Solar Physics最新文献

{"title":"Wide-Field Image Restoration of G-Band and Ca ii K Images Containing Large and Complex Active Regions","authors":"Robert Kamlah,&nbsp;Meetu Verma,&nbsp;Carsten Denker,&nbsp;Ioannis Kontogiannis,&nbsp;Alexander G. M. Pietrow,&nbsp;Jürgen Rendtel,&nbsp;Emily Lößnitz,&nbsp;Arooj Faryad,&nbsp;Reiner Volkmer,&nbsp;Rolf Schlichenmaier,&nbsp;Thomas Berkefeld,&nbsp;Miguel Esteves,&nbsp;Olivier Grassin,&nbsp;Markus Roth","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02472-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02472-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Restoration of solar images to achieve near diffraction-limited spatial resolution is commonly implemented on large-aperture solar telescopes. However, the extent of the restored field-of-view is typically only 100^′′ or even smaller. This study reports on wide-field image restoration of G-band and Ca <span>ii</span> K images obtained with the 0.7-meter Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT) at Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. The Kiepenheuer Adaptive Optics System (KAOS) at the VTT provides a field-of-view with a diameter of 270^′′. Time series of datasets with 100 images were acquired with a large-format (7920 × 6004 pixels) CMOS imager at a frame rate of 30 Hz. An experimental optical setup that enabled wide-field imaging is briefly presented. Results from speckle-masking imaging and Multi-Frame Blind Deconvolution (MFBD) demonstrate the unique potential of the VTT for wide-field imaging. Power spectral analysis quantifies the instrument performance as a function of time and with distance from the lock point of the AO system. Further science capabilities are established using Local Correlation Tracking (LCT), Background-subtracted Solar Activity Maps (BaSAMs), and image quality/seeing metrics. In summary, commercial off-the-shelf camera systems can become an asset to sub-meter-class solar telescopes and open up new science opportunities at the interface between large-aperture and synoptic solar telescopes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obituary: Tadashi Hirayama (1934 – 2025)","authors":"Takashi Sakurai,&nbsp;Kazunari Shibata","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02479-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02479-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test and Calibration of the Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) on Board Aditya-L1","authors":"Janmejoy Sarkar,&nbsp;V. N. Nived,&nbsp;Soumya Roy,&nbsp;Rushikesh Deogaonkar,&nbsp;Sreejith Padinhatteeri,&nbsp;A. Raja Bayanna,&nbsp;Ravi Kesharwani,&nbsp;A. N. Ramaprakash,&nbsp;Durgesh Tripathi,&nbsp;Rahul Gopalakrishnan,&nbsp;Bhushan Joshi,&nbsp;Sakya Sinha,&nbsp;Mahesh Burse,&nbsp;Manoj Varma,&nbsp;Anurag Tyagi,&nbsp;Reena Yadav,&nbsp;Chaitanya Rajarshi,&nbsp;H. N. Adithya,&nbsp;Abhijit Adoni,&nbsp;Gazi A. Ahmed,&nbsp;Dipankar Banerjee,&nbsp;Rani Bhandare,&nbsp;Bhargava Ram B.S.,&nbsp;Kalpesh Chillal,&nbsp;Pravin Chordia,&nbsp;Avyarthana Ghosh,&nbsp;Girish Gouda,&nbsp;Anand Jain,&nbsp;Melvin James,&nbsp;Evangeline Leeja Justin,&nbsp;Deepak Kathait,&nbsp;Aafaque Khan,&nbsp;Pravin Khodade,&nbsp;Abhay Kohok,&nbsp;Akshay Kulkarni,&nbsp;Ghanshyam Kumar,&nbsp;Nidhi Mehandiratta,&nbsp;Vilas Mestry,&nbsp;Deepa Modi,&nbsp;Srikanth Motamarri,&nbsp;K. Nagaraju,&nbsp;Dibyendu Nandy,&nbsp;S. Narendra,&nbsp;Sonal Navle,&nbsp;Nashiket Parate,&nbsp;Sujit Punnadi,&nbsp;A. Ravi,&nbsp;K. Sankarasubramanian,&nbsp;Ghulam Sarvar,&nbsp;Nigar Shaji,&nbsp;Sami K. Solanki,&nbsp;Rethika T,&nbsp;Koushal Vadodariya,&nbsp;D. R. Veeresha,&nbsp;R. Venkateswaran","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02468-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02468-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) on board the Aditya-L1 mission observes the Sun in the 200 – 400 nm wavelength range. This paper presents the results of various on-ground and on-board tests and their comparison with the specifications. Moreover, we also present the scheme for data calibration. We demonstrate that the test results are compliant with the specified numbers, except the spatial resolution. Such discrepancy will limit the photometric measurements only, at a scale of 2.2^′′ instead of 1.4^′′ as originally envisioned. The results obtained here show that SUIT observations open a new window for solar observations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASO-S Mission: Inflight Performance and First Results","authors":"W. Q. Gan,&nbsp;John Leibacher,&nbsp;Cristina H. Mandrini,&nbsp;Lidia van Driel-Gesztelyi","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02473-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02473-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>China’s first comprehensive solar physics mission, the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), was successfully launched on 9 October 2022. The mission focuses on exploring the connections between the solar magnetic field, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). ASO-S carries three instruments: the Full-disk solar vector MagnetoGraph (FMG), the solar Hard X-ray Imager (HXI), and the Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST). The unique combination of these payloads allows simultaneous observations of the vector magnetic field of the full Sun, high-energy imaging spectroscopy of solar flares, and formation and evolution of CMEs on the disk and in the inner corona. This topical collection, along with other publications, provides an overview of ASO-S’s achievements over the first one and a half years, including mission validation, payload calibration, data flow description, analysis software demonstration, and numerous investigations based on ASO-S observed data. We hope this collection will be valuable for researchers seeking to understand the mission or utilize the data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sunrise Ultraviolet Spectropolarimeter and Imager: Standalone Polarimetric Calibration","authors":"F. A. Iglesias,&nbsp;A. Feller,&nbsp;A. Gandorfer,&nbsp;T. L. Riethmüller,&nbsp;A. Korpi-Lagg,&nbsp;S. K. Solanki,&nbsp;Y. Katsukawa,&nbsp;M. Kubo,&nbsp;M. Sánchez Toledo","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02470-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02470-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Sunrise</span> is a 1-m optical solar observatory carried aloft by a stratospheric balloon. It was developed to study magnetic fields and plasma flows in the solar atmosphere with very high spatial resolution and sensitivity. The <span>Sunrise</span> UV Spectropolarimeter and Imager (SUSI) operates in the 309 – 417 nm range, covering thousands of spectral lines that are poorly accessible from the ground and largely unexplored. The instrument includes a dual-beam polarimeter based on a rotating waveplate, a polarization beam splitter and two custom-made CMOS cameras. SUSI gathers data at high spectral, spatial and temporal resolution. These data are stored onboard during flight. Given that SUSI does not include a polarimetric calibration unit onboard, its polarimetric demodulation matrix is estimated during laboratory calibration measurements prior to its flight. The quality of this calibration is crucial to accurately demodulate the data post-flight and reach the instrument’s maximum polarimetric sensitivity goal of <span>(1times 10^{-3})</span> of the continuum intensity. In this paper, we report the results of eighth polarimetric calibrations of SUSI standalone, acquired at six different wavelengths using artificial LED light sources. The field-dependant demodulation matrices obtained are within the values expected from the design, including their polarimetric efficiencies and temporal stability. The matrices are also confirmed to satisfy the calibration repeatability criterion imposed by the SUSI sensitivity goal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-025-02470-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral Cross-Calibrations of ASO-S/HXI with Other X-ray Missions","authors":"Zhentong Li,&nbsp;Yang Su,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Wei Chen,&nbsp;Fu Yu,&nbsp;Weiqun Gan","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02465-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02465-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cross-calibration of X-ray instruments is crucial for stereoscopic studies of solar hard X-ray directivity and three-dimensional morphology, where spectral and imaging differences observed from multiple perspectives provide critical constraints. We present the preliminary results of the spectral calibrations of ASO-S/HXI through internal consistency checks of its three total flux detectors and cross-calibrations with Solar Orbiter/STIX, Fermi/GBM, and Konus-Wind data. Both calibration tests suggest that the response matrix of one of the HXI total flux monitors, D94 (with a thin aluminum window), needs to be modified. The new response matrix is determined by testing the series of response matrices with changing effective aluminum thickness through simulations. Post-correction analysis reveals <span>(sim 88%)</span> of co-observed events demonstrate electron spectral index consistency within <span>(pm 0.5)</span>, while comparisons of the total counts above 30 keV show &lt; 10% differences for STIX-HXI flares with separation angles &lt; 20° and Fermi-observed moderate flares. Though challenges persist regarding detector response uncertainties, the pile-up effect, and other nonideal factors, the achieved inter-instrument consistency enables quantitative electron anisotropy investigations through joint spectral analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-025-02465-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nonlinear Surface Inflows into Activity Belts on Solar Cycle Modulation","authors":"Mohammed H. Talafha,&nbsp;Kristóf Petrovay,&nbsp;Andrea Opitz","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02466-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02466-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Converging flows are visible around bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs) on the solar surface, according to observations. Average flows are created by these inflows combined, and the strength of these flows depends on the amount of flux present during the solar cycle. In models of the solar cycle, this average flow can be depicted as perturbations to the meridional flow. In this article, we study the effects of introducing surface inflow to the surface flux transport models (SFT) as a possible nonlinear mechanism in the presence of latitude quenching for an inflow profile whose amplitude varies within a cycle depending on the magnetic activity. Using a grid based on one-dimensional SFT models, we methodically investigate the extent of the nonlinearity caused by inflows, latitude quenching (LQ), and their combinations. The results show that including surface inflows in the model in the presence of both LQ and tilt quenching (TQ) produced a polar field within a <span>(pm 1sigma )</span> of an average cycle polar field (<span>(sigma )</span> is the standard deviation) with a correlation coefficient of 0.85. We confirm that including inflows produces a lower net contribution to the dipole moment (10 – 25%). Furthermore, the relative importance of LQ vs. inflows is inversely correlated with the dynamo effectivity range (<span>(lambda _{R})</span>). With no decay term, introducing inflows into the model results in a less significant net contribution to the dipole moment. Including inflows in the SFT model shows a possible nonlinear relationship between the surface inflows and the solar dipole moment, suggesting a potential nonlinear mechanism contributing to the saturation of the global dynamo. For lower <span>(lambda _{R})</span> (<span>(lessapprox 10^{circ })</span>), TQ always dominates LQ, and for higher <span>(lambda _{R})</span>, LQ dominates. However, including inflows makes the domination earlier in case of having a decay term in the model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-025-02466-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Vertical Current Evolution for the X9.3 Flare on 6 September 2017","authors":"Haili Li,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Deng,&nbsp;Hongfei Liang,&nbsp;Xinping Zhou,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Zhongquan Qu","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02467-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02467-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article, we examine the morphological evolution and current distribution of the X9.3-class flare on 6 September 2017 that occurred in the active region (AR) 12673. We combine the high-resolution observations of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) instruments on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The vertical current intensity and the soft X-ray flux within the active region showed two peaks, corresponding, respectively, to the X2.2 and X9.3 flares on that day, while the latter constituted a more significant increase. A pair of conjugate current ribbons appeared at the same locations consistent with the two ribbons of the flare. These current ribbons underwent sustained and significant changes during the X9.3 flare eruption. In the early period of the flare, there was a substantial decrease in the area of the current ribbons, resulting in the emergence of a series of high-density small current islands. During the later phase, not only did the area of the currents rapidly increase, but also the flare kernels evolved into two flare bands along the sheared magnetic neutral line in the photosphere. The AIA 1600 Å and 304 Å images revealed that the two ribbons of the X9.3 flare formed from small bright kernels. It was also observed that the positions of the flare kernels closely matched those of the current islands. Based on the vertical current distribution and evolution near the highly sheared core field region during the X9.3 flare, we conclude that this flare eruption should be attributed to tether-cutting magnetic reconnection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi-Viewpoint CME Catalog Based on SoloHI Observed Events","authors":"Cecilia Mac Cormack,&nbsp;Shaheda B. Shaik,&nbsp;Phillip Hess,&nbsp;Robin Colaninno,&nbsp;Teresa Nieves-Chinchilla","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02463-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02463-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are significant drivers of geomagnetic activity, and understanding these structures is critical to developing and improving forecasting tools for space weather. The Solar Orbiter (SolO) mission, with its comprehensive set of remote sensing and in-situ instruments, along with its unique orbit, is significantly advancing the study of the CMEs and other structures in the heliosphere. A critical contribution to the study of CMEs by SolO is the observations from the Solar Orbiter Heliospheric Imager (SoloHI). SoloHI observes photospheric visible light, which is scattered by electrons in the solar wind, and provides high-resolution observations of the corona and heliosphere. The resolution and vantage point offered by SoloHI make it uniquely well-suited to study CME evolution in the heliosphere. To contribute to the science goals of SolO, we present the initial release of a living CME catalog based on SoloHI observations during its initial years of observations, with a multi-viewpoint focus. We catalog 140 events detected by SoloHI during the period of January 2022 until April 2023. For each event detected by SoloHI, we present available in-situ data and remote sensing observations detected by other missions. With the available observations, we identify the source region of the CME and describe its main characteristics, track the CME through the coronagraphs and heliospheric imagers, and provide in-situ detection when possible. We also provide a morphological classification and observations quality parameter based on the SoloHI observations. Additionally, we cross-check with other available CME catalogs and link to the event description provided by the Space Weather Database Of Notifications, Knowledge, Information (DONKI) catalog, developed at the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC). In this article, we describe the features of the SoloHI CME catalog and the methods used to generate the entries. We also present a statistical study of the morphological classification of the cataloged CMEs in the SoloHI observations, building up on the previous studies that classify the events observed by LASCO coronagraphs. We provide various observing scenarios with SoloHI observations to demonstrate the contribution that this catalog offers to the scientific community to explore the new observing viewpoint of CMEs with the SolO mission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-025-02463-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude Prediction of Solar Cycle 26 Using a New Precursor Approach","authors":"Mohammed Akram Zermane,&nbsp;Nadia Oulebsir,&nbsp;Mohamed Reda Bekli,&nbsp;Zahir Belhadi,&nbsp;Katia Becheker,&nbsp;Abdeldjalil Zaidi,&nbsp;Abdelghani Hadj Hammou","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02459-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02459-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A long-term prediction approach for solar cycles is proposed by including the century-scale modulation in the SODA (Solar Dynamo Amplitude) and XSODA (Extended Solar Dynamo Amplitude) indices of Schatten and Pesnell, MSODA and MXSODA. Additionally, we also introduce a new technique, the minimal fluctuation method, to reduce temporal fluctuations. By combining this method with MSODA, we predict that Solar Cycle 26 will reach a maximum sunspot number of <span>(109.14pm 32.92)</span> in the year <span>(2035.3 pm 2.3)</span>. Using MXSODA, the most reliable indicator, the peak is expected to reach a maximum amplitude of <span>(160.70pm 47.83)</span> on the same date.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}