Advances in Water Resources最新文献

{"title":"Performance assessment of neural network models for seasonal weather forecast postprocessing in the Alpine region","authors":"Sameer Balaji Uttarwar ,&nbsp;Sebastian Lerch ,&nbsp;Diego Avesani ,&nbsp;Bruno Majone","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonal weather forecasts are crucial for water-related sectors. However, the presence of systematic biases limits the usefulness of global seasonal weather forecasts produced by numerical weather prediction models. Although statistical postprocessing approaches, such as empirical quantile mapping, are widely used to improve accuracy and reliability, they have limitations in the accuracy of forecast values outside the training period and difficulties in incorporating multiple static and dynamic environmental variables to capture non-linear dependencies. This study seeks to overcome these limitations by implementing a neural network-based distributional regression method as a postprocessing tool. The study investigates the performance of these methods using seasonal forecasts of total precipitation and 2-meter temperatures for a one-month lead time over the Trentino-South Tyrol region in the northeastern Italian Alps. The forecast dataset is the fifth-generation seasonal weather forecast system (SEAS5) generated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which has a 0.125°x 0.125°horizontal grid resolution with 25 ensemble members over the period from 1981 to 2016. The reference dataset is a high-resolution (250 m x 250 m) gridded observational data over the region. The performance of both methods is evaluated with a focus on the effects of forecast lead times, location, and seasonal variability. Results show that the neural network-based approach consistently outperforms empirical quantile mapping, especially during short lead times and at higher elevations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105061"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coping with data scarcity in extreme flood forecasting: A deep generative modeling approach","authors":"Ali Sattari ,&nbsp;Hamid Moradkhani","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters, causing substantial economic losses and fatalities worldwide. Enhancing the accuracy of flood forecasting models is crucial for mitigating these impacts and providing early warning systems. However, the performance of these models significantly relies on the length and quality of training data. A lack of sufficient historical flood event data can undermine the ability of these models to provide accurate forecasts. To address this, we employ a Time-Series Generative Adversarial Network (TimeGAN) to synthetically generate flood events, enriching the training dataset both in quantity and quality. TimeGAN is trained using nine features, comprising United States Geological Survey (USGS) discharge and meteorological data from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2) dataset, to produce synthetic data that includes both the synthetic NLDAS dataset and its corresponding USGS discharge. The augmented dataset, which combines historical and synthetic data, is then used to train a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to forecast streamflow at various lead times. Additionally, we incorporate wavelet transform (WT) within our model to decompose observed discharge data, identifying trends. The model performance is tested across twenty-four basins in Southeast Texas, focusing on extreme conditions during Hurricane Harvey. Results indicate that data augmentation improves the model's performance, increasing the average Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) over 24 basins by approximately 10 %, 5 %, 19 %, and 38 % for lead times of up to four days. These findings demonstrate the model's robustness and applicability in real-world scenarios, highlighting its potential as an effective tool for decision-makers in risk management during extreme events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration framework for complex 2D hydrodynamic models: Use of satellite-derived flood extent and water depth data, and evaluation with various performance metrics","authors":"Ioanna Zotou ,&nbsp;Vasilis Bellos ,&nbsp;Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A methodology for calibrating a 2D hydrodynamic model using remotely sensed data is presented. The methodology was tested in Spercheios river basin, Central Greece, whereas two independent flood events -in February 2015 and December 2021- were considered for calibration and validation, respectively. Model performance was assessed with respect to the predicted inundation extent and water depths, benchmarked against a SAR-derived flood map and FwDET (Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool) estimates. The methodology combined Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) to screen the most influential parameters with a grid-search optimization approach to calibrate them, employing various performance metrics, i.e., the Critical Success Index (CSI), Success Index (SI), Hit Rate, False Alarm Ratio, Error Bias, Accuracy Index, and RMSE. The calibration revealed discrepancies due to metric selection, highlighting the importance of carefully selecting a suitable objective function. SI was found to more representatively reflect optimal model response and offered higher flexibility compared to CSI, suggesting its greater suitability for calibration. Although the RMSE is considered a rather detailed metric offering a cell-by-cell flood depth evaluation, the identification of its relative efficiency was hampered by the limitations of FwDET in accurately estimating water depths. Specifically, the algorithm’s reliability was found to decrease as the extent of inundated areas increased, while being heavily affected by the micro-topography of the area. The calibration results indicated equifinality issues stemming from the complex and non-linear nature of the model and the spatial interrelationships among the model variables. GSA results proved effective in identifying potential equifinality challenges early in the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friction and geometric source terms in a 1D augmented shallow water equations system","authors":"A. Valiani,&nbsp;V. Caleffi","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper deals with source terms due to flow resistance and geometric variability in a new formulation of the one-dimensional <em>augmented</em> Shallow Water Equations (SWE) for open channels and rivers with arbitrarily shaped cross sections. In the classical treatment of the Shallow Water Equations, source terms are due to geometric irregularities on the one hand and to friction on the other. In the present approach, geometrical irregularities are incorporated in the convective term, while a specific numerical treatment of the friction source term is introduced, which is able to face <em>stiff</em> problems.</div><div>The robustness of the augmented inviscid model is maintained when the cross section presents high irregularities; the focused treatment of the stiffness allows to preserve the accuracy when the water depth assumes very low values, as in the case of wave propagation over dry bed.</div><div>The additional variable introduced to obtain the augmented SWE depends on the section considered and the type of geometric irregularity encountered, but the formulation is general and designed for an extended variety of practical cases.</div><div>The numerical method used to integrate the system of hyperbolic balance laws with source terms is a Strong Stability Preserving Implicit–Explicit (IMEX) Runge–Kutta method, which is embedded on a path-conservative Dumbser Osher Toro (DOT) Finite Volume Method (FVM) method, which is second order accurate in space and time. This accuracy is maintained in the stiff limit, which is reached when a very small depth occurs.</div><div>After checking the order of accuracy of the numerical scheme on two smooth test cases – wet bed and dry bed, respectively – the mathematical model and its numerical implementation are validated on very different examples: <em>i)</em> the computation of quasi uniform flow in an uneven trapezoidal channel, which allows to generalize the concept of bed slope when several generatrice lines of different slope are used to reconstruct the wetted perimeter of the channel; <em>ii)</em> the simulation of dam break flows on a dry bed including friction for different power-law cross section channels, which is specifically dedicated to show the robustness of the method on the wave front where the water depth approaches zero, in very different narrowness configuration of the channel geometry. Very good results are obtained in all cases, demonstrating the wide applicability of the method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fast flood inundation model with groundwater interactions and hydraulic structures","authors":"Brett F. Sanders ,&nbsp;Jochen E. Schubert ,&nbsp;Eva-Marie H. Martin ,&nbsp;Shichen Wang ,&nbsp;Michael C. Sukop ,&nbsp;Katharine J. Mach","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To efficiently predict flooding caused by intense rainfall (pluvial flooding), many physics-based flood inundation models adopt simplistic parameterizations of infiltration such as the Kostiakov, Horton, Soil Conservation Service and Green-Ampt methods. However, these methods are not explicitly dependent on soil moisture (or the groundwater table height), which is known to strongly influence the amount of runoff generated by rainfall. Models that fully couple surface and groundwater flow equations offer an alternative approach, but require larger amounts of input data and greater computational effort. Here we present a fast flood inundation model that couples two-dimensional shallow-water equations for surface flow with a zero-dimensional, time-dependent groundwater equation to capture sensitivity to groundwater. The model is also configured to account for storm drains, pumping and gates so human influences on flooding can be resolved, and is implemented with a dual-grid finite-volume scheme and with OpenACC directives for execution on graphical processing units (GPUs). With a 1.5 m resolution application across a 1,000 km<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> area in Miami, Florida, where pluvial flooding is sensitive to depth to groundwater and simulation models that accurately reproduce observed flooding are needed to explore and plan response options, we first show that hourly water levels are predicted with a Mean Absolute Error of 8–16 cm across six canal gaging stations where flows are affected by tides, pumping, gate operations, and rainfall runoff. Second, we show high sensitivity of flooding to antecedent groundwater levels: flood extent is predicted to vary by a factor of six when initial depth to groundwater is varied between 10 and 200 cm, an amount that aligns with seasonal changes across the area. And third, we show that the model runs 30 times faster than real time (i.e., model speed = 30) using an NVIDIA V100 GPU. Furthermore, using a 3 m resolution model of Houston, Texas, we benchmark model speeds greater than 20 and 100 for domain sizes of 10,000 or 1,000 km<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, respectively. The importance of model speed is discussed in the context of flood risk management and adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of migration and sequestration dynamics of dense liquid CO2 in offshore shallow saline aquifers","authors":"Yanyong Wang ,&nbsp;Song Li ,&nbsp;Vishnu Jayaprakash ,&nbsp;Xiyi Peng ,&nbsp;Jialin Shi ,&nbsp;Jiatong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geological sequestration of CO₂ in saline aquifers presents a promising strategy for large-scale greenhouse gas mitigation. While most existing studies have focused on the storage of supercritical CO₂, in the high-pressure and low-temperature conditions typical of offshore shallow saline aquifers, CO₂ may exist in a dense liquid phase. This phase exhibits distinct properties such as higher density and viscosity, which significantly influence its migration behavior and trapping forms. In this study, we develop numerical models to simulate CO₂ injection into offshore shallow saline aquifers, incorporating key trapping processes, including local capillary trapping, residual trapping, and dissolution trapping. High-resolution two-phase flow simulations are employed to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of CO₂ plume and the dynamic transition of sequestration forms. We systematically evaluate the impacts of the CO₂ phase state, formation heterogeneity (characterized by dimensionless horizontal/vertical autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneity degree), and injection rate on CO₂ migration and storage performance. The results highlight distinct differences in migration patterns and trapping mechanisms between liquid-phase and supercritical CO₂ in offshore saline aquifers. Formation heterogeneity, particularly the autocorrelation length and global heterogeneity of the permeability field, plays a critical role in controlling plume evolution and sequestration efficiency. Saline aquifers with larger horizontal autocorrelation lengths or higher heterogeneity exhibit underutilized storage capacity despite reduced leakage risk through the caprock. In contrast, saline aquifers with larger vertical autocorrelation lengths tend to achieve higher storage efficiency but are associated with increased leakage potential. Under high injection rates, CO₂ is more likely to invade pores with higher capillary entry pressures, resulting in elevated saturations near the injection zone. These findings offer valuable insights into the migration dynamics and long-term stability of liquid-phase CO₂ in offshore shallow saline aquifers and guide the safe and efficient implementation of CO₂ sequestration strategies in such settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-CT imaging of drainage and spontaneous imbibition for underground hydrogen storage in saline aquifers","authors":"Waleed Dokhon,&nbsp;Ahmed AlZaabi,&nbsp;Branko Bijeljic,&nbsp;Martin J. Blunt","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates hydrogen-brine displacement dynamics in Bentheimer sandstone, with a focus on spontaneous imbibition and its role in underground hydrogen storage in saline aquifers. The displacement is considered in two steps: (1) spontaneous imbibition, where gas is connected and capillary pressure decreases during withdrawal, and (2) brine flooding, where most of the gas is disconnected and the capillary pressure can become negative.</div><div>The experiments were conducted using high-resolution micro-CT imaging at 3.1 µm/voxel resolution under 4 MPa and 23 °C conditions. A water-wet porous plate was placed at the outlet to mimic an aquifer source to perform multiple drainage displacements to anchor the irreducible water saturation, followed by spontaneous imbibition, where capillary pressure was reduced incrementally. After reaching <em>P_c</em> = 0, the pressure was maintained for 48 h to observe gas rearrangement via Ostwald ripening at the end of spontaneous imbibition, followed by brine injection to evaluate the gas recovery.</div><div>The results showed that spontaneous imbibition led to significant gas snap-off below <em>P_c</em> = 5 kPa, and over 40 % of the initial gas was displaced when <em>P_c</em> reached 0; the gas saturation was 0.51. After the storage time, the initially disconnected large gas clusters became connected across most of the sample’s length. Subsequent brine injection led to some additional gas displacement, with the final gas saturation reaching 0.43. <em>In situ</em> contact angle measurements at <em>P_c</em> = 0 and after brine injection showed an average of 40 °, indicating water-wet conditions, while the H₂-brine interfacial curvature was low, consistent with a local capillary pressure of approximately only 1 kPa. Pore occupancy analysis showed gas was initially displaced from narrow pores, with residual gas ganglia trapped in the largest pores, as expected in a water-wet rock. These findings demonstrate that spontaneous imbibition alone can account for a significant fraction of gas displacement above the gas-water contact and should be incorporated into capillary pressure-saturation models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105064"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STONet: A neural operator for modeling solute transport in micro-cracked reservoirs","authors":"Ehsan Haghighat ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hesan Adeli ,&nbsp;S. Mohammad Mousavi ,&nbsp;Ruben Juanes","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we introduce a novel neural operator, the Solute Transport Operator Network (STONet), to efficiently model contaminant transport in micro-cracked porous media. STONet’s model architecture is specifically designed for this problem and uniquely integrates an enriched DeepONet structure with a transformer-based multi-head attention mechanism, enhancing performance without incurring additional computational overhead compared to existing neural operators. The model combines different networks to encode heterogeneous properties effectively and predict the rate of change of the concentration field to accurately model the transport process. The training data is obtained using finite element (FEM) simulations by random sampling of micro-fracture distributions and applied pressure boundary conditions, which capture diverse scenarios of fracture densities, orientations, apertures, lengths, and balance of pressure-driven to density-driven flow. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that, once trained, STONet achieves accurate predictions, with relative errors typically below 1% compared with FEM simulations while reducing runtime by approximately two orders of magnitude. This type of computational efficiency facilitates building digital twins for rapid assessment of subsurface contamination risks and optimization of environmental remediation strategies. The data and code for the paper are accessible at <span><span>https://github.com/ehsanhaghighat/STONet</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical study on dynamic flow past two tandem porous circular cylinders near a moving wall at Reynolds number of 150","authors":"Hoang Quan Nguyen ,&nbsp;Pramudita Satria Palar ,&nbsp;Lavi Rizki Zuhal ,&nbsp;Jhe-Kai Lin ,&nbsp;Viet Dung Duong","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces the first comprehensive numerical analysis of dynamic flows past two tandem porous circular cylinders positioned near a moving wall, using lattice Boltzmann method integrated with block-structured topology-confined mesh refinement. Simulations are conducted in wide parameter space of spacing ratios <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></math></span>, gap ratios <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span>, and porosities <span><math><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></math></span> at Reynolds number of 150 (where <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mi>D</mi></math></span> are two cylinder’s spacing, cylinder-wall gap and cylinder diameter, respectively). Five distinct flow regimes are identified as overshoot (OS), pairwise (PW) reattachment (CR-continuous reattachment and AR-alternative reattachment), quasi-coshedding (QS), and co-shedding (CS), driven by the variation of porosity, spacing, and gap ratios. Wake transitions reveal complex flow dynamics, with the OS regime marked by shear-boundary layer interactions, CR and AR regimes exhibiting primary vortex shedding, and QS and CS regimes displaying primary, two-layered and secondary vortex shedding modes. Flow transitions diminish at small gap ratios, while at moderate spacing ratios, four regimes of PW, CR, AR, and CS occur, with QS and CS interchanging at large spacing ratios. Hydrodynamically, upstream cylinder fully shadows downstream one near moving wall. The upstream cylinder’s drag coefficient changes inversely related to the downstream cylinder’s. The moderate gap ratio induces dominant Karman vortex shedding behind the downstream cylinder. The porosity coefficient significantly influences the vortex shedding frequency for two cylinders at moderate spacing and gap ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105054"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of seasonality and plant morphology on wake characteristics behind a patch of natural-like riparian vegetation","authors":"Marco Maio,&nbsp;Nicola Fontana,&nbsp;Gustavo Marini","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Behind a riparian vegetation patch, wake characteristics including a region of reduced flow velocity and increased turbulence may promote sediment deposition and further vegetation growth, thus understanding riparian vegetation-associated flow and wake characteristics is crucial to studying and developing predictive models for hydromorphological processes. Through flume experiments we explore the flow structure downstream of a circular vegetation patch of complex morphology to investigate the impact of seasonality and reconfiguration on wake features. To this end, three cases including one leafless, and two foliated plant patches representative of riparian species were tested under two flow conditions. The findings reveal the presence of leaves and branches to affect the mean and turbulent flow fields generating additional mixing as compared with models based on rigid cylinders. Due to the complex volume distribution in the vertical direction, three-dimensional flow structures were attained downstream of the riparian vegetation with the vertical flow forcing generating mixing that inhibited formation of the von Karman vortex street. In contrast, the flow structure downstream of the leafless patch was similar to that obtained for rigid cylinders with the occurrence of two-dimensional flow field. The differing plant morphologies affected the reconfiguration process consequently impacting wake size. The main differences were obtained for the lowest bulk flow velocity tested with the plant patch comprising longer leaves that streamlined and aligned with the flow resulting in smaller wake width than the elliptical leaves plant patch.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}