Iga Plencler, Przemysław Stankiewicz, Aneta Kalisz, Piotr Błądziński, Dawid Kruk, Stanisław Radoń, Bernadetta Szewczyk, Agata Faron-Górecka, Michał Korostyński, Marcin Siwek","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00587-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00587-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12345029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global burden of depression attributable to childhood sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, and bullying victimization from 1990 to 2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study.","authors":"Zhuo Liu, Guo Mao","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00586-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00586-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Depression is a leading cause of global disability, and among the behavioral risks defined in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) framework, childhood sexual abuse (CSA), intimate partner violence (IPV) against women, and bullying victimization have emerged as key contributors to depressive disorders. However, long-term, comprehensive assessments of their combined impact on depression burden-by region, age group, and socio-demographic context-are lacking. This study quantifies trends in depression burden attributable specifically to CSA, IPV, and bullying from 1990 to 2021.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We extracted age-standardized rates and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to CSA, IPV, and bullying for 204 countries and territories from the GBD 2021 database (1990-2021). We computed estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) for each risk factor, applied decomposition analysis to separate demographic vs. exposure effects, conducted frontier analysis to benchmark national performance, and used inequality metrics to assess disparities across Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;CSA-attributable DALYs remained largely stable or declined slightly (global EAPC of age-standardized DALY rate: - 0.12, 95% CI: - 0.20 to - 0.04), while IPV and bullying-related DALYs increased modestly (IPV EAPC: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.37-0.53; bullying EAPC: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.96).The largest relative increases were observed in adolescents aged 15-19 for bullying (EAPC 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12-1.38) and in young adults 20-24 for IPV (EAPC 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65-0.91).In 2021, CSA contributed the highest age-standardized DALY rates in low-SDI regions, high-income North America, and Greenland; IPV burden peaked in low-SDI and Central Sub-Saharan African settings (notably Uganda); bullying burden was greatest in high-SDI regions, high-income North America, and Greenland.Together, these three interpersonal risks accounted for 13.12% of global depression DALYs in 2021-bullying 6.12%, IPV 4.94%, CSA 2.65%-a figure we explicitly modelled from GBD attributable fractions.Frontier analysis highlighted Switzerland, Norway, Monaco, and Germany as leaders in minimizing trauma-related depression burden. Decomposition analysis showed that population aging and growth drove most burden increases in middle- to low-SDI regions, while changes in exposure levels explained regional rises in bullying and IPV. Inequality measures confirmed widening gaps between high- and low-SDI settings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Between 1990 and 2021, depression burden attributable to CSA has stabilized or declined, but IPV and bullying burdens have risen-especially among adolescents and in lower-SDI regions. These results underscore the urgency of age- and context-specific violence prevention, child protection, and school-based anti-bullying initiatives to reduce trauma-related depression worldwide. Further research should in","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of somatic symptoms among adolescents in Singapore: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Dhiya Mahirah, Jane Mingjie Lim, Mary Su-Lynn Chew, Nidhi Peddapalli, Clement Zhong-Hao Ho, Vicknesan Jeyan Marimuttu, Helen Yu Chen, Sharon Cohan Sung, Yi-Ching Lynn Ho, Cheryl Bee-Lock Loh","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00582-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00582-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Somatic symptoms are physical symptoms that often arise in response to emotional distress and can significantly impact well-being. Understanding the prevalence and interplay of these symptoms with anxiety and depression is crucial for understanding adolescent health outcomes in Singapore. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of somatic symptoms among adolescents in Singapore and examine their associations with demographic characteristics, life stressors, anxiety, and depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional online survey with 601 Singaporean adolescents aged 12 to 19, using the Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms Scales (PHQ-SADS) to assess somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression levels. Demographic information and experiences with stressful life events were also collected. Both descriptive and regression analyses were used to understand the relationships between participants' sociodemographic factors, mental health symptoms, and the presence of somatic symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>32.3% of the adolescents reported clinically significant levels of somatic symptoms, with a higher prevalence observed among those who were females and older. While no significant associations were found between somatic symptoms and demographic factors, adolescents with anxiety or depressive symptoms presented significantly increased odds of reporting somatic symptoms. Specifically, the odds of reporting somatic symptoms were 2.91 times greater for those with anxiety (95%CI: 1.55-5.45, p < 0.001) and 6.54 times greater for those with depression (95%CI: 3.75-11.6, p < 0.001) than for those without these mental health concerns. Furthermore, those with somatic symptoms reported a greater number of stressful life events, with academic pressure emerging as the most prominent stressor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the prevalence of somatic symptoms among adolescents in Singapore, emphasising the interconnectedness of mental and physical health during this developmental stage. The strong associations between somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, and life stressors underscore the need for a holistic approach to adolescent healthcare. Early identification and intervention strategies should focus on addressing mental health concerns, building resilience against stressors, and promoting healthy coping mechanisms to mitigate the burden of somatic symptoms and foster overall well-being in Singaporean adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between cognitive disengagement syndrome and misophonia in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the mediating role of cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms.","authors":"Hacer Gizem Gercek, Borte Gurbuz Ozgur, Zahittin Hayta, Asiye Sapanca, Hatice Aksu","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00583-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00583-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Misophonia is a condition characterized by a reduced tolerance to certain sounds and strong emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses. Existing research on the relationship between misophonia and psychopathologies in children remains limited. To our knowledge, the relationship between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS), formerly known as sluggish cognitive tempo, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and misophonia has not been investigated to date. In this study, we examined the relationship between misophonia and ADHD and CDS symptoms and possible mediating factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 53 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and a control group of 50 adolescents without ADHD. All participants underwent a semi-structured clinical interview using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, Turkish version (K-SADS-PL). Misophonia symptoms were assessed with the Amsterdam Misophonia Scale-Revised (AMISOS-R). In contrast, CDS symptoms were measured using the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Self-Report Scale (SCT-SR). ADHD symptom severity was evaluated using the Turgay DSM-IV-Based Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S), which the participants' parents completed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AMISOS-R scores were higher in adolescents with ADHD compared to the control group. The AMISOS-R revealed significant correlations with ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (r = 0.291), ADHD-inattention (r = 0.513), and SCT-SR (r = 0.661) symptoms. As a result of regression analysis, ADHD-inattention severity (β = 0.745, p < 0.001) emerged as the variable that was significant with adolescent misophonia severity, independently of other variables.The mediation test using the bootstrap method showed that the indirect coefficient for SCT-SR in the relationship between T-DSM-IV-S Inattention and AMISOS-R was significant, and consistent with partial mediation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that symptoms of misophonia are significantly associated with ADHD and CDS symptoms, and the importance of recognizing the comorbidity of misophonia in ADHD patients. Notably, although ADHD-inattention was associated considerably with misophonia, this association was mediated by CDS severity. Therefore, when assessing individuals with symptoms of misophonia, it is important to screen specifically for ADHD-inattention and CDS symptoms as well. Further research is needed to explore these relationships in more detail and to expand our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Italian validation of the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale-8 (OMMP-8).","authors":"Giulia Landi, Giada Boccolini, Geremia Chinali, Silvana Grandi, Eliana Tossani","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00584-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00584-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental pain is increasingly recognized in clinical settings as a significant transdiagnostic construct that can exacerbate the condition of individuals suffering from it. It is also widely acknowledged as one of the strongest indicators of suicide risk. This study focuses on the Italian validation of the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale-8 (OMMP-8).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,546 participants responded to an online cross-sectional survey assessing sociodemographic and clinically relevant variables, mental pain and other mental health variables (i.e., tolerance for mental pain, current physical pain, anxiety and depression, and wellbeing).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Italian version of the OMMP-8 maintained the same factorial structure as the original instrument and demonstrated excellent convergent validity. Moreover, the instrument showed strong criterion validity, effectively distinguishing between individuals receiving mental health treatment, those with recent suicidal ideation, and those with a history of suicide attempts. ROC curve analyses indicated good discrimination for recent suicidal ideation (AUC = 0.81) and acceptable discrimination for suicide attempt history (AUC = 0.71), with an optimal cut-off score of ≥ 21.5. In addition, the Italian OMMP-8 demonstrated incremental validity, predicting suicidal ideation and past suicide attempts after controlling for depressive symptoms. It also exhibited scale measurement invariance for gender, age, current mental health treatment, and current suicidal ideation while residual invariance was established for gender, age, and treatment status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Italian OMMP-8 is an agile, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing mental pain and shows promise in identifying individuals at risk of suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12265195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal static and dynamic regional homogeneity in adolescent major depressive disorder with somatic symptoms: a resting-state fMRI study.","authors":"Siye Yu, Chang Shu, Gaohua Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00581-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00581-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Somatic symptoms are common in adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) and related to severity of depression and clinical outcomes. However, the neurological mechanism of somatic symptoms in adolescent MDD remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the functional alterations of intrinsic brain local connectivity in adolescent MDD with somatic symptoms based on static and dynamic reginal homogeneity (ReHo).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 50 first-episode, drug naïve adolescent MDD patients and 34 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, gender and years of education. Patients were categorized into somatic depression (SD) group (n = 21) and non-somatic depression (NSD) group (n = 29) based on the presence of somatic symptoms or not. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and static and dynamic ReHo were calculated and compared among SD, NSD and HC groups. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between altered ReHo values and severity of clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescent MDD patients with somatic symptoms showed higher total scores of the 17-items Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17). Moreover, increased static ReHo in left inferior parietal gyrus (IPG), left superior parietal gyrus (SPG) and left triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus (IFGtriang) were observed in SD group compared with NSD group. The SD group also exhibited decreased dynamic ReHo in bilateral IPG, bilateral SPG, and left IFGtriang. Moreover, there were significant correlations between static and dynamic ReHo values in these abnormal brain regions and the weight factor scores of HAMD-17.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggested that there may be abnormal patterns of functional local connectivity in SPG, IPG and IFGtriang in adolescent MDD patients with somatic symptoms, enriching the knowledge of neurological mechanism concerning somatic symptoms in adolescent MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12224741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between keloid and mental disorders: perspective from genetic evidence.","authors":"Ying Zhan, Yanan Tong, Xiaodan Wu, Zhiguo Wang, Guoxu Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12991-025-00579-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12991-025-00579-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The causal relationship between keloid and mental disorders remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether keloid was causally associated with the risk of bipolar disorder (BD), anxiety, schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The large available genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of keloid, BD, anxiety, SCZ, MDD and PTSD was used for summary statistics. The bidirectional MR analyses were performed using a variety of methods of analysis including inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple modal and weighted modal methods. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using Cochran's Q to estimate heterogeneity, and the MR-Egger method was used to estimate horizontal pleiotropy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis showed that keloid susceptibility was associated with an increased risk of BD (OR = 1.027, 95% CI: 1.005-1.049, p = 0.015) and SCZ (OR = 1.023 (95% CI: 1.006-1.040, p = 0.006). We also observed a negative association between keloid and PTSD (OR = 0.903, 95% CI: [0.835-0.977], p = 0.011). There was no evidence for a causal relationship between keloid and anxiety (OR = 0.982, 95% CI: 0.961-1.004, p = 0.110) and MDD (OR = 0.997, 95% CI: 0.987-1.006, p = 0.476). Reverse MR analysis revealed that there was no causal relationship between keloid and the mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence that there is a link between BD, SCZ, PTSD and keloid. However, there was no causal relationship between anxiety, MDD and keloid. This study may provide important clues and references for the study of keloid and mental disorders. We urge that the mental conditions of keloid patients should be taken into account in clinical practice and that necessary psychological support should be provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":7942,"journal":{"name":"Annals of General Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12224494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}