Annals of African Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of Endothelin Levels in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension: A Clinical Insight.","authors":"Jyoti Bajpai, Akshyaya Pradhan, Mohammed Kaleem Ahmad, Surya Kant","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_712_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_712_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health issue, with pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a severe complication linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoconstrictor peptide and a potential biomarker for PH in COPD due to its role in vascular remodeling and hemodynamic stress.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess serum ET-1 levels in COPD patients with and without PH to evaluate its correlation with hemodynamic and metabolic parameters and evaluate its diagnostic potential.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study enrolled 90 subjects (46 COPD with PH, 24 COPD without PH, 20 controls) from January 2023 to December 2024. COPD was confirmed via spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity <0.70) and PH defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) >20 mmHg by right heart catheterization or echocardiography. Serum ET-1 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data included clinical history, spirometry, hemodynamics, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Statistical analysis involved analysis of variance, post-hoc tests, bivariate correlations and multivariate regression (P < 0.05 significant).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ET-1 levels were significantly elevated in COPD with PH (26.6 ± 16.87 pg/mL) versus COPD without PH (17.96 ± 18.43 pg/mL) and controls (3.3 ± 1.48 pg/mL, P < 0.001). MPAP (27.46 ± 5.62 mmHg vs. 15.02 ± 1.28 and 15.23 ± 1.17 mmHg, P < 0.001) and right atrial (RA) pressure (12.17 ± 2.76 vs. 5.75 ± 0.87 and 5.7 ± 0.82 mmHg, P < 0.001) distinguished the PH group. ET-1 correlated with MPAP (P = 0.001), RA pressure (P = 0.002), and HbA1c (P = 0.003), with HbA1c as an independent predictor (odds ratio: 4.66, 95% confidence interval 0.748-8.58, P = 0.0203). No correlations were observed with smoking (P = 0.83) or lung function (P = 0.295). Echocardiographic markers (P < 0.014) supported PH diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated ET-1 marked PH severity in COPD, with a novel metabolic link to HbA1c, which suggested its utility as a non-invasive diagnostic tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Utility of Hematologic Inflammatory Indices and Serum Cytokeratin-18 (M65) for predicting Ultrasonography-confirmed Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Chinnathambipalayam Kandasamy Vijayasamundeeswari, V Ashwini, Sudha Rangasamy","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_66_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_66_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) (M65) in predicting T2DM patients with NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, hospital-based, analytical, and cross-sectional study (January-June 2025) enrolled adults aged 30-60 years with established T2DM and ultrasound-confirmed NAFLD (n = 44) or absence of NAFLD (n = 44).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 88 participants (44 T2DM+NAFLD and 44 T2DM without NAFLD), patient with NAFLD has longer duration of diabetes mellitus compared to diabetes mellitus without NAFLD (10.5 ± 4.2 vs. 7.8 ± 3.6 years; P = 0.002). Adiposity and blood pressure (BP) were higher (body mass inde × 29.8 ± 3.3 vs. 22.9 ± 1.9 kg/m2; waist 93.4 ± 16.1 vs. 80.8 ± 16.5 cm; systolic BP/diastolic BP 138.9/84.1 vs. 131.3/74.5 mmHg; all P < 0.001). Glycemic control was poorer (fasting blood glucose 197.7 ± 53.2 vs. 171.2 ± 20.7 mg/dL; P = 0.003; glycated hemoglobin 13.5 ± 2.9 vs. 8.9% ±2.3%; P < 0.001) with higher insulin. The NAFLD group also had higher aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transferase and higher inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP] 0.62 ± 0.28 vs. 0.38 ± 0.22 mg/dL; P < 0.001), with higher NLR and lower LMR/PLR. CK-18 (M65) was higher (472.8 ± 155.6 vs. 318.6 ± 118.9 U/L; P < 0.001), as were fatty liver index (FLI) and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI). CK-18 (M65) showed excellent receiver operating characteristic performance (area under the curve [AUC] 0.955; >300 U/L: 90.9% sensitivity, 81.8% specificity), outperforming APRI (AUC 0.816) and FLI (AUC 0.789). Lipids were atherogenic (TC 240.0 vs. 182.6; low density lipoprotein 170.4 vs. 125.0 mg/dL; P < 0.001). CRP AUC 0.756; NLR AUC 0.669 overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CK-18 (M65) demonstrated excellent accuracy for predicting NAFLD among patients with T2DM, whereas NLR, LMR, and PLR showed only modest discriminatory performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Repeat Testing Change Outcomes? Assessing the Value of Serial Enzyme Levels in Acute Pancreatitis.","authors":"Mohammed Alessa, Loai Albinsaad","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_575_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_575_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas, with or without fibrosis. Amylase and lipase play important roles in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. This study aimed to determine the importance of performing pancreatic enzyme measurements after initial diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort observational study was conducted at King Fahad Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from participants at a single center through observation and analysis using the SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study enrolled 184 participants (47.8% females) with an average age of 42.1 years and an average body mass index of 27.5. Biliary pancreatitis was found to be the most common cause of acute pancreatitis (62.0%). Moreover, initial laboratory test results included amylase (performed in 54.9% of patients), both amylase and lipase (38.6%), and lipase alone (6.5%). Among the participants, 75% underwent repeated enzyme measurements, and severe pancreatitis was classified as likely in 16.8% of participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Repeated enzyme measurements were associated with longer hospital stays and a higher likelihood of intensive care unit admission, emphasizing the potential severity of the disease in this subgroup. Future studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate these findings and to explore additional factors that may influence the need/frequency for repeated enzyme measurements in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filarial Worm Infestation of the Nasolacrimal Duct: A Rare Orbital Presentation.","authors":"Tushar Kalekar, Jyothsna Yeluru","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_104_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_104_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Filarial infestation of the nasolacrimal duct is exceptionally rare and often misdiagnosed as benign lacrimal pathology. We present a 12-year-old boy with progressive medial canthal swelling initially suspected to be a dermoid cyst or inflammatory lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined enhancing lesion at the nasolacrimal duct with preseptal edema. Histopathology demonstrated a parasite with a thick eosinophilic cuticular wall and inflammatory infiltrate rich in eosinophils and foreign-body giant cells, consistent with filarial infestation, possibly Onchocerca species. Surgical excision followed by antifilarial therapy resulted in complete recovery without recurrence at 3-month follow-up. Heightened clinical awareness in endemic regions is essential to enable timely diagnosis and effective management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"S540-S543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report on Vitamin B6-Responsive Gyrate atrophy with Cystoid Macular Edema in a Consanguineous Young Male: A Treatable Metabolic Retinopathy.","authors":"Rohan Jagadish, Nilesh Giri, Gautami Ramesh Laturkar, Soumya Grover, Jay Kumar Trapasiya","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_218_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_218_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Gyrate atrophy is a rare autosomal recessive chorioretinal dystrophy caused by ornithine aminotransferase deficiency, resulting in toxic accumulation of plasma ornithine and progressive retinal degeneration. We describe a 20-year-old male, born to consanguineous parents, who presented with progressive diminution of vision, nyctalopia, and peripheral visual field loss. Fundus examination revealed sharply demarcated, scalloped areas of midperipheral chorioretinal atrophy with relative macular sparing. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated cystoid macular edema, whereas plasma ornithine levels were markedly elevated. The patient was treated with dietary protein restriction and pyridoxine supplementation, with biochemical improvement and stabilization of visual function. Early recognition, metabolic monitoring, and evaluation of pyridoxine responsiveness may delay visual deterioration and improve visual prognosis in gyrate atrophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"S494-S497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148722469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Pancytopenia Associated with Olanzapine Rechallenge: A Rare Case Report with Literature Review.","authors":"Saumya Mishra, Bheemsain V Tekkalaki","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_393_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_393_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Olanzapine is a frequently used second-generation antipsychotic, often considered to have a favorable hematological safety profile than clozapine. We report a rare case of recurrent pancytopenia associated with olanzapine rechallenge in a 46-year-old woman with acute psychotic episode. She had previously responded well to olanzapine but developed moderate hematological decline, which resolved on discontinuation. During current psychotic episode, olanzapine was re-initiated, and serial blood counts suggested progressive pancytopenia, which was confirmed on peripheral smear. Alternative causes including nutritional deficiencies and autoimmune disorders were ruled out. Olanzapine was discontinued and replaced with aripiprazole, following which all three cell lines normalized subsequently. This case demonstrates a clear temporal challenge-dechallenge-rechallenge association, confirming olanzapine as the causative agent. Clinicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion for hematological adverse effects even with olanzapine, especially in patients with prior cytopenic episodes. In such patients, baseline and serial hematological monitoring is advised and rechallenge is contraindicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"S641-S644"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Syphilis in an Infant at a Nigerian Hospital.","authors":"Olusola Adetunji Oyedeji, Olanike Taye Oladibu, Temitope Ajibola Oyelami, Mayowa Mary Adetoye, Gbemiga Olorunfemi Osawu, Victor Idowu Joel-Medewase, Efeturi Agelebe","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_122_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_122_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>A 2-month-old male infant was diagnosed as having congenital syphilis at the Outpatient children's Clinic at LAUTECH, Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso. He was delivered at a primary health center with an abnormally shaped nose and oval flesh-like swelling adjacent to the lateral wall of the left nostril. Over the first 2 months of life, he developed a slowly progressive swelling around the wrist. Despite several courses of antibiotics prescribed by several doctors at both tertiary and private hospitals, for an unknown illness, he did not get better. The mother of the infant referred her infant close to the postnatal age of 3 months. The case and the challenges encountered in making a diagnosis and management are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"S596-S599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COQ8A-related Primary Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency Mimicking Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Syndrome: A Pediatric Case Report and Review of Mitochondrial Mimics.","authors":"Suram Bharath Reddy, Avinash Daru, Vineeta Pande, Shiji Chalipat, Pachipulusu Bala Venkata Subrrahmanya Sai","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_180_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_180_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Mitochondrial disorders are multisystem diseases associated with wide phenotypic variability and significant morbidity. Clinical manifestations include asymptomatic carrier states, cardiac conduction abnormalities, hearing loss with or without diabetes, maternally inherited diabetes and deafness, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like (MELAS) syndrome are some of the varied symptoms. A 12-year-old male patient presented with a 7-day history of refractory seizures (20-25 episodes daily) each lasting for 5-10 seconds, characterized by right-sided ocular and facial deviation for which he was evaluated, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed gyriform hyperintense signal in the left temporoparietofrontal cortex, right occipital cortex and right posterior temporal cortex, on T2-weighted/FLAIR, appearing hypointense on T1-weighted images,with diffusion-weighted image (DWI) and low apparent diffusion coefficient values.. Ill-defined hyperintense signal noted in bilateral gray matter and juxtacortical white matter on T2W1/FLAIR, appearing T1 hypointense without diffusion restriction on DWI, likely due to gliosis. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform revealed a pathogenic variant in the COQ8A gene associated with primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Post-WES report, the child was started on supplements as per the report, and over time, seizure episodes reduced and the patient was discharged. Primary Q10 deficiency due to COQ8A mutation can present with MELAS and refractory seizures. Recognition of mitochondrial stroke mimics and early genetic diagnosis are essential to guide metabolic therapy and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"S464-S467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant, Multilobulated Spindle Cell Lipoma of the Ankle in a Middle-aged Female: An Extremely Rare Presentation.","authors":"Prashant Pawar, Selvi Khajanchi, Shashank Satish Ugile, Jiyad Salim Mujawar, Nishesh Dewangan","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_872_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_872_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Spindle cell lipoma is a rare benign adipocytic neoplasm typically occurring in the posterior neck and back of middle-aged males. Its occurrence in the ankle region, particularly in females, represents an extremely rare presentation with only sporadic case reports documented in the literature. We report the case of a 41-year-old female who presented with a 7-year history of painless anterior ankle swelling following trauma. Physical examination revealed a 7 cm × 5 cm firm, nontender mass with preserved ankle function and normal neurovascular status. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a well-circumscribed, multilobulated, juxta-articular lesion measuring 96 mm × 61 mm × 47 mm with characteristic fat-intense signals, areas of cystic degeneration, and displacement of surrounding tendons and vessels. The lesion comprised two distinct polypoidal components causing splaying of the tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus tendons. Marginal excision was performed under regional anesthesia, revealing a well-encapsulated, multilobulated mass easily separable from surrounding structures. Histopathological examination showed mature adipocytes intermingled with bland spindle cells within dense collagen bundles and myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed CD34 positivity in spindle cells and S-100 negativity, confirming the diagnosis of spindle cell lipoma. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, with no evidence of local recurrence or functional deficit at 18-month follow-up. This case represents the first documented giant, multilobulated spindle cell lipoma of the ankle in a female patient. The presentation highlights the importance of considering spindle cell lipoma in the differential diagnosis of soft-tissue masses in atypical locations, particularly in female patients where unusual presentations are more common. While MRI provides valuable preoperative information, definitive diagnosis requires histopathological and immunohistochemical confirmation. Complete marginal excision offers excellent prognosis with minimal recurrence risk, reinforcing the benign nature of these lesions even in atypical presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"S441-S446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147961931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report Bilateral Retinal Vasculitis: A Vision-threatening Flare of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.","authors":"Lokisha Chandwani, Siddhartha Gollamudi, Renu Magdum, Himani Yadav","doi":"10.4103/aam.aam_216_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aam.aam_216_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Retinal vasculitis is a rare but severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that can lead to profound visual morbidity if not promptly recognized and aggressively managed. We report a case of a 21-year-old female with a history of SLE diagnosed in 2023 with mucocutaneous and hematological involvement, who presented with bilateral vision-threatening retinal vasculitis following a 2-year period of noncompliance with immunosuppressive therapy. The patient initially experienced low-grade fever for 5 months, followed by a generalized tonic-clonic seizure and progressive bilateral painless visual deterioration over 15 days, accompanied by dyspnea on exertion and oral ulcers. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral retinal vasculitis with macular edema, retinal hemorrhages, vascular sheathing, and extensive capillary nonperfusion on optical coherence tomography angiography. Visual acuity at presentation was 6/36 in the right eye and finger counting at close to face in the left eye. Systemic investigations confirmed active SLE with anemia, elevated inflammatory markers, and positive antinuclear antibodies. The patient was managed with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone for 3 days followed by oral prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, and hydroxychloroquine, along with sectoral laser photocoagulation for ischemic areas. After treatment, significant improvement was observed with resolution of hemorrhages, decreased macular edema, improved visual acuity to 6/12 bilaterally, and reduction in capillary dropout areas. This case emphasizes the critical importance of multidisciplinary management and strict adherence to immunosuppressive therapy in SLE patients to prevent sight-threatening complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7938,"journal":{"name":"Annals of African Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"S455-S459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}