World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales最新文献_第6页

Health conditions among workers who participated in the cleanup of the Chernobyl accident. 参与切尔诺贝利事故清理工作人员的健康状况。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

Z Kamarli, A Abdulina

引用次数: 0

Dosimetric support of the International Programme on the Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident (IPHECA) pilot project: main results and problems. 对切尔诺贝利事故对健康影响国际方案试点项目的剂量学支助:主要成果和问题。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

I A Likhtarev, L N Kovgan, V S Repin, I P Los', V V Chumak, D N Novak, B G Sobolev, I A Kairo, N I Chepurnoy, O N Perevosnikov, L A Litvinets

引用次数: 0

Maternal mortality. 产妇死亡率。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

C AbouZahr, T Wardlaw, C Stanton, K Hill

引用次数: 0

Double jeopardy: women and leprosy in India. 双重危险:印度的妇女和麻风病。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

C Vlassoff, S Khot, S Rao

{"title":"Double jeopardy: women and leprosy in India.","authors":"C Vlassoff, S Khot, S Rao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents evidence from two states of India, Bihar and Maharashtra, on the process of \"dehabilitation\" among male and female leprosy patients, and suggests gender-sensitive interventions to address existing problems in leprosy control. While the study investigated a wide range of gender differences in the impact of leprosy, this article focuses on only two-marriage and family reactions. Important gender differences were apparent in the impact of the disease. While both men and women were negatively affected in terms of their family and marital lives, women suffered more isolation and rejection. Psychologically, women appeared more vulnerable because they were deprived of personal contact with others in the domestic environment where they were accustomed to receiving their greatest emotional rewards. Women reported that indifference to them by other family members, or seeming negation of their presence, caused them the greatest suffering. This underscores the importance of providing information to both leprosy patients and their families about the disease and its treatment, including the possibility of cure with MDT (multi-drug therapy) and of counselling family members about their crucial role in helping patients cope and recover. This support is even more critical for women, who often lack access to the variety of outside advice and assistance available to men. The evidence presented in the article demonstrates the importance of analysing leprosy from a gender perspective, not only because this approach helps to inform our understanding of the determinants and consequences of the disease, but also because it provides new insights for improved disease control.","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"49 2","pages":"120-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20006994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SUMA (Supply Management Project), a management tool for post-disaster relief supplies. SUMA(供应管理项目)，灾后救援物资的管理工具。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

C de Ville de Goyet, E Acosta, P Sabbat, E Pluut

{"title":"SUMA (Supply Management Project), a management tool for post-disaster relief supplies.","authors":"C de Ville de Goyet, E Acosta, P Sabbat, E Pluut","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Frequently in the wake of disasters, large amounts of humanitarian supplies arrive from multiple sources within the country or from abroad. Only a portion of these donations actually responds to specific requests from the affected country. A significant part consists of unsolicited donations whose value--in terms of meeting immediate, life-threatening needs--is questioned by many disaster managers. In 1990, WHO initiated a supply management project, known as \"SUMA\", to provide national authorities with a management tool and the skills to sort and inventory large amounts of relief supplies in a short period of time. It is a technical cooperation programme to assist the local coordinating agency to get an accurate picture of what is potentially available in the affected area, and to sort the most valuable relief items from those of doubtful usefulness. National authorities have developed their SUMA teams in many situations, both in Latin America and the Caribbean; this article describes three of these experiences. A flood in Costa Rica, in 1995, where the Red Cross assumed national responsibility for managing relief supplies donated locally. The earthquake in Paéz, Colombia, also in 1995, where the National Disaster Committee activated SUMA for all supplies sent to the disaster area, with the exception of specialized health shipments channelled through the Ministry of Health. In Haiti, in 1994, a complex disaster was compounded by a tropical storm. All civilian supplies arriving at the airport were processed by the SUMA team which included customs officers among its members. The traditional problem of unsorted and inappropriate supplies, noted in most international disasters, seems to have been negligible, a trend which can perhaps be credited to 20 years of preparedness activities in Latin America and the Caribbean. The superficial analysis of the data underlines the potential for operational research on the standardized databases generated by SUMA.","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"49 3-4","pages":"189-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20116835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new role for WHO in emergencies. 世卫组织在突发事件中的新作用。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

J P Menu

引用次数: 0

Sustaining, protecting and promoting public health in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 维持、保护和促进波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的公共卫生。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

R Alderslade, G Hess, J Lárusdóttir

{"title":"Sustaining, protecting and promoting public health in Bosnia and Herzegovina.","authors":"R Alderslade, G Hess, J Lárusdóttir","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Four years of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina have severely damaged the health care system and destroyed basic infrastructures. Yet in spite of these conditions and the reappearance of several \"dormant\" diseases, no major fatal disease outbreaks have occurred. Morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases have remained surprisingly low. This article explores some of the reasons why this potentially enormous public health disaster was avoided. Public health interventions can generally be considered the outcome of two components: knowledge and action. War situations inhibit thorough or ideal data collection and therefore the balance between knowledge and action must be tipped towards the latter. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the WHO/national health monitoring system maintained a sufficient level of surveillance so as to provide early detection of significant threats to health. As the lead health agency in the conflict, WHO applied several health monitoring strategies. Major fatal epidemics were avoided because health workers have become increasingly scientific in predicting epidemics in war situations and formulating the steps necessary to limit them. Some of the preventive interventions applied in Bosnia and Herzegovina to reduce the impact of infectious diseases are discussed.","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"49 3-4","pages":"185-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20116836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Refugees: do not forget the basics. 难民:不要忘记最基本的东西。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

S Malé

引用次数: 0

Epidemiological survey of the medical consequences of the Chernobyl accident in Ukraine. 乌克兰切尔诺贝利事故医疗后果的流行病学调查。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

V A Buzunov, N P Strapko, E A Pirogova, L I Krasnikova, V N Bugayev, N A Korol, T V Treskunova, B A Ledoschuk, N A Gudzenko, E I Bomko, O A Bobyleva, G I Kartushin

{"title":"Epidemiological survey of the medical consequences of the Chernobyl accident in Ukraine.","authors":"V A Buzunov, N P Strapko, E A Pirogova, L I Krasnikova, V N Bugayev, N A Korol, T V Treskunova, B A Ledoschuk, N A Gudzenko, E I Bomko, O A Bobyleva, G I Kartushin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of the contamination resulting from the Chernobyl accident are defined, as a basis for epidemiological investigations. Due to loss of integrity of the nuclear fuel and thermal buoyancy from fire and nuclear heating, a large quantity of radioisotopes were released over a period of up to 16 days. The areas affected were very large, 37 million hectares in Ukraine alone. About 5 million persons were affected in one way or another, over 2 million of them in Ukraine. For registration and follow-up of health consequences from the accident, 4 main groups were distinguished, namely: (1) the participants in the containment of the accident and its cleanup (\"liquidators\"); (2) evacuees; (3) residents of contaminated areas; and (4) children born to parents with significant radiation exposure. Registration and epidemiological follow-up in the former USSR and the three republics afterwards are presented with an emphasis on Ukraine. Considering the long incubation times for some of the expected illnesses and relatively low average doses, the difficulties of confirming significant effects become evident. For example leucosis morbidity among cleanup personnel within a 30 km zone around the accident was 3.4 per 100,000 before the accident and 7 per 100,000 afterwards. The question of the statistical significance of such numbers is discussed by the authors, in the context of confounding factors. For some of the observed effects it has already been established that stress and anxiety caused by the accident and living conditions in the affected areas are the principal cause rather than radiation. According to the authors, more detailed retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies are needed in the future, in order to clarify the causes of observed health effects.","PeriodicalId":76824,"journal":{"name":"World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales","volume":"49 1","pages":"4-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19860196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cancer mortality in the exposed population of the Techa River area. 特查河地区受辐射人群的癌症死亡率。

World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales Pub Date : 1996-01-01

M M Kossenko

引用次数: 0