Sudhoffs Archiv最新文献

{"title":"Auf dem Weg zur Reform: Ein netzwerkanalytischer Blick auf die Akteure im Vorfeld der Psychiatrie-Enquete von 1971","authors":"F. Söhner, T. Halling, T. Becker, H. Fangerau","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the institutional development of psychiatry in West-Germany after 1945. It analyses the impact of institutional and individual relationships on the West-German Post-war psychiatry. The methods used here are an extensive research and documentary analysis as well as a qualitative content analysis of expert interviews. The main focus was on the thought collective of the Federal German reform-orientated psychiatry in the run-up of the “Psychiatrie-Enquete”. The evaluation of the expert interviews as well as the institutional structures showed the central role of Caspar Kulenkampff and Heinz Hafner. Both had an excellent network in the scene of the “Psychiatrie-Enquete’s” preparation phase. As a further result of this survey it can be asserted that not only protagonists, understood as central persons, appeared as influential figures, but also persons who had not been suspected in this role, e. g. the occupational therapist Christiane Haerlin or the former chairman of the Association of Statuary Health Insurance Physicians Josef Schmitz-Formes. In summary, the development initiating the Enquete was not defined by only one or few actors.","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69213401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Namenregister des 102. Jahrgangs","authors":"","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69213468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neue Daten zur Biographie des Klausenburger Arztes Thomas Jordanus (1540–1586)","authors":"Robert Offner","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Thomas Jordanus von Klausenburg has been one of the most famous physicians and scholars of Transylvanian origin in the 16th Century. He was the first elected Protomedicus of Moravia in Brunn/Brno (today Czech Republic). New sources are able to supplement his biography with previously unknown details like birthday, deathday, parents’ names, brothers and sisters due to detailed philological investigations (by experts from Vienna, Regensburg and Hermannstadt/Sibiu) of his father’s records, in the family’s Lutheran New Testament (Strasbourg, 1525). The manuscript also provides new data about the writer’s dialect and origin (Southern Germany) as well as about the city council elections of 1535 in Klausenburg (Cluj-Napoca). The paper also deals with Thomas Jordanus’ medical doctor degree at Valence (France) which was given to him 1562, together with his fellow student Leonhard Rauwolf and another fellow student, Johann Bauhin, later both renowned botanists.","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69212874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leopoldina: Ein Netzwerk für künftige Nobelpreisträger für Physiologie oder Medizin?","authors":"T. Halling, Ragnar Björk, H. Fangerau, N. Hansson","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"The Nobel Prize, awarded since 1901, is perceived as the most prestigious scientific prize around the globe. Thus, it is not surprising that scientific academies and universities use it strategically to boost their reputation. The German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina of Halle, Germany, proudly highlights the 174 Nobel laureates among its members. This paper explores Nobel Prize nominations of and by members of the Leopoldina and explores connections between nominator and nominee. Using historical network theory as a tool to structure large data sets and generate research questions, the core of this essay deals with the relevance of social networks for reputation processes in the sciences.","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69213411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabio Calvo – Übersetzer, Herausgeber und Fälscher hippokratischer Schriften","authors":"Mathias Witt","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Fabio Calvo (c. 1440–1527) from Ravenna, friend and humanistic adviser of the painter Raphael in Rome, published the Latin first edition of the Hippocratic Corpus in 1525, one year before the Aldine edition (Greek editio princeps, 1526). Calvo’s edition was criticized early for its editorial flaws, but nevertheless regarded as a serious source for readings and text passages which are otherwise not transmitted. On subsequent Greek editions it has had an impact that has continued to some extent even to modern times. While Calvo’s text has repeatedly been identified as a source of perpetuated errors and textual interventions, there has not yet been a comprehensive summary study of his edition and its impact on later scholarship. This paper focusses on the especially problematic textual material in Calvo, i. e. intentional or unintended mistranslations, textual additions and surplus text that is not found in any of the known manuscripts. Thus, for eleven Hippocratic treatises, which are lost or were then unknown to Calvo, he amazingly (composed and) printed beginnings of their prefaces. Even for some well-known Hippocratic treatises additional introductory sections are given that are not transmitted elsewhere. Two dubious pseudo-Hippocratic writings are included in Calvo’s edition. The first one is a translation of two chapters from Aetius of Amida’s (4th century AD) Byzantine medical compilation. The second one seems to be an abridged and rearranged version of the pseudogalenic “On urines”. Pseudo-Balbus’ “De Asse” (on medical weights and measures) is included in Calvo’s print as well. For the most part of this treatise, as edited by Calvo, there is no evidence in the manuscripts known today. While a significant portion of the surplus passages in Calvo is evidently a fabrication, as this study demonstrates, the origin of the additional passages of Pseudo-Balbus’ treatise remains unclear. There has not yet been a systematic evaluation of Calvo’s edition, the possibility of discovering further textual oddities in it therefore remains.","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69212835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Olaf Breidbach (1957-2014)].","authors":"T. Bach","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2014-0011","url":null,"abstract":"When Olaf Breidbach took over the directorate of the Ernst-Haeckel-Haus on 1 April 1995, the philosopher and neurobiologist officially commenced his career as an historian of science. For almost twenty years he held the chair of History of Science in the Biological-Pharmaceutical Faculty of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, at the Institute for the History of Medicine, Science and Technology and the field of theoretical biology situated in the Ernst-Haeckel-Haus. From the very beginning he fulfilled his post with a fine sense of flair and ability for the unique possibilities offered at the institute with its museum, archive and the graduate study in the history of science as well as firmly anchoring this institute in the field of theoretical biology within the Biological-Pharmaceutical Faculty. In one of the oldest institutions for history of science in Germany he understood its genius loci as both an educational and research centre, as well as the importance of a cultural orientation of the history of science that facilitated leading dialogues and encounters between the natural sciences and the humanities. He was very much aware of his responsibility towards the University. The University of Jena acknowledged his inter-disciplinary work when he was awarded an additional membership of the philosophical faculty. His reputation as an historian of science was acknowledged and recognised far beyond Jena as well. Since the 1990s he had already established particularly good relations with Italy, most notably with Gian Franco Frigo (Padua) and Stefano Poggi (Florence). In 2004 he was appointed a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, and the following year he was elected as a corresponding member in the Mathematical-Physical Class of the Academy of Sciences at the University of Gottingen. From 2009 he was co-editor of Sudhoffs Archiv and took responsibility for the section for history of biology and the life sciences. He worked in this function for barely five short years. Olaf Breidbach died in Jena on 22 July 2014 after a severe illness; he was only 56 years of age. The history of science has lost an outstanding research personality who was a captivating university teacher in his lectures, seminars and papers, and a truly farsighted scientific organiser.","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"98 2 1","pages":"131-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41691826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fixing Ethical Rules for Midwives in the Early Roman Imperial Period: Soranus, ‘Gynaecia’ I 3–4","authors":"Ecca Giulia","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2017-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2017-0005","url":null,"abstract":"The first two chapters of Soranus of Ephesus’ ‘Gynaecia’ (first c. AD) include ethical rules for the ideal midwife. These rules show striking analogies with the content of the deontological works of the Corpus Hippocraticum (‘Iusiurandum’, ‘Lex’, ‘Testamentum’, ‘De decenti habitu’, ‘Praecepta’ and ‘De medico’). In this paper, I shall for the first time detect, explore and comment on these analogies. From the detailed examination of the texts, it emerges that at the beginning of the Roman Imperial Period a common ethical model for both the ideal physician and the ideal midwife was probably circulating. This ethical model contributed to fix the ethical rules for physicians and midwives transmitted in the writing by Soranus as well as in the texts attributed to Hippocrates.","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69211009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proportionendenken und Staatsphilosophie: Edition und Übersetzung der Politischen Arithmetik von Joseph Louis Lagrange","authors":"Jörn Henrich","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2017-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2017-0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69210913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carl Heinrich Beckers Hochschulreform und die Deutschen Kampfspiele 1922","authors":"J. Court","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2017-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2017-0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69210929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte des biologischen Terminus ‚Gen‘","authors":"K. Plischke, A. Labisch","doi":"10.25162/sudhoff-2017-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25162/sudhoff-2017-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary philosophy of science places the origins of the predominant attributes of the term ‘gene’ in the year 1900 when Gregor Mendel’s work was rediscovered. After that, his phrase of discrete units of heredity, which he had developed on purely statistical and formal grounds, was replaced by that of morphologically definable and experimentally verifiable factors on chromosomes. Yet it was the speculative biology of the second half of the 19th century that opened up the epistemic sphere for a new conception of heredity: heredity as the transmission of particulate, hereditable material units with a tendency for self-preservation. This approach helped the then young discipline of biology get geared towards pure science with the aim of dissociating its terminology, which was deduced a priori, from the preconceptions of natural philosophy. In the early 20th century, the era of classical genetics, experimental systems were developed which, by means of experiments on model organisms, defined the hereditary particles, which had been speculatively assumed and the terminology for which had been developed in strict argumentations in the 19th century, more precisely and, in the 1940s, associated them with nucleic acid: physically detectable, material units without any final causality. They were said to be stable and, at the same time, mutable as well as capable of self-reproductivity, self-selectivity and memory. The term ‚code mechanism‘ paraphrases this dimension formerly unknown to physics. DNA epitomizes the perfect biological principle. The gene is declared the reason for the spontaneity and the specificity of organic matter. Still this concept includes components that have been framed by the biology of the 19th century. The most recent conception of the gene is not free from teleological anthropomorphisms. The sheer physical automatism gives the picture of molecular initial conditions that would contain the causes for the outcome of the development of the organism with all its variability, conceptualized by the term memory.","PeriodicalId":76565,"journal":{"name":"Sudhoffs Archiv","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69211917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}