American Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"Extreme cold reduces seedling establishment, but native species appear more susceptible than non-native species.","authors":"Peter W Guiden, Barbara Roca","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Premise: </strong>Extreme-cold events are increasingly recognized as one of the most damaging aspects of climate change in northern temperate ecosystems. However, little data exists describing how native and non-native species may respond to these extreme events, especially as seeds. We used a greenhouse experiment to test how extreme cold reduces seedling establishment in seven woody species common to eastern North America. We hypothesized that the effects of extreme cold depend on provenance (native vs. non-native) and chilling period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following chilling periods of 80, 100, or 120 days, seeds experienced a false-spring with temperatures at 15°C for one week; half of the seeds in each dormancy treatment group experienced a two-day extreme-cold event (-13.9°C) while the rest returned to mild winter temperatures (4°C).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Extreme-cold events universally decreased seedling establishment, but non-native species had four times greater survival in the extreme-cold treatment (mean ± s.e.: 0.108 ± 0.024) compared to native species (0.024 ± 0.018). Furthermore, native seeds were increasingly susceptible to extreme-cold damage following a 120-day chilling period, whereas non-native seeds were able to resist extreme cold equally following all chilling periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that in eastern North America, cold resistance could be a trait facilitating the success of non-native species. The introduction of non-native species may synergize with climate change to alter community composition, which could have important consequences for forest biodiversity in the Anthropocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viewing the ecological consequences of synthetic auxin herbicides from the ground up.","authors":"Veronica Iriart, Tia-Lynn Ashman","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomics and biogeography of Guadua: Insights into a neotropical woody bamboo genus.","authors":"Eduardo Ruiz-Sanchez, Carlos Maya-Lastra, María de la Luz Perez-Garcia, Miguel Angel Garcia-Martinez","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Premise: </strong>The genus Guadua includes some of the largest bamboo species in the neotropics, with certain species of significant economic importance and used since pre-Hispanic times to build houses using the traditional bajareque technique. Guadua species are distributed from Mexico to South America. The potential monophyly of this genus has been suggested based on plastid markers and limited sampling. Here we included more species and nuclear data to study the morphological classification of Guadua and to reconstruct its ancestral area distribution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were collected for 16 Guadua taxa (13 species) to use nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq) data to construct a phylogenetic hypothesis using maximum likelihood and coalescent methods. We estimated divergence times using the RelTime method and reconstructed ancestral geographic areas using S-DEC analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SNP data supported the monophyly of the genus Guadua and the existence of two distinct clades, Amplexifolia and Angustifolia. The origin of Guadua was estimated as approximately 10.47 million years ago in Mesoamerica. The biogeographic distribution of Guadua can likely be explained by a combination of dispersal and vicariant events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study sheds new light on the phylogenetic relationships within Guadua and on its evolutionary history and biogeography, enhancing our understanding of its diversification and distribution across various biogeographic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global patterns in community-scale leaf mass per area distributions of extant woody non-monocot angiosperms and their utility in the fossil record.","authors":"Alexander J Lowe, Dana L Royer, Daniel J Wieczynski, Matthew J Butrim, Tammo Reichgelt, Lauren Azevedo-Schmidt, Daniel J Peppe, Brian J Enquist, Andrew J Kerkoff, Sean T Michaletz, Caroline A E Strömberg","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Premise: </strong>Leaf mass per area (LMA) links leaf economic strategies, community assembly, and climate and can be reconstructed from woody non-monocot angiosperm (WNMA) fossils using the petiole metric (PM; petiole width²/leaf area). Reliable interpretation of LMA reconstructed from the fossil record is limited by an incomplete understanding of how PM and LMA are correlated at the community scale and what climatic parameters drive variation of both measured and reconstructed LMA of WNMAs globally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A modern, global, community-scale data set of in situ WNMA LMA and PM was compiled to test leading hypotheses for environmental drivers of LMA and quantify LMA-PM relationships. Correlations among PM, LMA, climate (Köppen types and continuous data), and leaf habit were assessed and quantified using several uni- and multivariate methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Community mean LMA increased under warmer and less seasonal temperatures. Drought-prone communities had the highest LMA variance, likely due to disparity between riparian and non-riparian microhabitats. PM and LMA were correlated for community mean and variance, and their correlations with climate were similar. These patterns indicate that climatic correlatives of modern LMA can inform relative trends in reconstructed fossil LMA. In contrast, matching \"absolute\" LMA distributions between fossil and modern sites does not allow reliable inference of analogous climate types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study furthers our understanding of processes influencing the assembly of WNMA leaf economic strategies in plant communities, highlighting the importance of temperature seasonality and habitat heterogeneity. We also provide a method to reconstruct, and refine the framework to interpret, community-scale LMA in the fossil record.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil biome variation of Lupinus nipomensis in wet-cool vs. dry-warm microhabitats and greenhouse.","authors":"Peter T Nguyen, Justin C Luong, Van Wishingrad, Lisa Stratton, Michael E Loik, Rachel S Meyer","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Premise: </strong>Environmental DNA (eDNA) can be used to determine the composition of the soil biome community, revealing beneficial and antagonistic microbes and invertebrates associated with plants. eDNA analyses can complement traditional soil community studies, offering more comprehensive information for conservation practitioners. Studies are also needed to examine differences between field and greenhouse soil biomes because greenhouse-grown plants are often transplanted in the field during restoration efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used eDNA multilocus metabarcoding to test how the soil biome of the federally and state-endangered species, Lupinus nipomensis, differed between wet-cool and dry-warm microhabitats. At Arroyo Grande, California, 20 experimental plots were sampled, representing a factorial combination of wet-cool vs. dry-warm soil and plots that did or did not contain L. nipomensis. In a simultaneous greenhouse study, L. nipomensis was grown in drought and well-watered conditions to compare soil communities between field and greenhouse.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A diversity of carbon-cycling microorganisms but not nitrogen-fixers were overrepresented in the field, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were overrepresented in some greenhouse treatments. The microbial communities in the field soils were more species-rich and evenly distributed than in greenhouse communities. In field plots, microhabitats significantly influenced community beta diversity, while field plots with or without L. nipomensis had no significant differences in alpha or beta diversity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows the utility of eDNA soil analysis in elucidating soil biome community differences for conservation and highlights the influence of plant microhabitats on soil microbe associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme fire severity interacts with seed traits to moderate post-fire species assemblages.","authors":"Michi Sano, Ryan Tangney, Alexandria Thomsen, Mark K J Ooi","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Premise: </strong>Climate change is globally pushing fire regimes to new extremes, with unprecedented large-scale severe fires. Persistent soil seed banks are a key mechanism for plant species recovery after fires, but extreme fire severity may generate soil temperatures beyond thresholds seeds are adapted to. Seeds are protected from lethal temperatures through soil burial, with temperatures decreasing with increasing depth. However, smaller seeds, due to their lower mass and corresponding energy stores, are restricted to emerging from shallower depths compared to the depths for larger seeds. We examined recruitment patterns across a landscape-scale gradient of fire severity to determine whether seed mass and dormancy class mediate shifts in community assemblages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We surveyed 25 sites in wet sclerophyll forests in southeastern Australia that had been burnt at either moderate, high, or extreme severity during the 2019-2020 Black Summer Fires. We measured abundance and calculated density of seedlings from 27 common native shrub species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Extreme severity fires caused significant declines in seedling recruitment. Recruitment patterns differed between dormancy class, with steeper declines in seedling emergence for species with physiologically dormant (PD) than for physically dormant (PY) seeds at extreme fire severity. Relative emergence proportions differed between fire severity and seed size groups for both PY and PD species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Large-scale extreme severity fires favor larger-seeded species, shifting community composition. Future recurrent extreme fire events could therefore place smaller-seeded species at risk. Seed mass, dormancy class, and other seed traits should be considered when exploring post-fire responses, to better predict impacts on plant species.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phylogenomic investigation into the biogeography of the Mexico–eastern U.S. disjunction in Symphyotrichum","authors":"Sushil Dahal,&nbsp;Carolina M. Siniscalchi,&nbsp;Ryan A. Folk","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biotic disjunctions have attracted scientific attention for the past 200 years. Despite being represented in many familiar plants (such as bald cypress, flowering dogwood, sweetgum, partridgeberry, etc.), the eastern North American (ENA)–Mexican (M) disjunction remains poorly understood. Major outstanding questions include the divergence times of taxa exhibiting the disjunction and environmental/geological processes that may underlie the disjunction. <i>Symphyotrichum</i> Nees (Asteraceae), one of the most diverse genera in the eastern USA, displays several examples of disjunct ENA–M taxa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We generated target capture data using the Angiosperms353 baitset and generated the first well-sampled phylogenomic hypothesis for <i>Symphyotrichum</i> and its close relatives. Focusing on <i>S</i>. subgenus <i>Virgulus</i>, we used MCMC_TREE to perform divergence time estimation and the R package BioGeoBEARS to infer ancestral regions and biogeographic transitions between North America and Mexico. Finally, we used the ancestral niche reconstruction method Utremi to test for a role of historical aridification in generating the disjunction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our molecular data suggest a recent radiation of <i>Symphyotrichum</i> at the Plio-Pleistocene boundary (~2.5 mya), with early connections to Mexico in ancestral lineages that closed off shortly after and were followed by vicariance across this region. Except for some present-day broadly distributed species, there is a complete lack of movement between ENA and M after ~0.5 mya.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A reconstructed disjunct distribution of suitable habitat in Pleistocene climatic models corroborates results from biogeographic modeling and confirms glacial cycles are more likely to be associated with the breakup of ENA–M biogeographic connections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gelatinous fibers develop asymmetrically to support bends and coils in common bean vines (Phaseolus vulgaris)","authors":"Joyce G. Onyenedum,&nbsp;Mariane S. Sousa-Baena,&nbsp;Lena M. Hunt,&nbsp;Angelique A. Acevedo,&nbsp;Rosemary A. E. Glos,&nbsp;Charles T. Anderson","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gelatinous (G)-fibers are specialized fibers that generate tensile force to bend and straighten many plant organs; this phenomenon has been intensively studied in tension wood of trees. Previous work has shown that G-fibers are common within the stems of twining vines, but we lack the spatiotemporal developmental data required to determine whether, or how, G-fibers contribute to the movement and/or stabilization of twining tissues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We employed multiple histochemical approaches to characterize the formation and cell wall architecture of G-fibers in twining and shrub phenotypes of common bean across a developmental time series.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within an internode, G-fibers first formed asymmetrically via differentiation of pericyclic fibers on the concave side of an existing bend and later arose erratically from the vascular cambium. G-fibers were absent in immature and/or actively circumnutating internodes, thus validating previous reports that G-fibers are not involved in rapid dynamic movements. Instead, G-fibers formed in stationary internodes, where they developed (1) in an alternating asymmetric pattern, likely to support the posture maintenance of erect internodes at the base of twiners and throughout the length of shrubs or (2) on the concave side of twined internodes to stabilize their helical conformation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our spatiotemporal results indicate that common bean vines form G-fibers after an internode has fully elongated and becomes stationary, thus functioning to stabilize the posture of subtle bends and coil internodes. These results contribute to understanding how twining vines establish and maintain a grip on their host or supporting structure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil and climate contribute to maintenance of a flower color polymorphism.","authors":"Dena L Grossenbacher, Magdalene S Lo, Molly E Waddington, Ryan O'Dell, Kathleen M Kay","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Premise: </strong>Floral pigments such as anthocyanins are well known to influence pollinator attraction, yet they also confer tolerance to abiotic stressors such as harsh soils, extreme temperatures, low precipitation, and UV radiation. In such cases, environmental variation in abiotic stressors over space or time could lead to the maintenance of flower color variation within species. Under this scenario, flower color in natural populations should covary with environmental stressors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a comparative approach, we tested whether abiotic variables predict flower color in Leptosiphon parviflorus, a species with pink and white flower color morphs. We conducted in-depth field studies to assess morph frequency, soil chemistry, and climate. We then employed community scientist-powered iNaturalist observations to examine patterns across even larger spatial scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across 21 field sites, L. parviflorus had a higher frequency of pink morphs in sites with serpentine soil, higher average annual temperatures, and higher average climatic water deficit (a proxy for drought stress). iNaturalist observations supported this finding-the probability of flowers being pink is greater in locations with serpentine-derived soil, especially when the local average UV radiation and climatic water deficit are higher.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Spatial variation in abiotic stressors may contribute to the maintenance of flower color variation across the geographic range of L. parviflorus. Future studies will examine mechanisms by which flower color affects stress tolerance and will assess whether fitness trade-offs in contrasting habitats across the range are associated with flower color.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grass functional traits reflect the long history of fire and grazers in the savannas of Texas.","authors":"Ashish N Nerlekar, Daniel Spalink, Joseph W Veldman","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Premise: </strong>Understanding relationships among grass traits, fire, and herbivores may help improve conservation strategies for savannas that are threatened by novel disturbance regimes. Emerging theory, developed in Africa, emphasizes that functional traits of savanna grasses reflect the distinct ways that fire and grazers consume biomass. Specifically, functional trade-offs related to flammability and palatability predict that highly flammable grass species will be unpalatable, while highly palatable species will impede fire.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We quantified six culm and leaf traits of 337 native grasses of Texas-a historical savanna region that has been transformed by fire exclusion, megafaunal extinctions, and domestic livestock.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate analyses of traits revealed three functional strategies. \"Grazer grasses\" (N = 50) had culms that were short, narrow, and horizontal, and leaves with high width to length (W:L) and low C to N ratios (C:N)-trait values that attract grazers and avoid fire. \"Fire grasses\" (N = 104) had culms that were tall, thick, and upright, and leaves that were thick, with low W:L, and high C:N-trait values that promote fire and discourage grazers. \"Generalist tolerators\" and \"generalist avoiders\" (N = 183) had trait values that were intermediate to the other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings confirm that the flammability-palatability trade-offs that operate in Africa also explain correlated suites of traits in Texas grasses and highlights that the grass flora of Texas bears the signature of Pleistocene megafauna and the influence of fires that predate human arrival. We suggest that grass functional classifications based on fire and grazer traits can improve prescribed fire and livestock management of savannas of Texas and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}