H \(\alpha \)线中埃勒曼炸弹的自动探测

IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Arooj Faryad, Alexander G. M. Pietrow, Meetu Verma, Carsten Denker
{"title":"H \\(\\alpha \\)线中埃勒曼炸弹的自动探测","authors":"Arooj Faryad,&nbsp;Alexander G. M. Pietrow,&nbsp;Meetu Verma,&nbsp;Carsten Denker","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02534-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ellerman bombs (EBs) are small and short-lived magnetic reconnection events in the lower solar atmosphere, most commonly reported in the line wings of the H<span>\\(\\alpha \\)</span> line. These events are thought to play a role in heating the solar chromosphere and corona, but their size, short lifetime, and similarity to other brightenings make them difficult to detect. We aim to automatically detect and statistically analyze EBs at different heliocentric angles to find trends in their physical properties. We developed an automated EB detection pipeline based on a star-finding algorithm. This pipeline was used on ten high-resolution H<span>\\(\\alpha \\)</span> datasets from the 1-meter Swedish Solar Telescope (SST). This pipeline identifies and tracks EBs in time, while separating them from visually similar pseudo-EBs. It returns key parameters such as size, contrast, lifetime, and occurrence rates based on a dynamic threshold and the more classical static ‘contrast threshold’ of 1.5 times the mean quiet-Sun (QS) intensity. For our dynamic threshold we found a total of 2257 EBs from 28,772 individual detections across our datasets. On average, the full detection set exhibits an area of 0.44 arcsec<sup>2</sup> (0.37 Mm<sup>2</sup>), a peak intensity contrast of 1.4 relative to the QS, and a median lifetime of 2.3 min. The stricter threshold yielded 549 EBs from 15,997 detections, with a higher median area of 0.66 arcsec<sup>2</sup> (0.57 Mm<sup>2</sup>), an intensity contrast of 1.7, and a median lifetime of 3 min. These comparisons highlight the sensitivity of EB statistics to selection thresholds and motivate further work towards consistent EB definitions. Several long-lived EBs were observed with lifetimes exceeding one hour. While the EB intensity contrast increases towards the limb, no clear trends were found between the other EB parameters and the heliocentric angle, suggesting that the local magnetic complexity and evolutionary stage dominate EB properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Automatic Detection of Ellerman Bombs in the H\\\\(\\\\alpha \\\\) Line\",\"authors\":\"Arooj Faryad,&nbsp;Alexander G. M. Pietrow,&nbsp;Meetu Verma,&nbsp;Carsten Denker\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11207-025-02534-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Ellerman bombs (EBs) are small and short-lived magnetic reconnection events in the lower solar atmosphere, most commonly reported in the line wings of the H<span>\\\\(\\\\alpha \\\\)</span> line. These events are thought to play a role in heating the solar chromosphere and corona, but their size, short lifetime, and similarity to other brightenings make them difficult to detect. We aim to automatically detect and statistically analyze EBs at different heliocentric angles to find trends in their physical properties. We developed an automated EB detection pipeline based on a star-finding algorithm. This pipeline was used on ten high-resolution H<span>\\\\(\\\\alpha \\\\)</span> datasets from the 1-meter Swedish Solar Telescope (SST). This pipeline identifies and tracks EBs in time, while separating them from visually similar pseudo-EBs. It returns key parameters such as size, contrast, lifetime, and occurrence rates based on a dynamic threshold and the more classical static ‘contrast threshold’ of 1.5 times the mean quiet-Sun (QS) intensity. For our dynamic threshold we found a total of 2257 EBs from 28,772 individual detections across our datasets. On average, the full detection set exhibits an area of 0.44 arcsec<sup>2</sup> (0.37 Mm<sup>2</sup>), a peak intensity contrast of 1.4 relative to the QS, and a median lifetime of 2.3 min. The stricter threshold yielded 549 EBs from 15,997 detections, with a higher median area of 0.66 arcsec<sup>2</sup> (0.57 Mm<sup>2</sup>), an intensity contrast of 1.7, and a median lifetime of 3 min. These comparisons highlight the sensitivity of EB statistics to selection thresholds and motivate further work towards consistent EB definitions. Several long-lived EBs were observed with lifetimes exceeding one hour. While the EB intensity contrast increases towards the limb, no clear trends were found between the other EB parameters and the heliocentric angle, suggesting that the local magnetic complexity and evolutionary stage dominate EB properties.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":777,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Solar Physics\",\"volume\":\"300 9\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Solar Physics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-025-02534-9\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Solar Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-025-02534-9","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

埃勒曼炸弹(EBs)是发生在太阳低层大气中的小而短暂的磁重联事件,最常报道的是H \(\alpha \)线的线翼。这些事件被认为在加热太阳色球层和日冕方面起着作用,但它们的大小,寿命短,以及与其他增亮的相似性使得它们很难被探测到。我们的目标是自动检测和统计分析不同日心角的电子粒子,以发现其物理性质的趋势。我们开发了一个基于寻星算法的EB自动探测管道。该管道被用于10个来自1米瑞典太阳望远镜(SST)的高分辨率H \(\alpha \)数据集。该管道及时识别和跟踪EBs,同时将它们与视觉上相似的伪EBs分开。它根据动态阈值和更经典的静态“对比度阈值”(平均安静太阳(QS)强度的1.5倍)返回关键参数,如大小、对比度、寿命和发生率。对于我们的动态阈值,我们从数据集中的28,772个单独检测中发现了总共2257个EBs。平均而言,整个检测集的面积为0.44 arcsec2 (0.37 Mm2),相对于QS的峰值强度对比度为1.4,中位寿命为2.3 min。更严格的阈值从15,997个检测中产生549个EBs,中位面积为0.66 arcsec2 (0.57 Mm2),强度对比为1.7,中位寿命为3分钟。这些比较突出了EB统计对选择阈值的敏感性,并激励进一步努力实现一致的EB定义。观测到几个寿命超过1小时的长EBs。EB的强度对比在近端增大,但其他参数与日心角之间没有明显的变化趋势,表明局地磁复杂性和演化阶段主导着EB的性质。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Automatic Detection of Ellerman Bombs in the H\(\alpha \) Line

Automatic Detection of Ellerman Bombs in the H\(\alpha \) Line

Automatic Detection of Ellerman Bombs in the H\(\alpha \) Line

Ellerman bombs (EBs) are small and short-lived magnetic reconnection events in the lower solar atmosphere, most commonly reported in the line wings of the H\(\alpha \) line. These events are thought to play a role in heating the solar chromosphere and corona, but their size, short lifetime, and similarity to other brightenings make them difficult to detect. We aim to automatically detect and statistically analyze EBs at different heliocentric angles to find trends in their physical properties. We developed an automated EB detection pipeline based on a star-finding algorithm. This pipeline was used on ten high-resolution H\(\alpha \) datasets from the 1-meter Swedish Solar Telescope (SST). This pipeline identifies and tracks EBs in time, while separating them from visually similar pseudo-EBs. It returns key parameters such as size, contrast, lifetime, and occurrence rates based on a dynamic threshold and the more classical static ‘contrast threshold’ of 1.5 times the mean quiet-Sun (QS) intensity. For our dynamic threshold we found a total of 2257 EBs from 28,772 individual detections across our datasets. On average, the full detection set exhibits an area of 0.44 arcsec2 (0.37 Mm2), a peak intensity contrast of 1.4 relative to the QS, and a median lifetime of 2.3 min. The stricter threshold yielded 549 EBs from 15,997 detections, with a higher median area of 0.66 arcsec2 (0.57 Mm2), an intensity contrast of 1.7, and a median lifetime of 3 min. These comparisons highlight the sensitivity of EB statistics to selection thresholds and motivate further work towards consistent EB definitions. Several long-lived EBs were observed with lifetimes exceeding one hour. While the EB intensity contrast increases towards the limb, no clear trends were found between the other EB parameters and the heliocentric angle, suggesting that the local magnetic complexity and evolutionary stage dominate EB properties.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Solar Physics
Solar Physics 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
17.90%
发文量
146
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Solar Physics was founded in 1967 and is the principal journal for the publication of the results of fundamental research on the Sun. The journal treats all aspects of solar physics, ranging from the internal structure of the Sun and its evolution to the outer corona and solar wind in interplanetary space. Papers on solar-terrestrial physics and on stellar research are also published when their results have a direct bearing on our understanding of the Sun.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信