{"title":"Growing at the arid edge: Anatomical variations in leaves are more extensive than in stems of five Mediterranean species across contrasting moisture regimes.","authors":"Asaf Alon, Neta Ginzburg, Hanita Zemach, Hillary Voet, Shabtai Cohen, Rakefet David-Schwartz","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Premise: </strong>Increasing aridity in the Mediterranean region affects ecosystems and plant life. Various anatomical changes in plants help them cope with dry conditions. This study focused on anatomical differences in leaves and xylem of five co-occurring Mediterranean plant species namely Quercus calliprinos, Pistacia palaestina, Pistacia lentiscus, Rhamnus lycioides, and Phillyrea latifolia in wet and dry sites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stomatal density, stomatal length, leaf mass area, lamina composition, percentage of intercellular air spaces, and mesophyll cell area in leaves of plants in wet and dry sites were analyzed. Xylem anatomy was assessed through vessel length and area in branches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the dry site, three species had increased stomatal density and decreased stomatal length. Four species had increased palisade mesophyll and reduced air space volume. In contrast, phenotypic changes in the xylem were less pronounced; vessel length was unaffected by site conditions, but vessel diameter decreased in two species. Intercellular air spaces proved to be the most dynamic anatomical feature. Quercus calliprinos had the most extensive anatomical changes; Rhamnus lycioides had only minor changes. All these changes were observed in comparison to the species in the wet site.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study elucidated variations in anatomical responses in leaves among co-occurring Mediterranean plant species and identified the most dynamic traits. Understanding these adaptations provides valuable insights into the ability of plants to thrive under changing climate conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diurnal patterns of floral volatile emissions in three species of Narcissus.","authors":"Florian Losch, Maximilian Weigend","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Premise: </strong>Plants generate a wide array of signals such as olfactory cues to attract and manipulate the response of pollinators. The present study addresses the temporal patterns of scent emission as an additional dimension to the scent composition. The expectation is that divergent floral function is reflected in divergent qualitative and temporal emission patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used GC-ion mobility spectrometry with an integrated pre-concentration for automated acquisition of the temporal trends in floral volatile emissions for N. viridiflorus, N. papyraceus, and N. cantabricus subsp. foliosus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a considerable increase in scent emissions and changes in scent composition for N. viridiflorus at night. This increase was particularly pronounced for aromatic substances such as benzyl acetate and p-cresol. We found no diurnal patterns in N. papyraceus, despite a similar qualitative composition of floral volatiles. Narcissus cantabricus subsp. foliosus showed no diurnal patterns either and differed considerably in floral scent composition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Scent composition, circadian emission patterns, and floral morphology indicate divergent, but partially overlapping pollinator communities. However, the limited pollinator data from the field only permits a tentative correlation between emission patterns and flower visitors. Narcissus papyraceus and N. cantabricus show no clear diurnal patterns and thus no adjustment to the activity patterns of their diurnal pollinators. In N. viridiflorus, timing of scent emission indicates an adaptation to nocturnal flower visitors, contradicting Macroglossum as the only reported pollinator. We propose that the legitimate pollinators of N. viridiflorus are nocturnal and are still unidentified.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William H. Brightly, Ana M. Bedoya, McKenzie M. Carlson, Maria G. Rottersman, Caroline A. E. Strömberg
{"title":"Correlated evolution of dispersal traits and habitat preference in the melicgrasses","authors":"William H. Brightly, Ana M. Bedoya, McKenzie M. Carlson, Maria G. Rottersman, Caroline A. E. Strömberg","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16406","url":null,"abstract":"Seed dispersal is a critical process impacting individual plants and their communities. Plants have evolved numerous strategies and structures to disperse their seeds, but the evolutionary drivers of this diversity remain poorly understood in most lineages. We tested the hypothesis that the evolution of wind dispersal traits within the melicgrasses (Poaceae: Meliceae Link ex Endl.) was correlated with occupation of open and disturbed habitats.","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The phylogeny of the Triticeae: Resolution and phylogenetic conflict based on genomewide nuclear loci","authors":"Roberta J. Mason-Gamer, Dawson M. White","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16404","url":null,"abstract":"The wheat tribe, Triticeae, has been the subject of molecular phylogenetic analyses for nearly three decades, and extensive phylogenetic conflict has been apparent from the earliest comparisons among DNA-based data sets. While most previous analyses focused primarily on nuclear vs. chloroplast DNA conflict, the present analysis provides a broader picture of conflict among nuclear loci throughout the tribe.","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flower position within plants influences reproductive success both directly and via phenology","authors":"Alicia Valdés, Johan Ehrlén","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16405","url":null,"abstract":"In plants, within-individual trait variation might result from mechanisms related to ontogenetic contingency, i.e., to the position of a particular structure within the plant, previous developmental events, and/or the developmental environment. Flower position within inflorescences as well as inflorescence position within plants can influence resource provisioning, phenology, biotic interactions, and reproductive success. Despite the potential implications of within-individual variation in plant reproductive phenotypes, its causes and effects on reproductive success are still little explored.","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Nieto-Lugilde, Diego Nieto-Lugilde, Bryan Piatkowski, Aaron M. Duffy, Sean C. Robinson, Blanka Aguero, Scott Schuette, Richard Wilkens, Joseph Yavitt, A. Jonathan Shaw
{"title":"Ecological differentiation and sympatry of cryptic species in the Sphagnum magellanicum complex (Bryophyta)","authors":"Marta Nieto-Lugilde, Diego Nieto-Lugilde, Bryan Piatkowski, Aaron M. Duffy, Sean C. Robinson, Blanka Aguero, Scott Schuette, Richard Wilkens, Joseph Yavitt, A. Jonathan Shaw","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16401","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Sphagnum magellanicum</i> (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) has been considered to be a single semi-cosmopolitan species, but recent molecular analyses have shown that it comprises a complex of at least seven reciprocally monophyletic groups, that are difficult or impossible to distinguish morphologically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Newly developed barcode markers and RADseq analyses were used to identify species among 808 samples from 119 sites. Molecular approaches were used to assess the geographic ranges of four North American species, the frequency at which they occur sympatrically, and ecological differentiation among them. Microhabitats were classified with regard to hydrology and shade. Hierarchical modelling of species communities was used to assess climate variation among the species. Climate niches were projected back to 22,000 years BP to assess the likelihood that the North American species had sympatric ranges during the late Pleistocene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The species exhibited parallel morphological variation, making them extremely difficult to distinguish phenotypically. Two to three species frequently co-occurred within peatlands. They had broadly overlapping microhabitat and climate niches. Barcode- versus RADseq-based identifications were in conflict for 6% of the samples and always involved <i>S. diabolicum</i> vs. <i>S. magniae</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These species co-occur within peatlands at scales that could permit interbreeding, yet they remain largely distinct genetically and phylogenetically. The four cryptic species exhibited distinct geographic and ecological patterns. Conflicting identifications from barcode vs. RADseq analyses for <i>S. diabolicum</i> versus <i>S. magniae</i> could reflect incomplete speciation or hybridization. They comprise a valuable study system for additional work on climate adaptation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myong-Suk Cho, Seon-Hee Kim, Philippe Danton, Seung-Chul Kim, Tod F. Stuessy, Daniel J. Crawford
{"title":"Inter-archipelago dispersal, anagenetic evolution, and the origin of a rare, enigmatic plant genus on a remote oceanic archipelago","authors":"Myong-Suk Cho, Seon-Hee Kim, Philippe Danton, Seung-Chul Kim, Tod F. Stuessy, Daniel J. Crawford","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16403","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16403","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Island plants have long interested biologists because of their distinctive morphological features and their isolation on small land areas in vast oceans. Studies of insular endemics may include identifying their ancestors, tracing their dispersal to islands, and describing their evolution on islands, including characters adaptive to island life. <i>Thamnoseris</i> is a monospecific genus endemic to the Desventuradas Islands, Chile. Its origins and relationships are unresolved, given the challenges of getting to the islands and accessing plants there.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sequences from ITS of nrDNA and the complete chloroplast genome were employed to resolve phylogenetic relationships of <i>Thamnoseris</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and chloroplast sequences showed <i>Thamnoseris</i> nested within or sister to <i>Dendroseris</i>, the largest endemic genus in the Juan Fernández Islands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Thamnoseris</i> evolved from a common ancestor of all or most species of <i>Dendroseris</i> prior to the diversification of <i>Dendroseris</i> in the Juan Fernández archipelago. The ancestor of <i>Thamnoseris</i> dispersed to the Desventuradas archipelago, which consists of the islands San Ambrosio and San Félix, within the past 3 Ma (the age of San Ambrosio). This is the only known example of possible plant dispersal between the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands. We also mention two less likely biogeographic scenarios for the origin of <i>Thamnoseris</i>, which has features not seen in <i>Dendroseris</i>: small capitula with yellow florets; style branches barely divergent; and basally swollen subtending involucral bracts, all features associated with selfing and reduced dispersal. Goats and rabbits (now removed) reduced <i>T. lacerata</i>, once very abundant on the Desventuradas Islands, to several plants, making it of extreme conservation concern and worthy of further study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ocean exposure and latitude drive multiple clines within the coastal perennial ecotype of the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus","authors":"Thomas Zambiasi, David B. Lowry","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16402","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16402","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A key goal of evolutionary biologists is to understand how and why genetic variation is partitioned within species. In the yellow monkeyflower, <i>Mimulus guttatus</i> (syn. <i>Erythranthe guttata</i>), coastal perennial populations constitute a single genetically and morphologically differentiated ecotype compared to inland <i>M. guttatus</i> populations. While the coastal ecotype's distinctiveness has now been well documented, there is also environmental variation across the ecotype's range that could drive more continuous differentiation among its component populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on previous observations of a potential cline within this ecotype, we quantified plant height, among other traits, across coastal perennial accessions from 74 populations in a greenhouse common garden experiment. To evaluate potential drivers of the relationship between trait variation and latitude, we regressed height against multiple climatic factors, including temperature, precipitation, and coastal wind speeds. We also accounted for exposure to the open ocean in all analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multiple traits were correlated with latitude of origin, but none more than plant height. Height was negatively correlated with latitude, and plants directly exposed to the open ocean were shorter than those protected from coastal winds. Further analyses revealed that height was correlated with climatic factors (precipitation, temperature, and wind speeds) that were autocorrelated with latitude. We hypothesize that one or more of these climatic factors drove the evolution of latitudinal clinal variation within the coastal ecotype.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, our study illustrates the complexity of how the distribution of environmental variation can simultaneously drive the evolution of both distinct ecotypes <i>and</i> continuous clines within those ecotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernesto C. Rodríguez-Ramírez, Frank Arroyo, Fressia N. Ames-Martínez, Agustina Rosa Andrés-Hernández
{"title":"Tracking climate vulnerability across spatial distribution and functional traits in Magnolia gentryi in the Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest","authors":"Ernesto C. Rodríguez-Ramírez, Frank Arroyo, Fressia N. Ames-Martínez, Agustina Rosa Andrés-Hernández","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16400","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16400","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the responses of functional traits in tree species to climate variability is essential for predicting the future of tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) tree species, especially in Andean montane environments where fog pockets act as moisture traps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied the distribution of <i>Magnolia gentryi</i>, measured its spatial arrangement, identified local hotspots, and evaluated the extent to which climate-related factors are associated with its distribution. We then analyzed the variation in 13 functional traits of <i>M</i>. <i>gentryi</i> and the relationship with climate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Andean TMCF climatic factors constrain <i>M. gentryi</i> spatial distribution with significant patches or gaps that are associated with high precipitation and mean minimum temperature. The functional traits of <i>M</i>. <i>gentryi</i> are limited by the Andean TMCF climatic factors, resulting in reduced within-species variation in traits associated with water deficit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The association between functional traits and climate oscillation is crucial for understanding the growth conditions of relict-endemic species and is essential for conservation efforts. Forest trait diversity and species composition change because of fluctuations in hydraulic safety-efficiency gradients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theresa C. Saunders, Isabel Larridon, William J. Baker, Russell L. Barrett, Félix Forest, Elaine Françoso, Olivier Maurin, Saba Rokni, Eric H. Roalson
{"title":"Tangled webs and spider-flowers: Phylogenomics, biogeography, and seed morphology inform the evolutionary history of Cleomaceae","authors":"Theresa C. Saunders, Isabel Larridon, William J. Baker, Russell L. Barrett, Félix Forest, Elaine Françoso, Olivier Maurin, Saba Rokni, Eric H. Roalson","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16399","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16399","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cleomaceae is an important model clade for studies of evolutionary processes including genome evolution, floral form diversification, and photosynthetic pathway evolution. Diversification and divergence patterns in Cleomaceae remain tangled as research has been restricted by its worldwide distribution, limited genetic sampling and species coverage, and a lack of definitive fossil calibration points.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used target sequence capture and the Angiosperms353 probe set to perform a phylogenetic study of Cleomaceae. We estimated divergence times and biogeographic analyses to explore the origin and diversification of the family. Seed morphology across extant taxa was documented with multifocal image-stacking techniques and morphological characters were extracted, analyzed, and compared to fossil records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recovered a well-supported and resolved phylogenetic tree of Cleomaceae generic relationships that includes 236 (~86%) species. We identified 11 principal clades and confidently placed <i>Cleomella</i> as sister to the rest of the family. Our analyses suggested that Cleomaceae and Brassicaceae diverged ~56 mya, and Cleomaceae began to diversify ~53 mya in the Palearctic and Africa. Multiple transatlantic disjunct distributions were identified. Seeds were imaged from 218 (~80%) species in the family and compared to all known fossil species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results represent the most comprehensive phylogenetic study of Cleomaceae to date. We identified transatlantic disjunctions and proposed explanations for these patterns, most likely either long-distance dispersals or contractions in latitudinal distributions caused by climate change over geological timescales. We found that seed morphology varied considerably but mostly mirrored generic relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}