American Journal of Botany最新文献_第10页

A leaf phenomics approach for estimating belowground traits in North American licorice. 用叶片表型学方法估计北美甘草地下性状。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

American Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-02 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70198

Zachary N Harris, Vivian Tran, Emelyn Piotter, Meredith T Hanlon, Matthew J Rubin, Allison J Miller

{"title":"A leaf phenomics approach for estimating belowground traits in North American licorice.","authors":"Zachary N Harris, Vivian Tran, Emelyn Piotter, Meredith T Hanlon, Matthew J Rubin, Allison J Miller","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70198","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70198","url":null,"abstract":"Premise: Selective breeding over thousands of years has prioritized aboveground yield, with little regard for changes belowground. Roots underpin plant growth and resilience, but our knowledge of these critical structures lags behind that of aboveground structures. Accurately phenotyping root traits is labor-intensive, expensive, and often destructive. High-throughput, nondestructive methods are required to advance understanding of the fundamental biology of root systems and to integrate hard-to-measure root traits into breeding programs.Methods: We used American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh.), a perennial legume with a rich ethnobotanical history, as a model to investigate root system phenotypes. We assessed root traits across multiple populations, analyzed relationships between above- and belowground phenotypes, and tested the use of multidimensional leaf traits, including spectral reflectance, in predicting root traits.Results: Root traits of American licorice varied significantly across source populations. Root traits were strongly intercorrelated and each root trait correlated with an aboveground phenotype. Leaf spectral reflectance and elemental composition predicted belowground traits; however, interpretation of some trait-specific signals were complicated by isometric scaling between plant size and root traits.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the use of high-dimensional leaf traits as a proxy for root traits, with potential applications for understanding foundational questions in plant biology and in breeding programs targeting belowground structures of perennial herbaceous species. Further optimization and larger studies are needed to improve predictive models.","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13206565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Manifold limits on seed production by individual flowering plants. 单株开花植物产生种子的多种限制。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

American Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-14 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70204

Lawrence D Harder, Nathaniel J Hamnett-Mount

{"title":"Manifold limits on seed production by individual flowering plants.","authors":"Lawrence D Harder, Nathaniel J Hamnett-Mount","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70204","url":null,"abstract":"Premise: Historically, angiosperm seed production has been considered to be either pollen or resource limited. However, seed production involves more than pollen and seed resources and typically involves multiple ovules in multiple flowers. Therefore, various constraints may act simultaneously.Methods: Proportional components of seed production were assessed for rapid-cycling Brassica rapa plants on which 25, 50, 75, or 100% of flowers were hand outcrossed.Results: Fruit set increased in a decelerating manner with the percentage of pollinated flowers. For all treatments, only flowers pollinated early on plants produced fruit, although the transition to complete fruiting failure was delayed on poorly pollinated plants. Despite stigmas receiving abundant pollen, only 61% of ovules in pollinated flowers were fertilized, on average. Fertilization success varied within ovaries, with more fertilization of apical ovules in flowers on plants with 75% of pollinated flowers, but more fertilization of basal ovules with 25% pollination. Per-flower fertilization also varied positively with ovule number and the number of basal fruits and negatively with flower position. Almost all fertilized ovules developed into seeds, so variation in seed set depended primarily on the effects on ovule fertilization.Conclusions: Regardless of pollination treatment, seed production by all plants was jointly limited by both pollen and availability of seed resources and possibly by ovule infertility/receptivity. A simple model demonstrates that such co-limitation can be adaptive if plants produce excess flowers. Interacting effects of the proportion of pollinated flowers and anthesis day on fruit set are consistent with hormonal mediation of resource distribution among fruits.","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13206284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147939908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecological niche modeling reveals habitat differentiation and climatic vulnerability in two imperiled, sympatric southern Appalachian carnivorous plants. 生态位模型揭示了两种濒危的南阿巴拉契亚同域食肉植物的生境分化和气候脆弱性。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

American Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70194

Nicholas J Chang, Lauren Eserman, Amanda Carmichael, Adam B Smith, Xingwen Loy, Emily E D Coffey, James Ojascastro

{"title":"Ecological niche modeling reveals habitat differentiation and climatic vulnerability in two imperiled, sympatric southern Appalachian carnivorous plants.","authors":"Nicholas J Chang, Lauren Eserman, Amanda Carmichael, Adam B Smith, Xingwen Loy, Emily E D Coffey, James Ojascastro","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70194","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70194","url":null,"abstract":"Premise: Understanding the habitat requirements of imperiled flora is critical for informing ex situ conservation practices, designing effective reintroduction strategies, and understanding how climate change will impact such species, especially in montane regions with high levels of environmental heterogeneity. In southern Appalachia, USA, the mountain sweet pitcher plant (Sarracenia rubra subsp. jonesii) and mountain purple pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea var. montana) inhabit overlapping ranges. These taxa rarely co-occur in the same mountain bogs but frequently hybridize at sites where they do co-occur.Methods: We assessed patterns of climatic niche differentiation in these imperiled taxa to explore whether they naturally co-occur or may have been brought into secondary contact through human translocations. In addition, we constructed ecological niche models to evaluate the comparative availability of suitable habitat for each taxon under present and future climates.Results: Sarracenia purpurea var. montana inhabits higher elevation habitats than Sarracenia rubra subsp. jonesii, and these differences in elevation correspond with differences in climatic niche. Under the most likely future climate scenario, models predicted that habitat matching the climatic niche of Sarracenia rubra subsp. jonesii will decline in area by 95% by 2080, while habitat matching the climatic niche of Sarracenia purpurea var. montana will increase in area by 13%.Conclusions: Despite high spatial overlap, these two related taxa exhibit divergent climatic niches, resulting in highly different management needs and conservation approaches. We raise concerns about the future of mountain bog plant assemblages, and the rare species they include, under climate change.","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13206205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary histories and taxonomy of the long-associated North American legume genera Psorodendron and Psorothamnus. 系统基因组学解决了长期相关的北美豆科属Psorodendron和Psorothamnus的进化历史和分类。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

American Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70193

Martin F Wojciechowski, Sara Carvalho Madrigal, Gwilym P Lewis, María José Sanín

{"title":"Phylogenomics resolves the evolutionary histories and taxonomy of the long-associated North American legume genera Psorodendron and Psorothamnus.","authors":"Martin F Wojciechowski, Sara Carvalho Madrigal, Gwilym P Lewis, María José Sanín","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70193","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70193","url":null,"abstract":"Premise: The genus Psorothamnus sensu Barneby consists of nine species distributed across the deserts and basins of southwestern North America. Studies have suggested Psorothamnus is paraphyletic, separated into two clades essentially corresponding to Rydberg's original concepts of Psorothamnus and Psorodendron. We sought to fully resolve their relationships to understand their evolutionary histories, current geographic distributions, and the timing of diversification of their constituent taxa.Methods: We sampled and phylogenetically analyzed sequences of 148 low-copy nuclear loci from 82 accessions of all recognized taxa of Psorothamnus sensu Barneby to clearly identify species and their relationships. We also estimated divergence times of these lineages for comparison to related groups. Genetic analyses of single-nucleotide polymorphisms called from these loci were used to identify the genetic structure of the taxa resolved in these two genera.Results: Our phylogenomic analyses yielded a highly resolved, well-supported hypothesis of evolutionary relationships that establishes Psorodendron Rydb. and Psorothamnus Rydb. as reciprocally monophyletic, independent genera. Allopatry is common between populations, nevertheless, population genomic analyses revealed, in some cases, admixture between populations of closely related taxa. A time-calibrated phylogeny indicates a late Oligocene divergence between these and related genera, with late-Miocene divergences among species.Conclusions: The genomic results presented here substantiate a taxonomic revision of several of the species and varieties of both Psorodendron Rydb. and Psorothamnus Rydb. Both genera diversified since the Miocene in the deserts and intermountain basins of southwestern North America suggesting their antiquity and persistence in these regions.","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeds of annual and perennial populations of Mimulus guttatus exhibit differential responses to cold stratification. 麻瓜一年生和多年生种群的种子对冷分层的响应不同。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

American Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-02 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70199

Alec Chiono, Elisabeth Sellinger, Nancy C Emery

{"title":"Seeds of annual and perennial populations of Mimulus guttatus exhibit differential responses to cold stratification.","authors":"Alec Chiono, Elisabeth Sellinger, Nancy C Emery","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70199","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70199","url":null,"abstract":"Premise: Life history theory predicts that temporal variation in fitness can select for either persistence in the seed bank or iteroparity, but rarely both simultaneously. However, this prediction has not been explicitly evaluated by testing for a negative relationship between these two life history traits.Methods: We conducted a germination experiment to measure the extent of seed persistence in semelparous and iteroparous populations of Mimulus guttatus across a factorial combination of cold stratification and water potential treatments. We performed a tetrazolium assay on all seeds that did not germinate to quantify seed persistence (i.e., viable seeds that did not germinate).Results: Semelparous seeds were more likely to persist than iteroparous seeds only in the absence of cold stratification in two of the three water potential treatments; there was no difference at the lowest water potential treatment because almost all seeds persisted. These differences in seed persistence reversed or disappeared when seeds were cold stratified because cold stratification surprisingly increased seed persistence in iteroparous seeds. There was substantial variation in cold stratification responses among seed families within populations of both ecotypes.Conclusions: Contrasting responses to cold stratification between semelparous and iteroparous plants and notable within-population variation in these responses complicated the otherwise simple relationship that life history theory predicts between seed persistence and iteroparity. In addition, this study has practical implications for M. guttatus research, which often uses cold stratification to increase germination proportions; this treatment, our results show, does not always have this effect.","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the African arid corridor hypothesis: A meta-analysis including the phylogenetic and biogeographical history of Sesamothamnus. 非洲干旱走廊假说的评估：包括芝麻猴系统发育和生物地理历史的荟萃分析。

IF 2.8 2区生物学

American Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70192

John G Zaborsky, Jeffrey P Rose, Ricardo Kriebel, Bryan T Drew, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R Lemmon, Kenneth J Sytsma

{"title":"Evaluating the African arid corridor hypothesis: A meta-analysis including the phylogenetic and biogeographical history of Sesamothamnus.","authors":"John G Zaborsky, Jeffrey P Rose, Ricardo Kriebel, Bryan T Drew, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R Lemmon, Kenneth J Sytsma","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70192","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70192","url":null,"abstract":"Premise: We examined the African arid corridor (AAC) disjunction pattern of vascular plants between northeastern and southwestern Africa in the context of geological and climatic events since the late Miocene. We developed a phylogenetic and biogeographical framework for the arid-adapted genus Sesamothamnus (Pedaliaceae), a classic example of the AAC disjunction pattern.Methods: A phylogenetic tree based on next-generation sequencing of 512 nuclear genes and entire plastomes for all species of Sesamothamnus was time calibrated. Parsimony analyses were employed for morphological data. We gleaned the literature for examples of the AAC disjunction that were time calibrated or could be dated and compared them to climatic and geological changes from the Miocene to Pleistocene. Habit, dispersal mechanism, arid-adapted features, and geographic source area were collected.Results: The nuclear and plastome data provide congruent phylogenies for Sesamothamnus, indicating that the species restricted to northeastern Africa are sister to the southwestern species and diverged about 8.4 million years ago (Ma). Time calibrated splits for the AAC disjunct pattern were obtained for 73 vascular plant clades with dates ranging from 34 Ma to the Pleistocene, with the majority dated to the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene.Conclusions: Most clades exhibiting the AAC disjunction pattern, including Sesamothamnus, appear associated with several waves of aridification affecting both northeastern, eastern, and southwestern Africa involving the rise of C4 and CAM photosynthesis, succulence, spiny vegetation, and bovid herbivory. The AAC disjunction pattern is complex, appears to involve migration, rather than simple vicariance, and exhibits a strong southwest to northeast migration bias.","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13206203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 2.7 2区生物学

American Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2026-04-23

引用次数: 0

IF 2.7 2区生物学

American Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2026-04-23

引用次数: 0

IF 2.7 2区生物学

American Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2026-04-22

引用次数: 0

IF 2.7 2区生物学

American Journal of Botany Pub Date : 2026-04-22

引用次数: 0