Biosilicification in monocots: Comparative analysis highlights contrasting patterns of deposition

IF 2.4 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES
Paula J. Rudall, Jehova Lourenco Jr., Manoj Kumar Mahto
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Premise

New insights into biomineral uptake and sequestration are important for understanding how plants grow. Some plants accumulate silica accretions in precise locations in particular cells. Among monocots, controlled biosilicification occurs in several different forms and is restricted to commelinids and orchids.

Methods

We utilized energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX/EDS) mapping technology on leaf transverse sections to explore the diverse silica deposition patterns in a range of monocots. The results were evaluated using character optimizations on existing phylogenies.

Results

Our optimization indicates at least two independent evolutionary origins of phytoliths among monocots, with secondary losses in some lineages. Silica that accumulates in the cell lumen occurs mostly in bundle sheath cells or epidermal cells, often associated with sclerenchyma. In Bromeliaceae and Rapateaceae, small phytoliths occur in the walls of occluded epidermal cells overlying sclerenchyma. In Dasypogonaceae, phytoliths accumulate in the lumen of epidermal cells. Cell-wall bound silica occurs in the epidermal cells of some commelinids (Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae). There is a close association between silica deposition and the presence of ferulic acid, except possibly in orchids. Records of high silica concentration in leaves are not always correlated with deposition. We found no silica deposition in leaves of some aquatic commelinids, despite evidence for silica uptake and presence of ferulic acid.

Conclusions

Our ongoing comparative investigations using EDX data not only extend our knowledge about biomineral inclusions in plants, but also highlight their structural and biochemical complexity. This study suggests that the diversity and relatively restricted phylogenetic distribution of monocot phytoliths is at least partly attributable to cell chemistry.

Abstract Image

单片生物硅化:对比分析突出了沉积的对比模式。
前提:对生物矿物质吸收和固存的新认识对于理解植物如何生长很重要。有些植物在特定细胞的精确位置积累二氧化硅。在单子科植物中,可控的生物硅化以几种不同的形式发生,并且仅限于commelinids和兰花。方法:利用能量色散x射线能谱(EDX/EDS)技术在叶片横切面上对不同单子叶的硅沉积模式进行研究。利用现有系统发育的性状优化对结果进行评价。结果:我们的优化表明,单子房植物岩至少有两个独立的进化起源,在一些谱系中有二次损失。在细胞腔内积聚的二氧化硅主要发生在束鞘细胞或表皮细胞中,通常与厚壁组织有关。在凤梨科和Rapateaceae中,小的植物岩出现在覆盖厚壁组织的封闭表皮细胞的壁上。在大葱科植物中,植物岩积聚在表皮细胞的管腔中。细胞壁结合二氧化硅存在于一些commellaceae, Cyperaceae和Poaceae的表皮细胞中。除了可能在兰花中,二氧化硅沉积与阿魏酸的存在有密切的联系。叶片中高硅浓度的记录并不总是与沉积有关。我们发现在一些水生茶树的叶子中没有二氧化硅沉积,尽管有证据表明二氧化硅吸收和阿魏酸的存在。结论:我们正在进行的利用EDX数据的比较研究不仅扩展了我们对植物中生物矿物包裹体的认识,而且突出了它们的结构和生化复杂性。本研究表明,单子叶植物岩的多样性和相对有限的系统发育分布至少部分归因于细胞化学。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
American Journal of Botany
American Journal of Botany 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
171
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Botany (AJB), the flagship journal of the Botanical Society of America (BSA), publishes peer-reviewed, innovative, significant research of interest to a wide audience of plant scientists in all areas of plant biology (structure, function, development, diversity, genetics, evolution, systematics), all levels of organization (molecular to ecosystem), and all plant groups and allied organisms (cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, and lichens). AJB requires authors to frame their research questions and discuss their results in terms of major questions of plant biology. In general, papers that are too narrowly focused, purely descriptive, natural history, broad surveys, or that contain only preliminary data will not be considered.
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