Advances in Water Resources最新文献

{"title":"Method of distributions for transient flow in porous media with uncertain properties","authors":"Sree Rama Teja Tripuraneni ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Tartakovsky,&nbsp;Hamdi A. Tchelepi","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modeling subsurface flow and transport is notoriously challenging due to an inadequate understanding of site characteristics. Especially when the fluid in our model is compressible, we should have a reliable estimate of spatiotemporal changes not only in the pressure in a specific scenario but also in the probability of the pressure evolution, as the hydraulic conductivity is an uncertain parameter. As a result, samples of the conductivity maps are generated on the basis of field scale studies and Monte Carlo simulations are often utilized to characterize the probability distribution of pressure. In this work, we develop method of distributions (CDF equation) for a transient problem as an alternative uncertainty quantification procedure. The CDF equation derived here is not in closed form, so we also formulate a strategy to solve the Moment equations, obtain mean and variance of pressure field and then use them as closure. We observe that the CDF result from the method of distributions yields an accurate estimate with a deviation less than 5% from a convergent MCS estimate when we apply to both statistically homogeneous and heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity in our examples. In addition, it is about 10 to 20 times faster than the MCS counterpart, depending on the type of grid we use to solve the moment equations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 105235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology-Adaptive Graph Attention Networks coupled with radial basis functions: A novel framework for hydraulic conductivity inversion in unstructured meshes","authors":"Zhao Guo,&nbsp;FuTian Ren,&nbsp;DanBing Mei,&nbsp;Fan Liu,&nbsp;ZengHui Li,&nbsp;XiaoWei Lu,&nbsp;Lei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate inversion of spatially distributed hydraulic conductivity (K) under sparse observations and unstructured meshes is essential for realistic groundwater simulation and effective resource management. This study presents a physics-informed deep learning framework that integrates a Multi-Resolution Radial Basis Network (MRRBN) and a Topology-Adaptive Graph Attention Network (TAGAT) to jointly reconstruct domain-wide head fields and invert the K field. The MRRBN employs multi-resolution spatial interpolation and data-driven weighting to recover continuous head fields from limited measurements. The TAGAT incorporates graph topology and physics-informed flow characteristics derived from Darcy’s law, including instantaneous fluxes and local source-sink dynamics, to capture short- and long-range dependencies across unstructured meshes. Evaluated on synthetic aquifer scenarios featuring heterogeneous conductivity, variable boundary conditions, and stochastic rainfall, the proposed model achieved the following metrics (training, validation): R² (0.89, 0.83), RMSE (0.683, 0.844), MAE (0.530, 0.642), and maintained robust accuracy under realistic levels of measurement noise. Residuals concentrate along conductivity-transition bands and mid-gradient zones where the sensitivity of head to K is low. We benchmark against graph-network baselines, treating multi-order topology and physics-informed features as independent factors, and we control model size by matching parameter counts under fixed data and training protocols. Results indicate a physically consistent, mesh-native solution for conductivity inversion with practical implications for site-scale groundwater analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 105220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore morphology and permeability evolution of hydrate-bearing sediments during dissociation process","authors":"Yunhui Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Wu ,&nbsp;Dan Li ,&nbsp;Haiyuan Yao ,&nbsp;Lei Huang ,&nbsp;Yanghui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate permeability prediction in hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS) is crucial for efficient hydrate exploitation and production control. However, hydrate dissociation processes exhibit significant heterogeneity and discontinuity. Traditional methods, which phenomenologically study seepage behavior by only considering saturation and effective pore changes, often fail to effectively describe the coupled influence of complex pore structure evolution and permeability under hydrate phase transition and in-situ stress. This study utilized an X-ray computed tomography triaxial system to conduct micro-visualization tests of HBS depressurization and thermal stimulation dissociation under constant axial load and identical supercooling conditions. We found that thermal stimulation significantly accelerated the dissociation rate by approximately 75% compared to depressurization. Quantitative digital volume correlation analysis revealed thermal stimulation led to more intense, randomly distributed pore-scale damage, with the maximum vertical displacement increment being 20% higher than depressurization. The complex pore structure change profoundly impacts fluid transport and production potential. Therefore, from the perspective of pore fractal structure evolution, we proposed a permeability model based on fractal parameter and established an upscaling framework for accurately predicting heterogeneous core permeability. This framework achieved a 33.93% improvement in root mean square error compared to homogeneous assumptions. Leveraging its enhanced accuracy, this study provides critical guidance for optimizing oil and gas exploitation, improving recovery efficiency, and reducing risks in complex geological environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 105224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A parsimonious tail compliant multiscale statistical model for aggregated rainfall","authors":"Pierre Ailliot ,&nbsp;Carlo Gaetan ,&nbsp;Philippe Naveau","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modeling the probability distribution of rainfall intensities at different aggregation scales, say from sub-hourly to weekly, has always played a key role in most hydrological risk analysis, in particular in the computation of Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. Since any aggregation procedure involves accumulating rainfall over a prescribed time window, it naturally induces simple mathematical constraints related to summation. In particular, return levels inferred from a statistical model should be ordered across time scales, reflecting for example the fact that observed daily accumulations necessarily exceed those at sub-daily scales. From a statistical modeling perspective, each aggregation step combines information from shorter time scales without introducing additional data. Consequently, the number of model parameters should remain limited. Still, parsimonious aggregation models that describe the full distribution of rainfall intensities are sparse in the hydrological literature. In particular, most studies focus on extremes, e.g. by taking seasonal block maxima at different aggregation scales.</div><div>In this study, we propose a statistical framework that allows to model all rainfall intensities (low, medium and large) at different aggregation scales, while being parsimonious. To reach this goal, we use the extended generalized Pareto distribution (EGPD), which complies with extreme value theory for both low and high extremes and is flexible enough to capture the bulk of the distribution. We show a general result that explains how EGPD random variables behave under different types of aggregation procedures. Direct likelihood inference is difficult in our setting. However, by linking the EGPD class to Poisson compound sums, we can use the Panjer algorithm to quickly and efficiently evaluate the composite likelihood of our proposed model. As a result, return levels can be obtained for any return period, particularly those below the annual and seasonal scales. In addition, our approach insures that return levels do not cross with aggregation.</div><div>To demonstrate the applicability of our method, we analyze sub-hourly time series from six gauging stations in France that have different climatological features. For each station, we only need a total of eight parameters to capture aggregation scales from six minutes to three days. IDF curves above and below the annual scale are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of complex boundary conditions on spontaneous imbibition in gas-water systems","authors":"Yihang Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhenjiang You ,&nbsp;Yongming He ,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Sun ,&nbsp;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boundary conditions play a critical role in regulating the mechanical factors and flow patterns during spontaneous imbibition. While numerous studies have examined effects of boundary conditions using cylindrical cores, the anisotropic flow behaviors induced by geometric asymmetry and the limited boundary condition types in such geometries pose challenges for quantitative analysis. Moreover, prior research has primarily focused on static boundary conditions, neglecting the impact of time-varying scenarios. To address these gaps, this study employed four cubic rock samples to investigate imbibition process of gas-water systems under 12 static and 4 time-varying boundary conditions. The work systematically explores imbibition characteristics, gas drainage mechanisms, and the combined effects of boundary conditions and permeability. The results show that imbibition process under static boundary conditions exhibits distinct initial, transition, and late stages, whereas only the initial stage is observed under time-varying conditions. However, in low-permeability rock samples, a high water injection rate results in decreasing imbibition velocity during the end-stage imbibition, due to pronounced counter-current flow. Under static boundary conditions, gas is rapidly displaced from the core despite capillary back pressure. In contrast, under time-varying conditions, gas drainage remains unaffected by capillary back pressure, because gas expulsion occurs primarily through rock surfaces exposed to air. In addition, the number of open boundaries influences imbibition recovery and velocity, following different nonlinear trends. The transition stage contributes most significantly to the total imbibition recovery, yet the relative contributions of different imbibition stages remain independent of the number of open boundaries. Furthermore, increasing water injection rate enhances imbibition velocity under time-varying boundary conditions, but this effect becomes less pronounced once the injection rate exceeds a critical threshold. Interestingly, imbibition recoveries remain consistent across all time-varying and static boundary conditions, owing to strong hydrophilic interactions and efficient gas displacement. Additionally, imbibition capacity is significantly improved when more open boundaries or higher water injection rates are coupled with greater permeability. These observations provide new insights into the distinct imbibition mechanisms under complex boundary conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submarine faults strongly impact age and salinity distributions in offshore freshened groundwater systems","authors":"Yi-Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Barret L. Kurylyk ,&nbsp;Anner Paldor","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal aquifers provide a vital connection between land and ocean, where the dynamics of groundwater flow and solute transport are influenced by confounding effects from hydrogeologic, morphologic, climatic, and oceanic forcings. Most previous studies of coastal and subsea aquifers have focused on aquifers with continuous structures, with few addressing submarine faults that can disrupt this continuity and play a controlling role in groundwater flow, salinity and age distributions. We investigate the understudied influence of submarine faults by simulating a generalized coastal aquifer-aquitard system with a fault cutting through the system, with simulations accounting for realistic sea-level rise over paleohydrogeologic timescales. Results show that faults reduce the extent of offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) regardless of their location. Faults proximal to the coastline serve as pathways for freshwater discharge, accounting for up to 18.1% of total submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), and transport groundwater that is 7 times older than the surrounding SGD. Conversely, faults located farther offshore act as conduits for downward seawater infiltration, rejuvenating deep aquifers by a negative peak of 2000 years with saline water. The two contrasting processes may regulate the chemical loads of groundwater through the seafloor. The dip of the aquitard has little impact on OFG extent but enhances the flux of groundwater discharge through the fault to the sea. The control of faults over groundwater flow peaks when the fault is oriented vertically. The findings suggest that special attention should be paid to submarine faults, which can strongly influence fresh groundwater resources and biogeochemical reactions in coastal/marine areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore-scale imaging of H₂, N₂, and CO₂ behavior in sandstone: Wettability, trapping, pore occupancy, and displacement patterns","authors":"Guanglei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinliang Chen ,&nbsp;Yaxin Shao ,&nbsp;Martin J. Blunt ,&nbsp;Guowei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in porous aquifers is a promising solution for large-scale renewable energy storage. Despite growing interest in underground hydrogen storage, a fundamental gap remains in understanding whether hydrogen behaves distinctly from other subsurface gases at the pore scale. This study employs <em>in situ</em> micro-CT imaging to directly compare gas injection and withdrawal of H₂, N₂, and CO₂ in Bentheimer sandstone. The results confirm a water-wet system for all gases, with contact angles between 50° and 70°. However, significant differences in gas trapping and distribution emerged. After gas injection, the initial gas saturations were 33 % for H₂, 37 % for N₂, and 36 % for CO₂. After imbibition (withdrawal), H₂ exhibited the lowest residual saturation (14 %), compared to N₂ (25 %), while CO₂ was completely dissolved. Low residual saturation of H₂ indicate high recovery efficiency, which is a favorable for hydrogen storage. Analysis of gas ganglia revealed that H₂'s low viscosity and density promote capillary fingering and heterogeneous redistribution. In contrast, N₂'s higher viscosity facilitates stable displacement and higher residual saturation, making it a suitable candidate as a cushion gas. The capillary pressure for H₂ was found to be approximately 1.2 times higher than for N₂, a difference not fully explained by interfacial tension alone. These findings demonstrate that gas properties, particularly solubility and viscosity, govern pore-scale distribution and trapping mechanisms. Consequently, N₂ and CO₂ are poor proxies for predicting H₂ behavior, and accurate forecasting of UHS performance requires models that account for H₂'s mobility and its propensity for unstable flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore-scale dynamics of multiphase reactive transport in water-wet carbonates under co2-acidified brine injection: Dissolution patterns and reaction rates","authors":"Qianqian Ma ,&nbsp;Rukuan Chai ,&nbsp;Sajjad Foroughi ,&nbsp;Yanghua Wang ,&nbsp;Martin J. Blunt ,&nbsp;Branko Bijeljic","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depleted carbonate reservoirs are promising sites for geological CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> storage, yet the presence of residual hydrocarbon introduces complex pore-scale interactions that influence the dynamics of solid dissolution. We combined time-resolved X-ray microtomography (micro-CT), core-flooding experiments, and pore-scale modeling to investigate how residual hydrocarbon affects dissolution patterns and effective reaction rates during CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-acidified brine injection into Ketton limestone under reservoir conditions. We find that the pore structure and fluid distribution control flow heterogeneity, reactive surface accessibility, dissolution patterns and the reaction rates. At low injection rate, two distinct dissolution patterns were observed: 1) a positive feedback loop of channel widening that efficiently enhanced transport properties; and 2) a suppressed regime in which heterogeneity and hydrocarbon blockage resulted in only a modest increase in permeability. At high injection rates, a more uniform dissolution occurred caused by re-mobilization of hydrocarbon that initially blocked the flow of brine. Effective reaction rates in two-phase flow were lower than in the equivalent single-phase case and up to two orders of magnitude lower than the batch rates due to persistent transport limitations. These findings provide mechanistic insights into multiphase reactive transport in carbonates and highlight the importance of accurately understanding the impact of the residual phase on reactions to improve predictions of CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> storage efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified capillary pressure–saturation model for unsaturated flow in asphalt mixtures and hydraulic behavior analysis","authors":"Xinxing Bian ,&nbsp;Huining Xu ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The capillary pressure–saturation (<em>P</em>_c<em>–S</em>) relationship is a critical constitutive model for modeling multiphase flow in unsaturated porous media. In the context of asphalt pavements, however, existing <em>P</em>_c<em>–S</em> models predominantly rely on direct adoption of empirical formulations in unsaturated soil, lack rigorous experimental validation, and often fail to capture the unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of pavement materials. This study aims to (1) develop a continuous mathematical framework for the <em>P</em>_c<em>–S</em> relationship in asphalt mixtures by integrating the physical constraints derived from experimental data with the functional form of classical models, and (2) elucidate the impact of this relationship on unsaturated seepage dynamics. A modified van Genuchten model was formulated to provide a concise, physically consistent <em>P</em>_c<em>–S</em> function. The proposed model demonstrates improved fidelity to experimental data compared to conventional soil-based hydraulic models, while preserving mathematical tractability. By implementing this <em>P</em>_c<em>–S</em> constitutive relationship within a numerical solver (SEEP/W) for the Richards equation, the hysteretic behavior of unsaturated flow was simulated in asphalt mixtures. The simulations reveal that the unsaturated flow analysis, incorporating the proposed <em>P</em>_c<em>–S</em> relationship, predicts a more complex and realistic moisture transport regime than the saturated flow approximation, and can reflect the observed in-service behavior of pavements. This work advances understanding of moisture transport in unsaturated asphalt mixtures and provides a useful tool for evaluating the long-term hydraulic performance in pavement–subsurface water systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146035612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-mechanism modeling of gas-liquid hydraulic conductance","authors":"Qingyuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Keliu Wu ,&nbsp;Qiqi Liu ,&nbsp;Fei Peng ,&nbsp;Shengting Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianlin Zhao ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Japan Trivedi ,&nbsp;Zhangxin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2026.105214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic conductance is crucial for determining fluid transport capacity in porous media during energy recovery and storage. Inspired by the quasi-steady-state assumption of seepage flows, we developed a numerical model coupling creeping flow, momentum transfer, and interfacial slip, enabling precise modeling of two-phase hydraulic conductance under various mechanisms. We generated tens of thousands of data samples and constructed three machine learning models for hydraulic conductance prediction. Validation results demonstrate that these models outperform traditional empirical models in accuracy. Viscous coupling enhances the wetting phase conductance more significantly than the non-wetting phase, with its effect controlled by fluid and geometric configuration. A dimensionless slip length exceeding 0.01 elevates wetting phase conductance but has limited impact on the non-wetting phase. Non-wetting phase slip boosts the hydraulic conductance of both phases at a Knudsen number exceeding 0.01. The wetting film profoundly reshapes the velocity profiles and amplifies viscous coupling effect, with wetting film flow contributing as much as 60∼100% to the total wetting phase flow. Wetting film also strengthens the impact of slip on both phases' conductance. These findings highlight the intricate mechanisms controlling gas-liquid hydraulic conductance, especially the powerful control of wetting film, which is often underestimated in current pore-scale to core-scale analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}