Advances in Water Resources最新文献

{"title":"Friction and geometric source terms in a 1D augmented shallow water equations system","authors":"A. Valiani,&nbsp;V. Caleffi","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper deals with source terms due to flow resistance and geometric variability in a new formulation of the one-dimensional <em>augmented</em> Shallow Water Equations (SWE) for open channels and rivers with arbitrarily shaped cross sections. In the classical treatment of the Shallow Water Equations, source terms are due to geometric irregularities on the one hand and to friction on the other. In the present approach, geometrical irregularities are incorporated in the convective term, while a specific numerical treatment of the friction source term is introduced, which is able to face <em>stiff</em> problems.</div><div>The robustness of the augmented inviscid model is maintained when the cross section presents high irregularities; the focused treatment of the stiffness allows to preserve the accuracy when the water depth assumes very low values, as in the case of wave propagation over dry bed.</div><div>The additional variable introduced to obtain the augmented SWE depends on the section considered and the type of geometric irregularity encountered, but the formulation is general and designed for an extended variety of practical cases.</div><div>The numerical method used to integrate the system of hyperbolic balance laws with source terms is a Strong Stability Preserving Implicit–Explicit (IMEX) Runge–Kutta method, which is embedded on a path-conservative Dumbser Osher Toro (DOT) Finite Volume Method (FVM) method, which is second order accurate in space and time. This accuracy is maintained in the stiff limit, which is reached when a very small depth occurs.</div><div>After checking the order of accuracy of the numerical scheme on two smooth test cases – wet bed and dry bed, respectively – the mathematical model and its numerical implementation are validated on very different examples: <em>i)</em> the computation of quasi uniform flow in an uneven trapezoidal channel, which allows to generalize the concept of bed slope when several generatrice lines of different slope are used to reconstruct the wetted perimeter of the channel; <em>ii)</em> the simulation of dam break flows on a dry bed including friction for different power-law cross section channels, which is specifically dedicated to show the robustness of the method on the wave front where the water depth approaches zero, in very different narrowness configuration of the channel geometry. Very good results are obtained in all cases, demonstrating the wide applicability of the method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fast flood inundation model with groundwater interactions and hydraulic structures","authors":"Brett F. Sanders ,&nbsp;Jochen E. Schubert ,&nbsp;Eva-Marie H. Martin ,&nbsp;Shichen Wang ,&nbsp;Michael C. Sukop ,&nbsp;Katharine J. Mach","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To efficiently predict flooding caused by intense rainfall (pluvial flooding), many physics-based flood inundation models adopt simplistic parameterizations of infiltration such as the Kostiakov, Horton, Soil Conservation Service and Green-Ampt methods. However, these methods are not explicitly dependent on soil moisture (or the groundwater table height), which is known to strongly influence the amount of runoff generated by rainfall. Models that fully couple surface and groundwater flow equations offer an alternative approach, but require larger amounts of input data and greater computational effort. Here we present a fast flood inundation model that couples two-dimensional shallow-water equations for surface flow with a zero-dimensional, time-dependent groundwater equation to capture sensitivity to groundwater. The model is also configured to account for storm drains, pumping and gates so human influences on flooding can be resolved, and is implemented with a dual-grid finite-volume scheme and with OpenACC directives for execution on graphical processing units (GPUs). With a 1.5 m resolution application across a 1,000 km<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> area in Miami, Florida, where pluvial flooding is sensitive to depth to groundwater and simulation models that accurately reproduce observed flooding are needed to explore and plan response options, we first show that hourly water levels are predicted with a Mean Absolute Error of 8–16 cm across six canal gaging stations where flows are affected by tides, pumping, gate operations, and rainfall runoff. Second, we show high sensitivity of flooding to antecedent groundwater levels: flood extent is predicted to vary by a factor of six when initial depth to groundwater is varied between 10 and 200 cm, an amount that aligns with seasonal changes across the area. And third, we show that the model runs 30 times faster than real time (i.e., model speed = 30) using an NVIDIA V100 GPU. Furthermore, using a 3 m resolution model of Houston, Texas, we benchmark model speeds greater than 20 and 100 for domain sizes of 10,000 or 1,000 km<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, respectively. The importance of model speed is discussed in the context of flood risk management and adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of migration and sequestration dynamics of dense liquid CO2 in offshore shallow saline aquifers","authors":"Yanyong Wang ,&nbsp;Song Li ,&nbsp;Vishnu Jayaprakash ,&nbsp;Xiyi Peng ,&nbsp;Jialin Shi ,&nbsp;Jiatong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geological sequestration of CO₂ in saline aquifers presents a promising strategy for large-scale greenhouse gas mitigation. While most existing studies have focused on the storage of supercritical CO₂, in the high-pressure and low-temperature conditions typical of offshore shallow saline aquifers, CO₂ may exist in a dense liquid phase. This phase exhibits distinct properties such as higher density and viscosity, which significantly influence its migration behavior and trapping forms. In this study, we develop numerical models to simulate CO₂ injection into offshore shallow saline aquifers, incorporating key trapping processes, including local capillary trapping, residual trapping, and dissolution trapping. High-resolution two-phase flow simulations are employed to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of CO₂ plume and the dynamic transition of sequestration forms. We systematically evaluate the impacts of the CO₂ phase state, formation heterogeneity (characterized by dimensionless horizontal/vertical autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneity degree), and injection rate on CO₂ migration and storage performance. The results highlight distinct differences in migration patterns and trapping mechanisms between liquid-phase and supercritical CO₂ in offshore saline aquifers. Formation heterogeneity, particularly the autocorrelation length and global heterogeneity of the permeability field, plays a critical role in controlling plume evolution and sequestration efficiency. Saline aquifers with larger horizontal autocorrelation lengths or higher heterogeneity exhibit underutilized storage capacity despite reduced leakage risk through the caprock. In contrast, saline aquifers with larger vertical autocorrelation lengths tend to achieve higher storage efficiency but are associated with increased leakage potential. Under high injection rates, CO₂ is more likely to invade pores with higher capillary entry pressures, resulting in elevated saturations near the injection zone. These findings offer valuable insights into the migration dynamics and long-term stability of liquid-phase CO₂ in offshore shallow saline aquifers and guide the safe and efficient implementation of CO₂ sequestration strategies in such settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-CT imaging of drainage and spontaneous imbibition for underground hydrogen storage in saline aquifers","authors":"Waleed Dokhon,&nbsp;Ahmed AlZaabi,&nbsp;Branko Bijeljic,&nbsp;Martin J. Blunt","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates hydrogen-brine displacement dynamics in Bentheimer sandstone, with a focus on spontaneous imbibition and its role in underground hydrogen storage in saline aquifers. The displacement is considered in two steps: (1) spontaneous imbibition, where gas is connected and capillary pressure decreases during withdrawal, and (2) brine flooding, where most of the gas is disconnected and the capillary pressure can become negative.</div><div>The experiments were conducted using high-resolution micro-CT imaging at 3.1 µm/voxel resolution under 4 MPa and 23 °C conditions. A water-wet porous plate was placed at the outlet to mimic an aquifer source to perform multiple drainage displacements to anchor the irreducible water saturation, followed by spontaneous imbibition, where capillary pressure was reduced incrementally. After reaching <em>P_c</em> = 0, the pressure was maintained for 48 h to observe gas rearrangement via Ostwald ripening at the end of spontaneous imbibition, followed by brine injection to evaluate the gas recovery.</div><div>The results showed that spontaneous imbibition led to significant gas snap-off below <em>P_c</em> = 5 kPa, and over 40 % of the initial gas was displaced when <em>P_c</em> reached 0; the gas saturation was 0.51. After the storage time, the initially disconnected large gas clusters became connected across most of the sample’s length. Subsequent brine injection led to some additional gas displacement, with the final gas saturation reaching 0.43. <em>In situ</em> contact angle measurements at <em>P_c</em> = 0 and after brine injection showed an average of 40 °, indicating water-wet conditions, while the H₂-brine interfacial curvature was low, consistent with a local capillary pressure of approximately only 1 kPa. Pore occupancy analysis showed gas was initially displaced from narrow pores, with residual gas ganglia trapped in the largest pores, as expected in a water-wet rock. These findings demonstrate that spontaneous imbibition alone can account for a significant fraction of gas displacement above the gas-water contact and should be incorporated into capillary pressure-saturation models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105064"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STONet: A neural operator for modeling solute transport in micro-cracked reservoirs","authors":"Ehsan Haghighat ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hesan Adeli ,&nbsp;S. Mohammad Mousavi ,&nbsp;Ruben Juanes","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we introduce a novel neural operator, the Solute Transport Operator Network (STONet), to efficiently model contaminant transport in micro-cracked porous media. STONet’s model architecture is specifically designed for this problem and uniquely integrates an enriched DeepONet structure with a transformer-based multi-head attention mechanism, enhancing performance without incurring additional computational overhead compared to existing neural operators. The model combines different networks to encode heterogeneous properties effectively and predict the rate of change of the concentration field to accurately model the transport process. The training data is obtained using finite element (FEM) simulations by random sampling of micro-fracture distributions and applied pressure boundary conditions, which capture diverse scenarios of fracture densities, orientations, apertures, lengths, and balance of pressure-driven to density-driven flow. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that, once trained, STONet achieves accurate predictions, with relative errors typically below 1% compared with FEM simulations while reducing runtime by approximately two orders of magnitude. This type of computational efficiency facilitates building digital twins for rapid assessment of subsurface contamination risks and optimization of environmental remediation strategies. The data and code for the paper are accessible at <span><span>https://github.com/ehsanhaghighat/STONet</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical study on dynamic flow past two tandem porous circular cylinders near a moving wall at Reynolds number of 150","authors":"Hoang Quan Nguyen ,&nbsp;Pramudita Satria Palar ,&nbsp;Lavi Rizki Zuhal ,&nbsp;Jhe-Kai Lin ,&nbsp;Viet Dung Duong","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces the first comprehensive numerical analysis of dynamic flows past two tandem porous circular cylinders positioned near a moving wall, using lattice Boltzmann method integrated with block-structured topology-confined mesh refinement. Simulations are conducted in wide parameter space of spacing ratios <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></math></span>, gap ratios <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span>, and porosities <span><math><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></math></span> at Reynolds number of 150 (where <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mi>D</mi></math></span> are two cylinder’s spacing, cylinder-wall gap and cylinder diameter, respectively). Five distinct flow regimes are identified as overshoot (OS), pairwise (PW) reattachment (CR-continuous reattachment and AR-alternative reattachment), quasi-coshedding (QS), and co-shedding (CS), driven by the variation of porosity, spacing, and gap ratios. Wake transitions reveal complex flow dynamics, with the OS regime marked by shear-boundary layer interactions, CR and AR regimes exhibiting primary vortex shedding, and QS and CS regimes displaying primary, two-layered and secondary vortex shedding modes. Flow transitions diminish at small gap ratios, while at moderate spacing ratios, four regimes of PW, CR, AR, and CS occur, with QS and CS interchanging at large spacing ratios. Hydrodynamically, upstream cylinder fully shadows downstream one near moving wall. The upstream cylinder’s drag coefficient changes inversely related to the downstream cylinder’s. The moderate gap ratio induces dominant Karman vortex shedding behind the downstream cylinder. The porosity coefficient significantly influences the vortex shedding frequency for two cylinders at moderate spacing and gap ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105054"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of seasonality and plant morphology on wake characteristics behind a patch of natural-like riparian vegetation","authors":"Marco Maio,&nbsp;Nicola Fontana,&nbsp;Gustavo Marini","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Behind a riparian vegetation patch, wake characteristics including a region of reduced flow velocity and increased turbulence may promote sediment deposition and further vegetation growth, thus understanding riparian vegetation-associated flow and wake characteristics is crucial to studying and developing predictive models for hydromorphological processes. Through flume experiments we explore the flow structure downstream of a circular vegetation patch of complex morphology to investigate the impact of seasonality and reconfiguration on wake features. To this end, three cases including one leafless, and two foliated plant patches representative of riparian species were tested under two flow conditions. The findings reveal the presence of leaves and branches to affect the mean and turbulent flow fields generating additional mixing as compared with models based on rigid cylinders. Due to the complex volume distribution in the vertical direction, three-dimensional flow structures were attained downstream of the riparian vegetation with the vertical flow forcing generating mixing that inhibited formation of the von Karman vortex street. In contrast, the flow structure downstream of the leafless patch was similar to that obtained for rigid cylinders with the occurrence of two-dimensional flow field. The differing plant morphologies affected the reconfiguration process consequently impacting wake size. The main differences were obtained for the lowest bulk flow velocity tested with the plant patch comprising longer leaves that streamlined and aligned with the flow resulting in smaller wake width than the elliptical leaves plant patch.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical, numerical, and experimental studies on the performance of low-permeability shoreline barriers on enhancing groundwater extraction in strip island aquifers","authors":"Min Yan ,&nbsp;Huiqiang Wu ,&nbsp;Chong Sheng ,&nbsp;Chunhui Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strategy of using low-permeability barriers along the shoreline of oceanic islands was proposed recently and demonstrated effective in enhancing fresh groundwater storage. However, the effect of low-permeability barriers on groundwater extraction in island aquifers remains unknown and requires further investigation. By assuming a pumping well located at the center of a strip island with low-permeability shoreline barriers, we develop analytical solutions for the critical pumping rate (at which the seawater cone just reaches the bottom of the well) and the location of the steady-state freshwater-seawater interface under the critical pumping rate. The proposed analytical solutions are verified with numerical and experimental results, showing good agreement. The results also confirm the existence of critical barrier depth, beyond which a partially penetrating barrier can yield the same critical pumping rate as a fully penetrating barrier. The critical barrier depth is determined analytically, smaller than that required for achieving the maximum fresh groundwater volume (i.e., without pumping). Sensitivity analyses show that the critical pumping rate initially increases and then decreases as the barrier width increases, where the critical barrier width corresponding to the maximum critical pumping rate can be determined analytically. Our study presents an analytical tool for preliminary assessments of groundwater extraction in barrier-embedded island aquifers, thereby providing essential guidance for the design of shoreline barriers for improving groundwater availability and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105056"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data driven deep learning method for quantifying groundwater flux in deep fractured aquifers with the fractured rock passive flux meter","authors":"Qasim Khan ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Harald Klammler ,&nbsp;Beth L. Parker ,&nbsp;Kirk Hatfield","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Movement of groundwater in fractured aquifers is highly variable and depends on many factors besides fracture apertures. Hence, downhole techniques that directly map fracture locations, orientations, apertures, and measure groundwater fluxes are valuable tools. Here, we explored the possibility of using the Fractured Rock Passive Flux Meter (FRPFM) with visible dye component to measure groundwater fluxes and identify geometric fracture parameters through laboratory experiments. For this purpose, we used the deep learning model YOLOv8 to accurately identify the dye marks and to measure their areas <span><math><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and widths <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msub><mi>z</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> from images of the dyed fabric. Results showed that groundwater fluxes were measured with relative errors of ±23 % and ±16 % based on <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msub><mi>z</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, respectively, with an overall relative error of ±20 %. The YOLOv8 model showed very good accuracy by achieving high precision <span><math><mi>P</mi></math></span> = 0.99 and recall <span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span> = 0.75 for both object detection and mask predictions. The <span><math><mi>P</mi></math></span>-<span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span>-curve showed that accuracy can be improved by using more images to train the model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of key influencing factors for CO2 residual trapping within porous media","authors":"Xiangyang Lu ,&nbsp;Liang Xu ,&nbsp;Wenbin Gao ,&nbsp;Yiyan Zhong ,&nbsp;Qi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a pore-scale two-phase flow model is developed by coupling the Navier–Stokes equations with the phase-field method to investigate the effects of wettability, viscosity ratio (<em>M</em>), and drainage–imbibition cycles on CO₂ residual trapping. Numerical simulations reveal that under unfavorable viscosity ratios (<em>M</em> &lt; 1), the CO₂ drainage front becomes unstable, while wettability significantly influences the two-phase drainage patterns. When the CO₂ front breakthrough, strongly water-wet media exhibit lower initial CO₂ saturation and higher inlet drainage pressure. After breakthrough, the inlet pressure in these media shows multiple peaks, with corresponding fluctuations in CO₂ saturation at the pressure maxima. During forced imbibition, CO₂ in the strongly water-wet medium undergoes initial residual trapping followed by transport and escape due to water phase expansion, resulting in a stepwise decline in residual CO₂ saturation and indicating potential secondary transport behavior. The two-phase <em>M</em> in the reservoir environment is not the main factor dominating the drainage pattern and CO₂ residual trapping efficiency. Strongly water-wet systems tend to form sparse, large-scale residual CO₂ clusters, while weakly water-wet systems favor dense, small-scale distributions. An increased <em>M</em> suppresses jamming by enhancing viscous resistance in the non-wetting phase, thereby increasing the average droplet size. Simulations of the drainage-imbibition cycle show that residual CO₂ droplets reduce the effective permeability of the porous medium, elevate the inlet pressure, and delay breakthrough phenomenon, which is beneficial for geological CO₂ sequestration. However, the cycling process increases the escape risk of residual CO₂ phase at the outlet, and the residual CO₂ saturation tends to decrease with the number of cycles. The research results provide theoretical support for the capacity evaluation and risk management of geological CO₂ storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}