Advances in Water Resources最新文献

{"title":"Estimating horizontal velocity in shallow aquifers from temperature perturbations in observation boreholes responding to pumping","authors":"Davide Furlanetto","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The practice of measuring groundwater temperature is growing rapidly and has already demonstrated to be a valuable source of information for estimating soil hydraulic parameters, groundwater–surface water exchanges, and for identifying preferential flow in both fractured and sedimentary aquifers. In the zone of seasonal thermal dynamics of unconfined sedimentary aquifers, temperature measurements in observation wells are found to exhibit a particular perturbation when the water column responds to pumping wells located in the proximity. This paper presents a description of the mechanism underlying this thermal perturbation, validating it by means of three-dimensional numerical modeling, and explores its potential as a source of information. In particular, it presents a framework enabling to estimate in-well water horizontal velocities from the time required for these temperature perturbations to reach a peak. The proposed technique is based on simple data post-processing and does not require additional experimental endeavors beyond the deployment of temperature and pressure sensors. Furthermore, through a global sensitivity analysis based on Monte Carlo numerical simulations, we show that in-well heat propagation begins to show sensitivity to the thermal properties of the well screen, the filter pack and the natural porous medium at thermal Peclet numbers lower than approximately 3.7.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal dispersion coefficient based on hydraulic geometry of streams and rivers","authors":"Grenda Izabeli Menezes da Silva ,&nbsp;Michael Mannich ,&nbsp;Alondra Beatriz Alvarez Perez ,&nbsp;Pedro Luiz Borges Chaffe","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The longitudinal dispersion coefficient is key to determining the fate and transport of pollutants in rivers. However, its empirical estimation is usually hindered by a lack of data and the complexity of discharge and channel geometry relations. In this study, we develop an analytical equation of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient that takes into account channel cross-section characteristics obtained through hydraulic geometry relations. The analytical equation is solved by combining the simplification made by Deng et al..(2001) with Fischer’s triple integral. We test the new equation using a dataset of the shape parameter based on the hydraulic geometry of Brazilian rivers. The proposed equation highlights that the inclusion of an open shape site-specific parameter enhances the estimation of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of wetting films on the stability of two-phase flow in porous media: A pore-doublet perspective","authors":"Nathan Bernard,&nbsp;Cyprien Soulaine,&nbsp;Sophie Roman","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-phase flow stability in porous media depends on a complex interplay between surface tension effects and viscous forces. We investigate the role of wetting films on the stability of two-phase flow during drainage. Such films are ubiquitous in porous media and are deposited at the solid walls and corners after the passage of the meniscus. We derive a novel dynamic pore-doublet model with identical channels that includes the effects of lubricating films. Direct comparisons with microfluidic experiments highlight that neglecting wetting films in pore-doublets analysis leads to significant prediction errors. We demonstrate that pore-doublet models with wetting films reproduce stability phase diagrams similar to the so-called Lenormand diagrams. At high viscosity ratios, our model predicts phase transition between stable, viscous, and capillary fingering regimes that agree very well with Lenormand phase diagrams obtained using complex porous structures. Our study demonstrates that using simple systems, such as pore doublets with lubricating films, allows us to capture the non-linear response of two-phase flow stability similar to those observed in complex pore networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance assessment of neural network models for seasonal weather forecast postprocessing in the Alpine region","authors":"Sameer Balaji Uttarwar ,&nbsp;Sebastian Lerch ,&nbsp;Diego Avesani ,&nbsp;Bruno Majone","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonal weather forecasts are crucial for water-related sectors. However, the presence of systematic biases limits the usefulness of global seasonal weather forecasts produced by numerical weather prediction models. Although statistical postprocessing approaches, such as empirical quantile mapping, are widely used to improve accuracy and reliability, they have limitations in the accuracy of forecast values outside the training period and difficulties in incorporating multiple static and dynamic environmental variables to capture non-linear dependencies. This study seeks to overcome these limitations by implementing a neural network-based distributional regression method as a postprocessing tool. The study investigates the performance of these methods using seasonal forecasts of total precipitation and 2-meter temperatures for a one-month lead time over the Trentino-South Tyrol region in the northeastern Italian Alps. The forecast dataset is the fifth-generation seasonal weather forecast system (SEAS5) generated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which has a 0.125°x 0.125°horizontal grid resolution with 25 ensemble members over the period from 1981 to 2016. The reference dataset is a high-resolution (250 m x 250 m) gridded observational data over the region. The performance of both methods is evaluated with a focus on the effects of forecast lead times, location, and seasonal variability. Results show that the neural network-based approach consistently outperforms empirical quantile mapping, especially during short lead times and at higher elevations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105061"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friction and geometric source terms in a 1D augmented shallow water equations system","authors":"A. Valiani,&nbsp;V. Caleffi","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper deals with source terms due to flow resistance and geometric variability in a new formulation of the one-dimensional <em>augmented</em> Shallow Water Equations (SWE) for open channels and rivers with arbitrarily shaped cross sections. In the classical treatment of the Shallow Water Equations, source terms are due to geometric irregularities on the one hand and to friction on the other. In the present approach, geometrical irregularities are incorporated in the convective term, while a specific numerical treatment of the friction source term is introduced, which is able to face <em>stiff</em> problems.</div><div>The robustness of the augmented inviscid model is maintained when the cross section presents high irregularities; the focused treatment of the stiffness allows to preserve the accuracy when the water depth assumes very low values, as in the case of wave propagation over dry bed.</div><div>The additional variable introduced to obtain the augmented SWE depends on the section considered and the type of geometric irregularity encountered, but the formulation is general and designed for an extended variety of practical cases.</div><div>The numerical method used to integrate the system of hyperbolic balance laws with source terms is a Strong Stability Preserving Implicit–Explicit (IMEX) Runge–Kutta method, which is embedded on a path-conservative Dumbser Osher Toro (DOT) Finite Volume Method (FVM) method, which is second order accurate in space and time. This accuracy is maintained in the stiff limit, which is reached when a very small depth occurs.</div><div>After checking the order of accuracy of the numerical scheme on two smooth test cases – wet bed and dry bed, respectively – the mathematical model and its numerical implementation are validated on very different examples: <em>i)</em> the computation of quasi uniform flow in an uneven trapezoidal channel, which allows to generalize the concept of bed slope when several generatrice lines of different slope are used to reconstruct the wetted perimeter of the channel; <em>ii)</em> the simulation of dam break flows on a dry bed including friction for different power-law cross section channels, which is specifically dedicated to show the robustness of the method on the wave front where the water depth approaches zero, in very different narrowness configuration of the channel geometry. Very good results are obtained in all cases, demonstrating the wide applicability of the method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fast flood inundation model with groundwater interactions and hydraulic structures","authors":"Brett F. Sanders ,&nbsp;Jochen E. Schubert ,&nbsp;Eva-Marie H. Martin ,&nbsp;Shichen Wang ,&nbsp;Michael C. Sukop ,&nbsp;Katharine J. Mach","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To efficiently predict flooding caused by intense rainfall (pluvial flooding), many physics-based flood inundation models adopt simplistic parameterizations of infiltration such as the Kostiakov, Horton, Soil Conservation Service and Green-Ampt methods. However, these methods are not explicitly dependent on soil moisture (or the groundwater table height), which is known to strongly influence the amount of runoff generated by rainfall. Models that fully couple surface and groundwater flow equations offer an alternative approach, but require larger amounts of input data and greater computational effort. Here we present a fast flood inundation model that couples two-dimensional shallow-water equations for surface flow with a zero-dimensional, time-dependent groundwater equation to capture sensitivity to groundwater. The model is also configured to account for storm drains, pumping and gates so human influences on flooding can be resolved, and is implemented with a dual-grid finite-volume scheme and with OpenACC directives for execution on graphical processing units (GPUs). With a 1.5 m resolution application across a 1,000 km<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> area in Miami, Florida, where pluvial flooding is sensitive to depth to groundwater and simulation models that accurately reproduce observed flooding are needed to explore and plan response options, we first show that hourly water levels are predicted with a Mean Absolute Error of 8–16 cm across six canal gaging stations where flows are affected by tides, pumping, gate operations, and rainfall runoff. Second, we show high sensitivity of flooding to antecedent groundwater levels: flood extent is predicted to vary by a factor of six when initial depth to groundwater is varied between 10 and 200 cm, an amount that aligns with seasonal changes across the area. And third, we show that the model runs 30 times faster than real time (i.e., model speed = 30) using an NVIDIA V100 GPU. Furthermore, using a 3 m resolution model of Houston, Texas, we benchmark model speeds greater than 20 and 100 for domain sizes of 10,000 or 1,000 km<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, respectively. The importance of model speed is discussed in the context of flood risk management and adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of migration and sequestration dynamics of dense liquid CO2 in offshore shallow saline aquifers","authors":"Yanyong Wang ,&nbsp;Song Li ,&nbsp;Vishnu Jayaprakash ,&nbsp;Xiyi Peng ,&nbsp;Jialin Shi ,&nbsp;Jiatong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geological sequestration of CO₂ in saline aquifers presents a promising strategy for large-scale greenhouse gas mitigation. While most existing studies have focused on the storage of supercritical CO₂, in the high-pressure and low-temperature conditions typical of offshore shallow saline aquifers, CO₂ may exist in a dense liquid phase. This phase exhibits distinct properties such as higher density and viscosity, which significantly influence its migration behavior and trapping forms. In this study, we develop numerical models to simulate CO₂ injection into offshore shallow saline aquifers, incorporating key trapping processes, including local capillary trapping, residual trapping, and dissolution trapping. High-resolution two-phase flow simulations are employed to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of CO₂ plume and the dynamic transition of sequestration forms. We systematically evaluate the impacts of the CO₂ phase state, formation heterogeneity (characterized by dimensionless horizontal/vertical autocorrelation lengths and heterogeneity degree), and injection rate on CO₂ migration and storage performance. The results highlight distinct differences in migration patterns and trapping mechanisms between liquid-phase and supercritical CO₂ in offshore saline aquifers. Formation heterogeneity, particularly the autocorrelation length and global heterogeneity of the permeability field, plays a critical role in controlling plume evolution and sequestration efficiency. Saline aquifers with larger horizontal autocorrelation lengths or higher heterogeneity exhibit underutilized storage capacity despite reduced leakage risk through the caprock. In contrast, saline aquifers with larger vertical autocorrelation lengths tend to achieve higher storage efficiency but are associated with increased leakage potential. Under high injection rates, CO₂ is more likely to invade pores with higher capillary entry pressures, resulting in elevated saturations near the injection zone. These findings offer valuable insights into the migration dynamics and long-term stability of liquid-phase CO₂ in offshore shallow saline aquifers and guide the safe and efficient implementation of CO₂ sequestration strategies in such settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-CT imaging of drainage and spontaneous imbibition for underground hydrogen storage in saline aquifers","authors":"Waleed Dokhon,&nbsp;Ahmed AlZaabi,&nbsp;Branko Bijeljic,&nbsp;Martin J. Blunt","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates hydrogen-brine displacement dynamics in Bentheimer sandstone, with a focus on spontaneous imbibition and its role in underground hydrogen storage in saline aquifers. The displacement is considered in two steps: (1) spontaneous imbibition, where gas is connected and capillary pressure decreases during withdrawal, and (2) brine flooding, where most of the gas is disconnected and the capillary pressure can become negative.</div><div>The experiments were conducted using high-resolution micro-CT imaging at 3.1 µm/voxel resolution under 4 MPa and 23 °C conditions. A water-wet porous plate was placed at the outlet to mimic an aquifer source to perform multiple drainage displacements to anchor the irreducible water saturation, followed by spontaneous imbibition, where capillary pressure was reduced incrementally. After reaching <em>P_c</em> = 0, the pressure was maintained for 48 h to observe gas rearrangement via Ostwald ripening at the end of spontaneous imbibition, followed by brine injection to evaluate the gas recovery.</div><div>The results showed that spontaneous imbibition led to significant gas snap-off below <em>P_c</em> = 5 kPa, and over 40 % of the initial gas was displaced when <em>P_c</em> reached 0; the gas saturation was 0.51. After the storage time, the initially disconnected large gas clusters became connected across most of the sample’s length. Subsequent brine injection led to some additional gas displacement, with the final gas saturation reaching 0.43. <em>In situ</em> contact angle measurements at <em>P_c</em> = 0 and after brine injection showed an average of 40 °, indicating water-wet conditions, while the H₂-brine interfacial curvature was low, consistent with a local capillary pressure of approximately only 1 kPa. Pore occupancy analysis showed gas was initially displaced from narrow pores, with residual gas ganglia trapped in the largest pores, as expected in a water-wet rock. These findings demonstrate that spontaneous imbibition alone can account for a significant fraction of gas displacement above the gas-water contact and should be incorporated into capillary pressure-saturation models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105064"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical study on dynamic flow past two tandem porous circular cylinders near a moving wall at Reynolds number of 150","authors":"Hoang Quan Nguyen ,&nbsp;Pramudita Satria Palar ,&nbsp;Lavi Rizki Zuhal ,&nbsp;Jhe-Kai Lin ,&nbsp;Viet Dung Duong","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces the first comprehensive numerical analysis of dynamic flows past two tandem porous circular cylinders positioned near a moving wall, using lattice Boltzmann method integrated with block-structured topology-confined mesh refinement. Simulations are conducted in wide parameter space of spacing ratios <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></math></span>, gap ratios <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span>, and porosities <span><math><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></math></span> at Reynolds number of 150 (where <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mi>D</mi></math></span> are two cylinder’s spacing, cylinder-wall gap and cylinder diameter, respectively). Five distinct flow regimes are identified as overshoot (OS), pairwise (PW) reattachment (CR-continuous reattachment and AR-alternative reattachment), quasi-coshedding (QS), and co-shedding (CS), driven by the variation of porosity, spacing, and gap ratios. Wake transitions reveal complex flow dynamics, with the OS regime marked by shear-boundary layer interactions, CR and AR regimes exhibiting primary vortex shedding, and QS and CS regimes displaying primary, two-layered and secondary vortex shedding modes. Flow transitions diminish at small gap ratios, while at moderate spacing ratios, four regimes of PW, CR, AR, and CS occur, with QS and CS interchanging at large spacing ratios. Hydrodynamically, upstream cylinder fully shadows downstream one near moving wall. The upstream cylinder’s drag coefficient changes inversely related to the downstream cylinder’s. The moderate gap ratio induces dominant Karman vortex shedding behind the downstream cylinder. The porosity coefficient significantly influences the vortex shedding frequency for two cylinders at moderate spacing and gap ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105054"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of seasonality and plant morphology on wake characteristics behind a patch of natural-like riparian vegetation","authors":"Marco Maio,&nbsp;Nicola Fontana,&nbsp;Gustavo Marini","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Behind a riparian vegetation patch, wake characteristics including a region of reduced flow velocity and increased turbulence may promote sediment deposition and further vegetation growth, thus understanding riparian vegetation-associated flow and wake characteristics is crucial to studying and developing predictive models for hydromorphological processes. Through flume experiments we explore the flow structure downstream of a circular vegetation patch of complex morphology to investigate the impact of seasonality and reconfiguration on wake features. To this end, three cases including one leafless, and two foliated plant patches representative of riparian species were tested under two flow conditions. The findings reveal the presence of leaves and branches to affect the mean and turbulent flow fields generating additional mixing as compared with models based on rigid cylinders. Due to the complex volume distribution in the vertical direction, three-dimensional flow structures were attained downstream of the riparian vegetation with the vertical flow forcing generating mixing that inhibited formation of the von Karman vortex street. In contrast, the flow structure downstream of the leafless patch was similar to that obtained for rigid cylinders with the occurrence of two-dimensional flow field. The differing plant morphologies affected the reconfiguration process consequently impacting wake size. The main differences were obtained for the lowest bulk flow velocity tested with the plant patch comprising longer leaves that streamlined and aligned with the flow resulting in smaller wake width than the elliptical leaves plant patch.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 105059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}