Annals of African Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Bone Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Harjeet Singh, Visesh Kumar, Ajay Kumar Singh, Surbhi Chaudhary","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_71_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_71_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) has affected over 387 million patients globally, expected to reach 592 million by the end of 2035. It is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused by either insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or both.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present study was designed to estimate the levels of different bone markers; serum Vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, and calcium in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). The study was conducted on patients aged 20-50 years diagnosed with T2DM, who were attending the outpatient/inpatient department of internal medicine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of calcium were decreased in the patients with diabetes and also the study proved a negative correlation between calcium and random plasma glucose (RPG). There was a significant negative correlation between RPG and serum 25(OH)D3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that Vitamin D insufficiency is frequent in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. Sunshine exposure daily for 15 min on the face and hands is necessary to elevate the sunlight Vitamin D levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":"23 3","pages":"324-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrazinamide-induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.","authors":"Ananda Datta, Raghavendrun Sivasankar, Bikash Ranjan Kar","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_161_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_161_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antitubercular drugs are associated with different cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe form of cutaneous reaction. Although it is rare, it carries a high mortality rate. We report a case of a 75-year-old man with abdominal tuberculosis, who developed pyrazinamide-induced TEN.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":"23 3","pages":"494-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Body Composition by Biphotonic X-ray Absorptiometry in a Moroccan Female Population, an Indicator of Obesity?","authors":"Hamza Toufik, Abderrahim Majjad, Mohammed Ahmed Ghassem, H J Djossou, Siham Sadni, L Achemlal, Ahmed Bezza, Abdellah El Maghraoui","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_89_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_89_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Our purpose was to study the body composition in a healthy female Moroccan adult group, and to help physicians to evaluate nutritional status.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Five hundred and nineteen healthy women aged from 20 to 80 years were included in the study. Bone mineral density at the hip and lumbar spine and the body composition parameters were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and percentage (%) of body fat. The FFM index (FFMI) and the FM index (FMI) were calculated. We analyzed the population by age and body mass index (BMI) defined groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the population was 53.14 ± 13.69 years with an average BMI of 29.30 ± 5.04 kg/m2. Means of FM and FFM were 33.93 ± 9.18 kg and 36.91 ± 5 kg, respectively, with FM and FFMI of 13.65 ± 3.66 kg/m2 and 14.85 ± 1.91 kg/m2, respectively. The % FM, FFM, and their corresponding indices increased with age; a statistically significant difference was observed between the 20 and 39 age categories and the two other categories. The BMI category analysis showed that FFMI and FMI increased in obese women with a statistically significant difference between the four groups. Age and BMI were correlated significantly with the different parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first Moroccan study to present body composition indexes in healthy Moroccan female adults. These reference values may be useful for the clinical evaluation of body composition and nutritional status.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":"23 3","pages":"267-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Conundrum to Decode the Proficiency of Urban Schoolteachers in Screening Learning Disabilities.","authors":"Akanksha Dani, Yamini Pusdekar, Vishwajit Deshmukh","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_206_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_206_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is estimated that nearly 5%-10% of Indian schoolchildren have hidden problems, with about 80%-85% of them having dyslexia. Failing to diagnose and address learning disabilities on time can lead to adverse outcomes, such as school dropouts and mental health issues. In this context, the study was designed to assess educators' knowledge regarding LD, its detection, and provisions for its management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 randomly selected English, Hindi, Marathi, and Urdu medium schools under Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation from June 2018 to December 2019. The study participants were primary, upper primary, and high schoolteachers whose knowledge and practices regarding LD were assessed using a validated questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the ten selected schools, 150 teachers were interviewed. The knowledge regarding LD was poor, with only 26.67% of the teachers expressing the inability of the child to learn in only one particular tenet of their studies as a learning disability, which was incorrect. Nearly 24.67% of the teachers expressed the correct opinion that children who had problems with two or more learning domains were found to have LD. Most of them were unaware of the provisions for children with LD. The most common factors influencing learning disability among children were the environment at home (approximately 40%), followed by health and frequent illness of a child (28.67%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LD criteria, screening, provision, and referral should have been better understood by schoolteachers. Most of their expertise came from teacher training programs. Teachers closely study their pupils and can spot even modest changes in academic performance or behavior, making them the first screening medium for learning disabilities. Therefore, teachers must be trained to recognize LD and informed about available services such as urban rehabilitation centers for children with LD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":"23 3","pages":"317-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Multidimensional Learning Tools in Anatomy: A Randomized Control Trial.","authors":"Sudha Rani, Govind Kumar Gupta, Ratnajeet Chakraborty, Tushar Kumar, Mani Kishlay Kumar, Anil Kumar Das, Shashank Shekhar","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_214_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_214_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anatomy teaching has traditionally been based on dissection. However, reduced hours in total and laboratory hours in gross anatomy along with a dearth of cadavers have ensued the search for a less time-consuming tool.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy in Sheikh Bhikhari Medical College, Hazaribag. A total of 282 medical students were taught gross anatomy, using three different learning modalities: dissection (n = 95), plastic models (n = 94), and three-dimensional (3D) anatomy software (n = 93). The knowledge of the students was examined by 100 multiple-choice question (MCQ) and tag questions followed by an evaluation questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When performance is considered, the dissection and 3D group performed better than the plastic models group in total, MCQs, and tag questions. In the evaluation questionnaire, dissection performed better than the other two modalities. Moreover, dissection and 3D software emerged as superior to the plastic models group.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>All data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and t-test. Group-based analysis by ANOVA and gender-based analysis were done by Student's t-test. A comparison of students' perceptions was done by Kruskal-Wallis H-test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dissection remains a favorite with students and accomplishes a significantly higher attainment of knowledge. Plastic models are less effective but are a valuable tool in preparation for cadaveric laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":"23 3","pages":"459-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbal Formulation of High Phenols and Flavonoids with the Extract of Phyllanthus emblica, Punica granatum, and Illicium verum and Assessment of Hematotoxicity Assay: An In vitro Study.","authors":"S V Rupashri, Sahana Selvaganesh, Rajalakshmanan Eahwaramoorthy, Thiyaneswaran Nesappan","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_164_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_164_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A growing number of consumers are embracing the philosophy that natural products are better for their health and the environment. As such, they are seeking products they perceive to be safer, healthier, and without toxic chemical or synthetic ingredients. Natural products are gentle enough for daily use and provide a less abrasive alternative to more potent prescription formulations meant for short-term use. Herbal antimicrobial and antioxidant mouth rinses are considered effective adjuncts to toothbrushing and flossing for patients having gingivitis who have undergone implant treatment, providing a clinically significant benefit in the reduction of dental plaque, and also being antioxidant in nature.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three types of plant species were taken into consideration. Phyllanthus emblica fruit, Punica granatum flower, and Illicium verum fruit and seed were collected from the native trees of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>We conclude that P. emblica fruit, P. granatum flower, and I. verum fruit and seed exhibit large amounts of flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. This study also shows that these samples can be used in clinical practice as it has less hematotoxixity percentage. P. granatum that is a pomegranate flower shows a high positive percentage in the presence of flavonoids and phenols. These plant extracts can be used in further studies and in clinical use as mouthwash or topical gel by adding preservatives and flavoring agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":"23 3","pages":"437-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Changed in CNS5? A Mini-Review on General Changes and Adult Diffuse Gliomas.","authors":"Indranil Chakrabarti, Sujaya Mazumder","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_63_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_63_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fifth edition of the WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system (WHO CNS5) was published in 2021 which is the sixth version of the international standard for the diagnostics of CNS tumors. Regular updates of the consortium to inform molecular and practical approaches to CNS tumor taxonomy (cIMPACT-NOW) shaped the WHO CNS5 which continues the trend of incorporating the molecular characteristics of tumors into the histological and immunohistochemical findings. The various updates can be classified into general changes across all tumors and specific changes within the tumor groups. This mini-review highlights the general changes and the major changes in adult diffuse gliomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":"23 3","pages":"255-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Electromagnetic Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Dysmenorrhea in Young Women of Basrah.","authors":"Raya Muslim Al Hassan, Nawal Mustafa Abdullah, Ali Mohammad Jawad Al Tawry","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_46_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_46_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a public disease of young female worldwide, it affects their daily performances. Severe recurrent uterine cramps are the main complaints in 90% of adolescents and 50% of reproductive-age females. This study aimed to evaluate the use of magnetic field therapy in the treatment of severe dysmenorrhea grade 3 and provide an encouraging goal to continue daily work without pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred and fifty female patients were recruited in this study from gynecological clinics in Basrah, southern Iraq. All had severe dysmenorrhea, patients were subjected to a questionnaire form, Visual Analog Scale, and verbal multidimensional scoring system to determine the pain intensity and grade of dysmenorrhea. Only 38 young females had severe dysmenorrhea grade 3 with ages ranging from 16 to 28 years with a mean age of 22.04 ± 1.43 years and body mass index 23.81 ± 1.94, patients subjected to electromagnetic field therapy (EMFT), two sessions per week for 20 min each for 6 weeks. Three categories were assessed, working ability, associated symptoms, and drugs used. Data were collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study showed statistically significant progress (P < 0.05) in reducing pain, rare physical and mental complaints, and improved working ability with no need for drugs in majority of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EMFT has better results than other methods in relieving pain and symptoms of dysmenorrhea with a settled lifestyle.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":"23 2","pages":"189-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presacral Tailgut Cyst.","authors":"Shriya Haval, Divyansh Dwivedi, Prabhat Nichkaode","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_45_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_45_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A tailgut cyst is a rare benign polycystic congenital lesion in presacral or retrorectal space, when there is failure of involution of tailgut. Clinical presentation may be with or without symptoms of different types related to obstruction, infection, or rarely malignancy. Symptoms may be misleading and atypical, so understanding of characteristics of tailgut cysts is important for precise and early diagnosis to be made for proper treatment and to avoid complications and malignant transformation. Magnetic resonance imaging pelvis was used as diagnostic imaging investigation, but the final confirmation was only done by histopathology. Definitive treatment is surgery, though various surgical approaches are described, surgery is tailored which will suit the individual patient's anatomy and suspected diagnosis of mass. This case review used PubMed and Web of Science databases to search for the studies. We found around 176 articles and selected 77 articles in our survey, with 8 reviews, 31 case reports, and 31 case reports and reviews.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":"23 2","pages":"237-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of Bone Scan in Evaluating Patients with Clinically Indeterminate Diagnosis of Cancer in a Low-resource Practice.","authors":"Yetunde A Onimode, Amos O Adeleye, Atara I Ntekim","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_178_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_178_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>A major indication for referrals for bone scans (BS) to establish or exclude skeletal metastases. Few patients are referred with clinically indeterminate diagnosis or cancer of unknown primary (CUP), to search for bony metastases or primary tumor.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to assess the usefulness or otherwise for BS in such instances.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study of BS performed for CUP and indeterminate diagnosis from 2012 to 2016 in the nuclear medicine unit of a tertiary teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>The study involved reviews of technetium-99m diphosphonate BS for patients with CUP. BSs were reported by nuclear physicians as normal, normal variants, suspicious for metastases or as malignant, and with solitary or multiple skeletal metastases.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 for descriptive analysis. Continuous data were displayed as means along with their standard deviation; categorical data were tabulated as frequencies and percentages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2156 BS, 42 (0.02%) were eligible. Patients were aged 27-86 years, mainly in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Bone metastases were identified in 14 (33%) of these patients, whereas 17 BS (40%) were normal, BS appeared equivocal in 10 (23.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography availability would resolve the clinical dilemma in patients with equivocal and apparently normal BS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":"23 2","pages":"149-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11210742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141722911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}