American Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"An elevational cline in leaf variegation: Testing anti-herbivory and abiotic heterogeneity hypotheses in maintaining a polymorphism","authors":"Cierra N. Sullivan,&nbsp;Matthew H. Koski","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16411","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16411","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While some studies have found leaf variegation to reduce photosynthetic capacity, others showed that it can increase photosynthesis. Thus, what maintains variegation remains an open question. Two primary hypotheses—the anti-herbivory and abiotic heterogeneity hypotheses—have been posited, yet little empirical research explicitly investigates the maintenance of naturally occurring variegation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used field surveys, image analysis, and climatic associations to explore the anti-herbivory and abiotic heterogeneity hypotheses in 21 populations of <i>Hexastylis heterophylla</i> and <i>H. shuttleworthii</i>, both polymorphic for leaf variegation. We measured the frequency of variegated individuals, variegation intensity, and herbivory for each morph, assessed abiotic correlates with variegation, and measured photosynthetic efficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found a strong elevational cline in leaf variegation strongly linked with abiotic heterogeneity; variegation was more common in lower-elevation populations characterized by higher temperatures, UV-B exposure, seasonal light change, and drier, more basic soils. Variegated and nonvariegated individuals experienced similar levels of herbivory. Morphs had similar photosynthetic quantum yields. However, nonvariegated leaves experienced more nonphotochemical quenching, an indication of photoinhibition, and had higher surface temperatures under high light.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that variegation may serve as an adaptation to high temperatures and light conditions and can reduce photoinhibition in certain environmental contexts. Thus, abiotic factors can maintain variegation in wild populations and shape geographic clines in variegation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing at the arid edge: Anatomical variations in leaves are more extensive than in stems of five Mediterranean species across contrasting moisture regimes","authors":"Asaf Alon,&nbsp;Neta Ginzburg,&nbsp;Hanita Zemach,&nbsp;Hillary Voet,&nbsp;Shabtai Cohen,&nbsp;Rakefet David-Schwartz","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16407","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16407","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increasing aridity in the Mediterranean region affects ecosystems and plant life. Various anatomical changes in plants help them cope with dry conditions. This study focused on anatomical differences in leaves and xylem of five co-occurring Mediterranean plant species namely <i>Quercus calliprinos</i>, <i>Pistacia palaestina</i>, <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i>, <i>Rhamnus lycioides</i>, and <i>Phillyrea latifolia</i> in wet and dry sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stomatal density, stomatal length, leaf mass area, lamina composition, percentage of intercellular air spaces, and mesophyll cell area in leaves of plants in wet and dry sites were analyzed. Xylem anatomy was assessed through vessel length and area in branches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the dry site, three species had increased stomatal density and decreased stomatal length. Four species had increased palisade mesophyll and reduced air space volume. In contrast, phenotypic changes in the xylem were less pronounced; vessel length was unaffected by site conditions, but vessel diameter decreased in two species. Intercellular air spaces proved to be the most dynamic anatomical feature. <i>Quercus calliprinos</i> had the most extensive anatomical changes; <i>Rhamnus lycioides</i> had only minor changes. All these changes were observed in comparison to the species in the wet site.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study elucidated variations in anatomical responses in leaves among co-occurring Mediterranean plant species and identified the most dynamic traits. Understanding these adaptations provides valuable insights into the ability of plants to thrive under changing climate conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal patterns of floral volatile emissions in three species of Narcissus","authors":"Florian Losch,&nbsp;Maximilian Weigend","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16408","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16408","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plants generate a wide array of signals such as olfactory cues to attract and manipulate the response of pollinators. The present study addresses the temporal patterns of scent emission as an additional dimension to the scent composition. The expectation is that divergent floral function is reflected in divergent qualitative and temporal emission patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used GC-ion mobility spectrometry with an integrated pre-concentration for automated acquisition of the temporal trends in floral volatile emissions for <i>N. viridiflorus</i>, <i>N. papyraceus</i>, and <i>N. cantabricus</i> subsp<i>. foliosus</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found a considerable increase in scent emissions and changes in scent composition for <i>N. viridiflorus</i> at night. This increase was particularly pronounced for aromatic substances such as benzyl acetate and <i>p</i>-cresol. We found no diurnal patterns in <i>N. papyraceus</i>, despite a similar qualitative composition of floral volatiles. <i>Narcissus cantabricus</i> subsp. <i>foliosus</i> showed no diurnal patterns either and differed considerably in floral scent composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scent composition, circadian emission patterns, and floral morphology indicate divergent, but partially overlapping pollinator communities. However, the limited pollinator data from the field only permits a tentative correlation between emission patterns and flower visitors. <i>Narcissus papyraceus</i> and <i>N. cantabricus</i> show no clear diurnal patterns and thus no adjustment to the activity patterns of their diurnal pollinators. In <i>N. viridiflorus</i>, timing of scent emission indicates an adaptation to nocturnal flower visitors, contradicting <i>Macroglossum</i> as the only reported pollinator. We propose that the legitimate pollinators of <i>N. viridiflorus</i> are nocturnal and are still unidentified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlated evolution of dispersal traits and habitat preference in the melicgrasses","authors":"William H. Brightly,&nbsp;Ana M. Bedoya,&nbsp;McKenzie M. Carlson,&nbsp;Maria G. Rottersman,&nbsp;Caroline A. E. Strömberg","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16406","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16406","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seed dispersal is a critical process impacting individual plants and their communities. Plants have evolved numerous strategies and structures to disperse their seeds, but the evolutionary drivers of this diversity remain poorly understood in most lineages. We tested the hypothesis that the evolution of wind dispersal traits within the melicgrasses (Poaceae: Meliceae Link ex Endl.) was correlated with occupation of open and disturbed habitats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate wind dispersal potential, we collected seed dispersal structures (diaspores) from 24 melicgrass species and measured falling velocity and estimated dispersal distances. Species’ affinity for open and disturbed habitats were recorded using georeferenced occurrence records and land cover maps. To test whether habitat preference and dispersal traits were correlated, we used phylogenetically informed multilevel models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Melicgrasses display several distinct morphologies associated with wind dispersal, suggesting likely convergence. Open habitat taxa had slower-falling diaspores, consistent with increased wind dispersal potential. However, their shorter stature meant that dispersal distances, at a given wind speed, were not higher than those of their forest-occupying relatives. Species with affinities for disturbed sites had slower-falling diaspores and greater wind dispersal distances, largely explained by lighter diaspores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results are consistent with the hypothesized evolutionary relationship between habitat preference and dispersal strategy. However, phylogenetic inertia and other plant functions (e.g., water conservation) likely shaped dispersal trait evolution in melicgrasses. It remains unclear if dispersal trait changes were precipitated by or predated changing habitat preferences. Nevertheless, our study provides promising results and a framework for disentangling dispersal strategy evolution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The phylogeny of the Triticeae: Resolution and phylogenetic conflict based on genomewide nuclear loci","authors":"Roberta J. Mason-Gamer,&nbsp;Dawson M. White","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16404","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16404","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The wheat tribe, Triticeae, has been the subject of molecular phylogenetic analyses for nearly three decades, and extensive phylogenetic conflict has been apparent from the earliest comparisons among DNA-based data sets. While most previous analyses focused primarily on nuclear vs. chloroplast DNA conflict, the present analysis provides a broader picture of conflict among nuclear loci throughout the tribe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exon data were generated from over 1000 nuclear loci using targeted sequence capture with custom baits, and nearly complete chloroplast genome sequences were recovered. Phylogenetic conflict was assessed among the trees from the chloroplast genomes, the concatenated nuclear loci, and a series of nuclear-locus subsets guided by <i>Hordeum</i> chromosome gene maps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the intergeneric level, the analyses collectively revealed a few broadly consistent relationships. However, the prevailing pattern was one of extensive phylogenetic conflict throughout the tribe, among both deep and shallow branches, and with the extent of the conflict varying among data subsets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest continual introgression or lineage sorting within and among the named lineages of the Triticeae, shaping both deep and shallow relationships in the tribe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flower position within plants influences reproductive success both directly and via phenology","authors":"Alicia Valdés,&nbsp;Johan Ehrlén","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16405","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16405","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In plants, within-individual trait variation might result from mechanisms related to ontogenetic contingency, i.e., to the position of a particular structure within the plant, previous developmental events, and/or the developmental environment. Flower position within inflorescences as well as inflorescence position within plants can influence resource provisioning, phenology, biotic interactions, and reproductive success. Despite the potential implications of within-individual variation in plant reproductive phenotypes, its causes and effects on reproductive success are still little explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed how reproductive success, in terms of fruit and seed set, and seed predation of 5883 flowers in <i>Lathyrus vernus</i> were influenced by their position within and among racemes, to what extent relationships between flower position and reproductive success and seed predation were mediated by phenology, and if positional effects on reproductive success depended on the external environment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In three years, basal flowers and racemes opened earlier and had higher fruit set than distal. Basal flowers also experienced higher seed predation. Differences among racemes in fruit and seed set were largely related to phenology, while differences in fruit set, seed set, and seed predation within racemes were not. In one year, differences in fruit set among flowers at different positions depended on flowering duration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results highlight the important role of ontogenetic contingency for within-individual variation in phenology and reproductive success. As the spatial distribution of reproductive structures affects both within-plant trait distributions and fitness, it is a likely target for natural selection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological differentiation and sympatry of cryptic species in the Sphagnum magellanicum complex (Bryophyta)","authors":"Marta Nieto-Lugilde,&nbsp;Diego Nieto-Lugilde,&nbsp;Bryan Piatkowski,&nbsp;Aaron M. Duffy,&nbsp;Sean C. Robinson,&nbsp;Blanka Aguero,&nbsp;Scott Schuette,&nbsp;Richard Wilkens,&nbsp;Joseph Yavitt,&nbsp;A. Jonathan Shaw","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16401","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Sphagnum magellanicum</i> (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) has been considered to be a single semi-cosmopolitan species, but recent molecular analyses have shown that it comprises a complex of at least seven reciprocally monophyletic groups, that are difficult or impossible to distinguish morphologically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Newly developed barcode markers and RADseq analyses were used to identify species among 808 samples from 119 sites. Molecular approaches were used to assess the geographic ranges of four North American species, the frequency at which they occur sympatrically, and ecological differentiation among them. Microhabitats were classified with regard to hydrology and shade. Hierarchical modelling of species communities was used to assess climate variation among the species. Climate niches were projected back to 22,000 years BP to assess the likelihood that the North American species had sympatric ranges during the late Pleistocene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The species exhibited parallel morphological variation, making them extremely difficult to distinguish phenotypically. Two to three species frequently co-occurred within peatlands. They had broadly overlapping microhabitat and climate niches. Barcode- versus RADseq-based identifications were in conflict for 6% of the samples and always involved <i>S. diabolicum</i> vs. <i>S. magniae</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These species co-occur within peatlands at scales that could permit interbreeding, yet they remain largely distinct genetically and phylogenetically. The four cryptic species exhibited distinct geographic and ecological patterns. Conflicting identifications from barcode vs. RADseq analyses for <i>S. diabolicum</i> versus <i>S. magniae</i> could reflect incomplete speciation or hybridization. They comprise a valuable study system for additional work on climate adaptation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142244614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-archipelago dispersal, anagenetic evolution, and the origin of a rare, enigmatic plant genus on a remote oceanic archipelago","authors":"Myong-Suk Cho,&nbsp;Seon-Hee Kim,&nbsp;Philippe Danton,&nbsp;Seung-Chul Kim,&nbsp;Tod F. Stuessy,&nbsp;Daniel J. Crawford","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16403","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16403","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Island plants have long interested biologists because of their distinctive morphological features and their isolation on small land areas in vast oceans. Studies of insular endemics may include identifying their ancestors, tracing their dispersal to islands, and describing their evolution on islands, including characters adaptive to island life. <i>Thamnoseris</i> is a monospecific genus endemic to the Desventuradas Islands, Chile. Its origins and relationships are unresolved, given the challenges of getting to the islands and accessing plants there.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sequences from ITS of nrDNA and the complete chloroplast genome were employed to resolve phylogenetic relationships of <i>Thamnoseris</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and chloroplast sequences showed <i>Thamnoseris</i> nested within or sister to <i>Dendroseris</i>, the largest endemic genus in the Juan Fernández Islands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Thamnoseris</i> evolved from a common ancestor of all or most species of <i>Dendroseris</i> prior to the diversification of <i>Dendroseris</i> in the Juan Fernández archipelago. The ancestor of <i>Thamnoseris</i> dispersed to the Desventuradas archipelago, which consists of the islands San Ambrosio and San Félix, within the past 3 Ma (the age of San Ambrosio). This is the only known example of possible plant dispersal between the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands. We also mention two less likely biogeographic scenarios for the origin of <i>Thamnoseris</i>, which has features not seen in <i>Dendroseris</i>: small capitula with yellow florets; style branches barely divergent; and basally swollen subtending involucral bracts, all features associated with selfing and reduced dispersal. Goats and rabbits (now removed) reduced <i>T. lacerata</i>, once very abundant on the Desventuradas Islands, to several plants, making it of extreme conservation concern and worthy of further study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean exposure and latitude drive multiple clines within the coastal perennial ecotype of the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus","authors":"Thomas Zambiasi,&nbsp;David B. Lowry","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16402","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16402","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A key goal of evolutionary biologists is to understand how and why genetic variation is partitioned within species. In the yellow monkeyflower, <i>Mimulus guttatus</i> (syn. <i>Erythranthe guttata</i>), coastal perennial populations constitute a single genetically and morphologically differentiated ecotype compared to inland <i>M. guttatus</i> populations. While the coastal ecotype's distinctiveness has now been well documented, there is also environmental variation across the ecotype's range that could drive more continuous differentiation among its component populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on previous observations of a potential cline within this ecotype, we quantified plant height, among other traits, across coastal perennial accessions from 74 populations in a greenhouse common garden experiment. To evaluate potential drivers of the relationship between trait variation and latitude, we regressed height against multiple climatic factors, including temperature, precipitation, and coastal wind speeds. We also accounted for exposure to the open ocean in all analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multiple traits were correlated with latitude of origin, but none more than plant height. Height was negatively correlated with latitude, and plants directly exposed to the open ocean were shorter than those protected from coastal winds. Further analyses revealed that height was correlated with climatic factors (precipitation, temperature, and wind speeds) that were autocorrelated with latitude. We hypothesize that one or more of these climatic factors drove the evolution of latitudinal clinal variation within the coastal ecotype.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, our study illustrates the complexity of how the distribution of environmental variation can simultaneously drive the evolution of both distinct ecotypes <i>and</i> continuous clines within those ecotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking climate vulnerability across spatial distribution and functional traits in Magnolia gentryi in the Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest","authors":"Ernesto C. Rodríguez-Ramírez,&nbsp;Frank Arroyo,&nbsp;Fressia N. Ames-Martínez,&nbsp;Agustina Rosa Andrés-Hernández","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16400","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16400","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the responses of functional traits in tree species to climate variability is essential for predicting the future of tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) tree species, especially in Andean montane environments where fog pockets act as moisture traps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied the distribution of <i>Magnolia gentryi</i>, measured its spatial arrangement, identified local hotspots, and evaluated the extent to which climate-related factors are associated with its distribution. We then analyzed the variation in 13 functional traits of <i>M</i>. <i>gentryi</i> and the relationship with climate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Andean TMCF climatic factors constrain <i>M. gentryi</i> spatial distribution with significant patches or gaps that are associated with high precipitation and mean minimum temperature. The functional traits of <i>M</i>. <i>gentryi</i> are limited by the Andean TMCF climatic factors, resulting in reduced within-species variation in traits associated with water deficit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The association between functional traits and climate oscillation is crucial for understanding the growth conditions of relict-endemic species and is essential for conservation efforts. Forest trait diversity and species composition change because of fluctuations in hydraulic safety-efficiency gradients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}