Advances in Water Resources最新文献

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Estimating horizontal velocity in shallow aquifers from temperature perturbations in observation boreholes responding to pumping 从观测钻孔响应抽水的温度扰动估计浅层含水层的水平速度
IF 4.2 2区 环境科学与生态学
Advances in Water Resources Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105072
Davide Furlanetto
{"title":"Estimating horizontal velocity in shallow aquifers from temperature perturbations in observation boreholes responding to pumping","authors":"Davide Furlanetto","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The practice of measuring groundwater temperature is growing rapidly and has already demonstrated to be a valuable source of information for estimating soil hydraulic parameters, groundwater–surface water exchanges, and for identifying preferential flow in both fractured and sedimentary aquifers. In the zone of seasonal thermal dynamics of unconfined sedimentary aquifers, temperature measurements in observation wells are found to exhibit a particular perturbation when the water column responds to pumping wells located in the proximity. This paper presents a description of the mechanism underlying this thermal perturbation, validating it by means of three-dimensional numerical modeling, and explores its potential as a source of information. In particular, it presents a framework enabling to estimate in-well water horizontal velocities from the time required for these temperature perturbations to reach a peak. The proposed technique is based on simple data post-processing and does not require additional experimental endeavors beyond the deployment of temperature and pressure sensors. Furthermore, through a global sensitivity analysis based on Monte Carlo numerical simulations, we show that in-well heat propagation begins to show sensitivity to the thermal properties of the well screen, the filter pack and the natural porous medium at thermal Peclet numbers lower than approximately 3.7.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling fluid flow in fractured porous media with a combined Phase-Field and Navier-Stokes technique 结合相场和Navier-Stokes技术模拟裂缝性多孔介质中的流体流动
IF 4.2 2区 环境科学与生态学
Advances in Water Resources Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105082
A.R. Khoei, E. Ahmadi, M.H. Tabatabaei
{"title":"Modeling fluid flow in fractured porous media with a combined Phase-Field and Navier-Stokes technique","authors":"A.R. Khoei,&nbsp;E. Ahmadi,&nbsp;M.H. Tabatabaei","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerical modeling of fluid flow in porous media with discontinuities often relies on simplifications that overlook important factors commonly encountered in real scenarios, such as interfacial conditions between fractures and the surrounding porous media, as well as deviations from classical flow theories, including Poiseuille flow. This includes fluid flow in two and three dimensions within cracks that have non-parallel walls, particularly at high Reynolds numbers. This paper introduces a novel set of continuous partial differential equations derived from the Navier-Stokes equations and Phase-Field theory to effectively model fluid flow through cracked, saturated porous media. The Phase-Field theory facilitates a continuous transition from the Navier-Stokes equations governing fluid flow in cracked domains to the mass and momentum conservation equations that govern intact porous media. The proposed model enhances the simulation accuracy of fluid flow through porous media that contain discontinuities, effectively addressing the complex conditions associated with cracks and discontinuities within the medium. The Characteristic-Based Split (CBS) method is employed to derive the governing equations. Furthermore, the computational model is validated against two benchmark problems within the CBS framework. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through two examples of fluid flow in cracked porous media; one including an inclined crack and the other presenting an edge crack with converging walls. The final example illustrates how channel tortuosity influences flow behavior in channels confined by porous media, highlighting flow patterns in channels with complex geometries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pore-scale evaluation of hydrogen storage and recovery in basaltic formations 玄武岩储氢和采氢的孔隙尺度评价
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学
Advances in Water Resources Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105068
Enoch Ibitogbe, Adedapo N. Awolayo
{"title":"Pore-scale evaluation of hydrogen storage and recovery in basaltic formations","authors":"Enoch Ibitogbe, Adedapo N. Awolayo","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105068","url":null,"abstract":"Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in basaltic rocks offers a scalable solution for large-scale sustainable energy needs, yet its efficiency is limited by poorly constrained pore-scale hysteresis during cyclic hydrogen-brine flow. While basaltic rocks have been extensively studied for carbon sequestration and critical mineral extraction, the pore-scale physics governing cyclic hydrogen-brine interactions, particularly the roles of snap-off, wettability, and hysteresis, remain inadequately understood. This knowledge gap hinders the development of predictive models and optimization strategies for UHS performance.","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"73 1","pages":"105068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Longitudinal dispersion coefficient based on hydraulic geometry of streams and rivers 基于溪流和河流水力几何的纵向弥散系数
IF 4.2 2区 环境科学与生态学
Advances in Water Resources Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105065
Grenda Izabeli Menezes da Silva , Michael Mannich , Alondra Beatriz Alvarez Perez , Pedro Luiz Borges Chaffe
{"title":"Longitudinal dispersion coefficient based on hydraulic geometry of streams and rivers","authors":"Grenda Izabeli Menezes da Silva ,&nbsp;Michael Mannich ,&nbsp;Alondra Beatriz Alvarez Perez ,&nbsp;Pedro Luiz Borges Chaffe","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The longitudinal dispersion coefficient is key to determining the fate and transport of pollutants in rivers. However, its empirical estimation is usually hindered by a lack of data and the complexity of discharge and channel geometry relations. In this study, we develop an analytical equation of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient that takes into account channel cross-section characteristics obtained through hydraulic geometry relations. The analytical equation is solved by combining the simplification made by Deng et al..(2001) with Fischer’s triple integral. We test the new equation using a dataset of the shape parameter based on the hydraulic geometry of Brazilian rivers. The proposed equation highlights that the inclusion of an open shape site-specific parameter enhances the estimation of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Non-stationary frequency analysis of long-term convection permitting simulations reveals sub-daily extreme precipitation changes in central-southern Europe 允许模拟的长期对流的非平稳频率分析揭示了欧洲中南部次日极端降水变化
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学
Advances in Water Resources Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105071
Marco Lompi, Francesco Marra, Roberto Deidda, Enrica Caporali, Marco Borga, Eleonora Dallan
{"title":"Non-stationary frequency analysis of long-term convection permitting simulations reveals sub-daily extreme precipitation changes in central-southern Europe","authors":"Marco Lompi, Francesco Marra, Roberto Deidda, Enrica Caporali, Marco Borga, Eleonora Dallan","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105071","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing the impact of climate change on extreme precipitation is a critical task for adapting flood mitigation strategies. Nowadays, Convection Permitting Models (CPM) are the state-of-the-art tool to simulate current and future extreme precipitation, as they explicitly represent convective processes, outperforming climate models with coarser resolutions. Nevertheless, CPM are computationally demanding and typically limited to decadal periods, making them potentially more affected by internal variability.","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"317 1","pages":"105071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of wetting films on the stability of two-phase flow in porous media: A pore-doublet perspective 润湿膜对多孔介质中两相流稳定性的影响:双孔视角
IF 4.2 2区 环境科学与生态学
Advances in Water Resources Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105060
Nathan Bernard, Cyprien Soulaine, Sophie Roman
{"title":"Impact of wetting films on the stability of two-phase flow in porous media: A pore-doublet perspective","authors":"Nathan Bernard,&nbsp;Cyprien Soulaine,&nbsp;Sophie Roman","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-phase flow stability in porous media depends on a complex interplay between surface tension effects and viscous forces. We investigate the role of wetting films on the stability of two-phase flow during drainage. Such films are ubiquitous in porous media and are deposited at the solid walls and corners after the passage of the meniscus. We derive a novel dynamic pore-doublet model with identical channels that includes the effects of lubricating films. Direct comparisons with microfluidic experiments highlight that neglecting wetting films in pore-doublets analysis leads to significant prediction errors. We demonstrate that pore-doublet models with wetting films reproduce stability phase diagrams similar to the so-called Lenormand diagrams. At high viscosity ratios, our model predicts phase transition between stable, viscous, and capillary fingering regimes that agree very well with Lenormand phase diagrams obtained using complex porous structures. Our study demonstrates that using simple systems, such as pore doublets with lubricating films, allows us to capture the non-linear response of two-phase flow stability similar to those observed in complex pore networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Performance assessment of neural network models for seasonal weather forecast postprocessing in the Alpine region 高寒地区季节天气预报后处理的神经网络模型性能评价
IF 4.2 2区 环境科学与生态学
Advances in Water Resources Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105061
Sameer Balaji Uttarwar , Sebastian Lerch , Diego Avesani , Bruno Majone
{"title":"Performance assessment of neural network models for seasonal weather forecast postprocessing in the Alpine region","authors":"Sameer Balaji Uttarwar ,&nbsp;Sebastian Lerch ,&nbsp;Diego Avesani ,&nbsp;Bruno Majone","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonal weather forecasts are crucial for water-related sectors. However, the presence of systematic biases limits the usefulness of global seasonal weather forecasts produced by numerical weather prediction models. Although statistical postprocessing approaches, such as empirical quantile mapping, are widely used to improve accuracy and reliability, they have limitations in the accuracy of forecast values outside the training period and difficulties in incorporating multiple static and dynamic environmental variables to capture non-linear dependencies. This study seeks to overcome these limitations by implementing a neural network-based distributional regression method as a postprocessing tool. The study investigates the performance of these methods using seasonal forecasts of total precipitation and 2-meter temperatures for a one-month lead time over the Trentino-South Tyrol region in the northeastern Italian Alps. The forecast dataset is the fifth-generation seasonal weather forecast system (SEAS5) generated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which has a 0.125°x 0.125°horizontal grid resolution with 25 ensemble members over the period from 1981 to 2016. The reference dataset is a high-resolution (250 m x 250 m) gridded observational data over the region. The performance of both methods is evaluated with a focus on the effects of forecast lead times, location, and seasonal variability. Results show that the neural network-based approach consistently outperforms empirical quantile mapping, especially during short lead times and at higher elevations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105061"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elastic wave propagation and attenuation through deformable porous media containing two immiscible fluids taking into account gravity effect 考虑重力效应的弹性波在含两种非混相流体的可变形多孔介质中的传播与衰减
IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学
Advances in Water Resources Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105069
WeiCheng Lo
{"title":"Elastic wave propagation and attenuation through deformable porous media containing two immiscible fluids taking into account gravity effect","authors":"WeiCheng Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105069","url":null,"abstract":"The present study develops a rigorous mathematical framework for describing elastic wave propagation and attenuation in a deformable porous medium containing two immiscible fluids, all under the influence of gravitational forces. Starting from the conservation laws of mass and momentum, we derive a comprehensive set of coupled partial differential equations, employing the displacement vectors of the solid matrix and the two fluids as the primary dependent variables. The classic dynamic equations for dilatational motions, as originally formulated by Biot to incorporate gravitational body forces, emerge as a limiting case of our model when reduced to a single-phase system. A sextic polynomial dispersion equation is subsequently derived, characterizing the relationship between the excitation frequency and the complex-valued dilatational wave number. This generalized dispersion equation includes 66 additional terms beyond existing formulations, thereby enabling a more detailed interpretation of variations in material density and volumetric fraction of both the solid phase and two immiscible interstitial fluids, all subject to gravitational acceleration.","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coping with data scarcity in extreme flood forecasting: A deep generative modeling approach 极端洪水预报中数据稀缺性的处理:一种深度生成建模方法
IF 4.2 2区 环境科学与生态学
Advances in Water Resources Pub Date : 2025-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105063
Ali Sattari , Hamid Moradkhani
{"title":"Coping with data scarcity in extreme flood forecasting: A deep generative modeling approach","authors":"Ali Sattari ,&nbsp;Hamid Moradkhani","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters, causing substantial economic losses and fatalities worldwide. Enhancing the accuracy of flood forecasting models is crucial for mitigating these impacts and providing early warning systems. However, the performance of these models significantly relies on the length and quality of training data. A lack of sufficient historical flood event data can undermine the ability of these models to provide accurate forecasts. To address this, we employ a Time-Series Generative Adversarial Network (TimeGAN) to synthetically generate flood events, enriching the training dataset both in quantity and quality. TimeGAN is trained using nine features, comprising United States Geological Survey (USGS) discharge and meteorological data from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2) dataset, to produce synthetic data that includes both the synthetic NLDAS dataset and its corresponding USGS discharge. The augmented dataset, which combines historical and synthetic data, is then used to train a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to forecast streamflow at various lead times. Additionally, we incorporate wavelet transform (WT) within our model to decompose observed discharge data, identifying trends. The model performance is tested across twenty-four basins in Southeast Texas, focusing on extreme conditions during Hurricane Harvey. Results indicate that data augmentation improves the model's performance, increasing the average Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) over 24 basins by approximately 10 %, 5 %, 19 %, and 38 % for lead times of up to four days. These findings demonstrate the model's robustness and applicability in real-world scenarios, highlighting its potential as an effective tool for decision-makers in risk management during extreme events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calibration framework for complex 2D hydrodynamic models: Use of satellite-derived flood extent and water depth data, and evaluation with various performance metrics 复杂二维水动力模型的校准框架:利用卫星衍生的洪水范围和水深数据,以及各种性能指标的评估
IF 4.2 2区 环境科学与生态学
Advances in Water Resources Pub Date : 2025-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105066
Ioanna Zotou , Vasilis Bellos , Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis
{"title":"Calibration framework for complex 2D hydrodynamic models: Use of satellite-derived flood extent and water depth data, and evaluation with various performance metrics","authors":"Ioanna Zotou ,&nbsp;Vasilis Bellos ,&nbsp;Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A methodology for calibrating a 2D hydrodynamic model using remotely sensed data is presented. The methodology was tested in Spercheios river basin, Central Greece, whereas two independent flood events -in February 2015 and December 2021- were considered for calibration and validation, respectively. Model performance was assessed with respect to the predicted inundation extent and water depths, benchmarked against a SAR-derived flood map and FwDET (Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool) estimates. The methodology combined Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) to screen the most influential parameters with a grid-search optimization approach to calibrate them, employing various performance metrics, i.e., the Critical Success Index (CSI), Success Index (SI), Hit Rate, False Alarm Ratio, Error Bias, Accuracy Index, and RMSE. The calibration revealed discrepancies due to metric selection, highlighting the importance of carefully selecting a suitable objective function. SI was found to more representatively reflect optimal model response and offered higher flexibility compared to CSI, suggesting its greater suitability for calibration. Although the RMSE is considered a rather detailed metric offering a cell-by-cell flood depth evaluation, the identification of its relative efficiency was hampered by the limitations of FwDET in accurately estimating water depths. Specifically, the algorithm’s reliability was found to decrease as the extent of inundated areas increased, while being heavily affected by the micro-topography of the area. The calibration results indicated equifinality issues stemming from the complex and non-linear nature of the model and the spatial interrelationships among the model variables. GSA results proved effective in identifying potential equifinality challenges early in the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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