American Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"Linking the macroclimatic niche of native lithophytic ferns and their prevalence in urban environments","authors":"Tammo Reichgelt","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16364","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16364","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vertical surfaces in urban environments represent a potential expansion of niche space for lithophytic fern species. There are, however, few records of differential success rates of fern species in urban environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The occurrence rates of 16 lithophytic fern species native to the northeastern USA in 14 biomes, including four urban environments differentiated by percentage of impervious surfaces, were evaluated. In addition, the natural macroclimatic ranges of these species were analyzed to test whether significant differences existed in climatic tolerance between species that occur in urban environments and species that do not.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three species appear to preferentially occur in urban environments, two species may facultatively occur in urban environments, and the remaining 11 species preferentially occur in nondeveloped rural environments. The natural range of fern species that occur in urban environments had higher summer temperatures than the range of species that do not, whereas other macroclimatic variables, notably winter temperatures and precipitation, were less important or insignificant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vertical surfaces in urban environments may represent novel niche space for some native lithophytic fern species in northeastern USA. However, success in this environment depends, in part, on tolerance of the urban heat island effect, especially heating of impervious surfaces in summer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturally diverse plant communities do not resist invasion by the strong competitor, Microstegium vimineum","authors":"Griffin Lee Williams,&nbsp;J. Stephen Brewer","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16362","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16362","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Theory predicts and empirical studies have shown that ecologically manipulated communities with high species diversity are resistant to invasion, but do these predictions and results hold true when applied to highly competitive invaders in natural communities? Few studies of diversity-mediated invasion resistance have measured both invasion resistance and invader impact in the same study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a two-year field experiment to test: (1) diversity-mediated competitive resistance to patch expansion by the grass, <i>Microstegium vimineum</i>; and (2) the competitive effect of <i>M. vimineum</i> on resident plant diversity. We examined responses of <i>M. vimineum</i> to two native plant density-reduction treatments that had opposite effects on species diversity: (1) reducing species richness via the removal of rare species; and (2) reducing dominance by reducing the density of the dominant resident species. We examined the effects of <i>M. vimineum</i> reduction by pre-emergent herbicide on resident diversity in the second year of the study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neither rare species removal nor dominant species reduction significantly increased <i>M. vimineum</i> density (relative growth rate). The pre-emergent herbicide dramatically reduced <i>M. vimineum</i> in year 2 of the study, but not most resident plants, which were perennials and indirectly benefited from the herbicide at a more productive site, presumably due to reduced competition from <i>M. vimineum</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diversity-mediated resistance did not effectively deter invasion by a highly competitive invader. In the case of <i>M. vimineum</i> and at more productive sites, it would appear that nearly complete removal of this invader is necessary to preserve plant species diversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141465678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenge accepted: Evolutionary lineages versus taxonomic classification of North American shrub willows (Salix)","authors":"Pia Marinček,&nbsp;Étienne Léveillé-Bourret,&nbsp;Ferris Heiduk,&nbsp;Jing Leong,&nbsp;Stéphane M. Bailleul,&nbsp;Martin Volf,&nbsp;Natascha D. Wagner","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16361","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16361","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The huge diversity of <i>Salix</i> subgenus <i>Chamaetia/Vetrix</i> clade in North America and the lack of phylogenetic resolution within this clade has presented a difficult but fascinating challenge for taxonomists to resolve. Here we tested the existing taxonomic classification with molecular tools.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, 132 samples representing 46 species from 22 described sections of shrub willows from the United States and Canada were analyzed and combined with 67 samples from Eurasia. The ploidy levels of the samples were determined using flow cytometry and nQuire. Sequences were produced using a RAD sequencing approach and subsequently analyzed with ipyrad, then used for phylogenetic reconstructions (RAxML, SplitsTree), dating analyses (BEAST, SNAPPER), and character evolution analyses of 14 selected morphological traits (Mesquite).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The RAD sequencing approach allowed the production of a well-resolved phylogeny of shrub willows. The resulting tree showed an exclusively North American (NA) clade in sister position to a Eurasian clade, which included some North American endemics. The NA clade began to diversify in the Miocene. Polyploid species appeared in each observed clade. Character evolution analyses revealed that adaptive traits such as habit and adaxial nectaries evolved multiple times independently.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The diversity in shrub willows was shaped by an evolutionary radiation in North America. Most species were monophyletic, but the existing sectional classification could not be supported by molecular data. Nevertheless, monophyletic lineages share several morphological characters, which might be useful in the revision of the taxonomic classification of shrub willows.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships of the wild peanut species, section Arachis: A resource for botanical classification, crop improvement, and germplasm management","authors":"Soraya C. M. Leal-Bertioli,&nbsp;Francisco J. de Blas,&nbsp;M. Carolina Chavarro,&nbsp;Charles E. Simpson,&nbsp;José F.M. Valls,&nbsp;Shyam P. Tallury,&nbsp;Márcio C. Moretzsohn,&nbsp;Adriana R. Custodio,&nbsp;H. Thomas Stalker,&nbsp;Guillermo Seijo,&nbsp;David J. Bertioli","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16357","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16357","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wild species are strategic sources of valuable traits to be introduced into crops through hybridization. For peanut, the 33 currently described wild species in the section <i>Arachis</i> are particularly important because of their sexual compatibility with the domesticated species, <i>Arachis hypogaea</i>. Although numerous wild accessions are carefully preserved in seed banks, their morphological similarities pose challenges to routine classification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a high-density array, we genotyped 272 accessions encompassing all diploid species in section <i>Arachis</i>. Detailed relationships between accessions and species were revealed through phylogenetic analyses and interpreted using the expertise of germplasm collectors and curators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two main groups were identified: one with A genome species and the other with B, D, F, G, and K genomes. Species groupings generally showed clear boundaries. Structure within groups was informative, for instance, revealing the history of the proto-domesticate <i>A. stenosperma</i>. However, some groupings suggested multiple sibling species. Others were polyphyletic, indicating the need for taxonomic revision. Annual species were better defined than perennial ones, revealing limitations in applying classical and phylogenetic species concepts to the genus<i>.</i> We suggest new species assignments for several accessions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Curated by germplasm collectors and curators, this analysis of species relationships lays the foundation for future species descriptions, classification of unknown accessions, and germplasm use for peanut improvement. It supports the conservation and curation of current germplasm, both critical tasks considering the threats to the genus posed by habitat loss and the current restrictions on new collections and germplasm transfer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinal variation in quantitative traits but not in evolutionary potential along elevational and latitudinal gradients in the widespread Anthyllis vulneraria","authors":"Laura Daco,&nbsp;Guy Colling,&nbsp;Diethart Matthies","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16360","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16360","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Strong elevational and latitudinal gradients allow the study of genetic differentiation in response to similar environmental changes. However, it is uncertain whether the environmental changes along the two types of gradients result in similar genetically based changes in quantitative traits. Peripheral arctic and alpine populations are thought to have less evolutionary potential than more central populations do.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We studied quantitative traits of the widespread <i>Anthyllis vulneraria</i> in a common garden. Plants originated from 20 populations along a 2000-m elevational gradient from the lowlands to the elevational limit of the species in the Alps, and from 20 populations along a 2400-km latitudinal gradient from the center of the distribution of the species in Central Europe to its northern distributional margin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most traits showed similar clinal variations with elevation and latitude of origin, and the magnitude of all measured traits in relation to mean annual temperature was similar. Higher <i>Q</i>_ST values than <i>F</i>_ST values in several traits indicated diversifying selection, but for others <i>Q</i>_ST was smaller than <i>F</i>_ST. Genetic diversity of quantitative traits and neutral molecular markers was not correlated. Plasticity in response to favorable conditions declined with elevation and less strongly with latitude of origin, but the evolvability of traits did not.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The clinal variation suggests adaptive differentiation of quantitative traits along the two gradients. The evolutionary potential of peripheral populations is not necessarily reduced, but lower plasticity may threaten their survival under rapidly changing climatic conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The tiny drivers behind plant ecology and evolution”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16358","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16358","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lau, J. A, and L. G. Bolin. 2024. The tiny drivers behind plant ecology and evolution. <i>American Journal of Botany</i> e16234. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16324</p><p>Our original schematic in Figure 1, which described the processes discussed in our article, included a drawing of an epiphytic orchid. Such a plant would not typically grow in soils and would not have the root structure illustrated in the figure. Accordingly, we have replaced the aboveground plant drawing with a more appropriate taxon.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141309354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating historical drivers of latitudinal gradients in polyploid plant biogeography: A multiclade perspective","authors":"Eric R. Hagen,&nbsp;Thais Vasconcelos,&nbsp;James D. Boyko,&nbsp;Jeremy M. Beaulieu","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16356","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16356","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportion of polyploid plants in a community increases with latitude, and different hypotheses have been proposed about which factors drive this pattern. Here, we aimed to understand the historical causes of the latitudinal polyploidy gradient using a combination of ancestral state reconstruction methods. Specifically, we assessed whether (1) polyploidization enables movement to higher latitudes (i.e., polyploidization precedes occurrences in higher latitudes) or (2) higher latitudes facilitate polyploidization (i.e., occurrence in higher latitudes precedes polyploidization).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reconstructed the ploidy states and ancestral niches of 1032 angiosperm species at four paleoclimatic time slices ranging from 3.3 million years ago to the present, comprising taxa from four well-represented clades: Onagraceae, Primulaceae, <i>Solanum</i> (Solanaceae), and Pooideae (Poaceae). We used ancestral niche reconstruction models alongside a customized discrete character evolution model to allow reconstruction of states at specific time slices. Patterns of latitudinal movement were reconstructed and compared in relation to inferred ploidy shifts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No single hypothesis applied equally well across all analyzed clades. While significant differences in median latitudinal occurrence were detected in the largest clade, Poaceae, no significant differences were detected in latitudinal movement in any clade.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our preliminary study is the first to attempt to connect ploidy changes to continuous latitudinal movement, but we cannot favor one hypothesis over another. Given that patterns seem to be clade-specific, more clades must be analyzed in future studies for generalities to be drawn.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141309355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Patterns of leaf trait variation underlie ecological differences among sympatric tree species of Damburneya in a tropical rainforest”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16359","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16359","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Giraldo-Kalil, L. J., J. Campo, H. Paz, and J. Núñez-Farfán. 2022. Patterns of leaf trait variation underlie ecological differences among sympatric tree species of <i>Damburneya</i> in a tropical rainforest. <i>American Journal of Botany</i> 109(9): 1394–1409. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16056</p><p>In the Supporting Information of our article, we accidentally included the table of Appendix S6 twice and omitted the table of Appendix S5. The complete supporting information is now available.</p><p>We have taken this opportunity to correct two typing errors in the Materials and Methods section. In the description of the study site, the “San Martín Tuxtla volcano” was incompletely written as “San Martín volcano.”</p><p>In the same paragraph, we described that temperature reduces with increasing elevations; however, when we provided further detail in parentheses, we mistakenly assigned temperature ranges to their corresponding elevations by writing 1100 m a.s.l. when referring to 100 m a.s.l., and vice versa. This should have read: “With increasing altitude, the mean annual temperature decreases (from 23–24°C at 100 m a.s.l. to 20–21°C at 1100 m a.s.l.).”</p><p>We apologize for these errors–The Authors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomics of Brachystegia: Insights into the origin of African miombo woodlands","authors":"Arthur F. Boom,&nbsp;Jérémy Migliore,&nbsp;Dario I. Ojeda Alayon,&nbsp;Esra Kaymak,&nbsp;Olivier J. Hardy","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16352","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16352","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phylogenetic approaches can provide valuable insights on how and when a biome emerged and developed using its structuring species. In this context, <i>Brachystegia</i> Benth, a dominant genus of trees in miombo woodlands, appears as a key witness of the history of the largest woodland and savanna biome of Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reconstructed the evolutionary history of the genus using targeted-enrichment sequencing on 60 <i>Brachystegia</i> specimens for a nearly complete species sampling. Phylogenomic inferences used supermatrix (RAxML-NG) and summary-method (ASTRAL-III) approaches. Conflicts between species and gene trees were assessed, and the phylogeny was time-calibrated in BEAST. Introgression between species was explored using Phylonet.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The phylogenies were globally congruent regardless of the method used. Most of the species were recovered as monophyletic, unlike previous plastid phylogenetic reconstructions where lineages were shared among geographically close individuals independently of species identity. Still, most of the individual gene trees had low levels of phylogenetic information and, when informative, were mostly in conflict with the reconstructed species trees. These results suggest incomplete lineage sorting and/or reticulate evolution, which was supported by network analyses. The BEAST analysis supported a Pliocene origin for current <i>Brachystegia</i> lineages, with most of the diversification events dated to the Pliocene-Pleistocene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest a recent origin of species of the miombo, congruently with their spatial expansion documented from plastid data. <i>Brachystegia</i> species appear to behave potentially as a syngameon, a group of interfertile but still relatively well-delineated species, an aspect that deserves further investigations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141295392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect herbivory on woody broadleaf seedlings along a subtropical elevational gradient supports the resource concentration hypothesis","authors":"Xiaoran Wang,&nbsp;Lin Chen,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhang,&nbsp;Pengcheng Liu,&nbsp;Xiaofan Shang,&nbsp;Fang Wang,&nbsp;Zhaochen Zhang,&nbsp;Jingchao Zhao,&nbsp;Mufan Sun,&nbsp;Junhong Chen,&nbsp;Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16355","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16355","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Theories of plant–herbivore interactions hold that seedlings are more vulnerable to herbivory in warmer and more stable climates at lower elevations. Hypotheses of plant apparency, resource concentration, and resource availability have been proposed to explain variability in leaf herbivory. However, seasonal differences in the effects of these hypotheses on leaf herbivory on seedlings remain unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We evaluated the three herbivory hypotheses by comparing the percentage and frequency of leaf herbivory in understory broadleaf seedlings in a subtropical forest in May (spring) and October (autumn) along an elevational gradient (290–1370 m a.s.l.). In total, we measured 2890 leaves across 696 seedlings belonging to 95 species and used beta regressions to test the effects of plant apparency (e.g., leaf area, seedling height), resource concentration (e.g., plant species diversity), and resource availability (e.g., canopy openness, soil available N and P) on leaf herbivory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seedlings exhibited unimodal patterns of leaf herbivory along elevation, with drivers of leaf herbivory varying by the month. Variation in the frequency of leaf herbivory was best explained by the resource concentration hypothesis (e.g., plant species diversity) in both months, and herbivory was lower on seedlings in sites with higher plant diversity. Plant apparency hypothesis (e.g., leaf area, seedling height) was weakly supported only in spring, and the evidence for resource availability hypothesis (e.g., canopy openness, soil nutrients) was mixed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study supports the resource concentration hypothesis and reveals the importance of seasonal difference on understanding leaf herbivory patterns and the drivers of plant diversity in subtropical forests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"111 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}