Advances in Water Resources最新文献

{"title":"A U-Net architecture as a surrogate model combined with a geostatistical spectral algorithm for transient groundwater flow inverse problems","authors":"Dany Lauzon","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Characterizing groundwater flow parameters is crucial for understanding complex aquifer systems, and inverse techniques play a fundamental role in modeling hydrogeological parameters and assessing their uncertainties. Nonetheless, the use of a forward model in these methods can be highly time-consuming, especially with an increasing number of model parameters. To address this issue, we propose a surrogate model based on a U-Net architecture that replaces the transient groundwater flow model, reducing runtime and enabling a fast quantification of uncertainties related to key parameters, including heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity, boundary conditions, specific storage, and pumping rate. The surrogate is trained using limited evaluations of the forward model to learn the physical relationship between hydraulic conductivity fields and transient hydraulic heads measured on-site. The physical principles of the studied problem, including boundary conditions, specific storage, and source terms, are also mapped and introduced as inputs to the model to enhance its understanding of the governing equation of transient groundwater flow. To speed up learning using image–image regression, the previously predicted transient hydraulic heads also serve as an input to predict the transient heads at the current time step. Once the model is trained, we use a spectral geostatistical method to solve the inverse problem, a pumping test of 12 h, using the surrogate model in place of the forward model. Our study demonstrates that the trained U-Net accurately reproduces the state variables corresponding to a specific parameter field, and in terms of computational demand, using U-Net as a surrogate model reduces the required computational time by approximately an order of magnitude for the defined problem. The proposed approach offers an efficient and accurate method for groundwater flow parameter characterization and uncertainty quantification in complex aquifer systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104726"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170824001131/pdfft?md5=baeb36ff716d058dd774773d2b6d5155&pid=1-s2.0-S0309170824001131-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141177534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore-scale simulation of the influence of grain material of artificial porous media on the motion and deposition of suspended particle","authors":"Taijia Lu ,&nbsp;Gengyang Zang ,&nbsp;Yong Yang ,&nbsp;Shilin Wang ,&nbsp;Yanfeng Gong ,&nbsp;Liping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we investigated the effect mechanism of the grain material of artificial porous media coating quartz sand (SiO₂), titanium dioxide (n-TiO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO) and polystyrene (PS) on the motion and deposition of suspended particles. First, the relationship was deeply analysed between the DLVO potential energy and the physico-chemical properties of grain material, including the Hamaker constant and surface zeta potential. Second, the lattice Boltzmann method-immersed moving boundary-discrete element method (LBM-IMB-DEM) was used to investigate the motion characteristics of suspended particles and their effects, including the penetration rate, deposition rate, porosity reduction and the porosity-permeability relations. Third, the relations were innovatively explained between the energy barrier and the particles bridging and bridge collapse which cause the fluctuation of permeability reduction. The main results are as follows. (1) The descending order of the energy barrier between suspended particle and grain material is SiO₂, ZnO, PS and n-TiO₂, which is the same as that of the surface zeta potential of grain material. (2) For the suspended particles with the same size, the higher potential energy and Primary energy minimum (PEM) enhance the penetration rate. The particle deposition rate in porous media coating n-TiO₂ is higher than others. (3) The highest non-uniformity of the porosity reduction occurs in the porous media coating the material with the lowest energy barrier. (4) For the grain material with lower energy barrier, the fluctuation frequency of permeability reduction is lower owing to the longer bridging time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-informed neural network simulation of two-phase flow in heterogeneous and fractured porous media","authors":"Xia Yan ,&nbsp;Jingqi Lin ,&nbsp;Sheng Wang ,&nbsp;Zhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Piyang Liu ,&nbsp;Shuyu Sun ,&nbsp;Jun Yao ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have received great attention as a promising paradigm for forward, inverse, and surrogate modeling of various physical processes with limited or no labeled data. However, PINNs are rarely used to predict two-phase flow in heterogeneous and fractured porous media, which is critical to lots of subsurface applications, due to the significant challenges in their training. In this work, we present an Enriched Physics-Informed Neural Network (E-PINN) to overcome these barriers and realize the simulation of such flow. Specifically, the Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) is adopted to explicitly represent fractures, and then the finite volume method (FVM) instead of the Automatic Differentiation (AD) is used to evaluate spatial derivatives and construct the physics-informed loss function, so that the flux continuity between neighboring elements with different properties (e.g. matrix and fracture) can be defined rigorously. Besides, we develop a novel physics-informed neural network (NN) architecture adopting the adjacency-location anchoring, adaptive activation function, skip connection and gated updating to enrich the pressure information and enhance the learning ability of NN. Additionally, the initial and boundary conditions are constrained through a hard approach, which encodes them into network design, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of network training. In order to further reduce the difficulty of training, the Implicit-Pressure Explicit-Saturation (IMPES) scheme is used to calculate pressure and saturation, in which only the pressure needs to be solved by training NN. Finally, the superiority and applicability of E-PINN to complex practical problems is demonstrated through the simulations of immiscible displacement in 2D/3D heterogeneous and fractured reservoirs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141134957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of vegetated mid-channel bar on flow and turbulence in bifurcated channels: An experimental approach","authors":"Ketan Kumar Nandi ,&nbsp;Riddick Kakati ,&nbsp;Subashisa Dutta ,&nbsp;Kishanjit Kumar Khatua","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolution of fluvial systems is greatly impacted by mid-channel bars, a typical morphodynamic process in natural rivers. Sometimes, the growth of vegetation over these bars complicates the morphological behaviour by interacting with the flow. It is therefore necessary to have a fundamental interpretation of the flow-turbulence structure around the mid-bar in presence of vegetation cover in order to understand braiding dynamics, still studies in this area are scarce. The present study investigates the process-form-vegetation-interaction through experimental investigation at a flume scale mid-channel bar model with different natural vegetation cover arrangements (paddy, leafy, and rigid stem). The flow-turbulence behaviour has been observed through the bifurcated channel using the three-dimensional Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). Results showed that the longitudinal velocity component varies with the different vegetation cover, and it was highest with leafy vegetation (about 32%). Similarly, the Reynolds Stress and Turbulence Intensity were also observed to be higher in case of leafy vegetation. A unique pattern of flow-turbulence parameters was observed near the bar level, the lower canopy level, and the upper canopy level. Moreover, it was found that vegetation structure and its flexible nature influence both longitudinal velocity reduction and momentum transfer at and over the canopy, as well as the thickness of the shear layer region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104727"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141144762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient behavior of the freshwater-saltwater mixing zone after land reclamation in coastal aquifers","authors":"Tianyuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Yu ,&nbsp;Shaobo Gao ,&nbsp;Qinpeng Chang ,&nbsp;Yunhai Fang ,&nbsp;Xilai Zheng ,&nbsp;Olaf Kolditz ,&nbsp;Jian Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interaction between freshwater and saltwater in the mixing zone governs regional groundwater flow and the exchange of water and salt between groundwater and the ocean. However, previous studies have overlooked the impact of land reclamation on the transient behavior of the mixing zone. This research investigated the dynamic influence of reclamation length, reclamation material properties, and recharge rate on the transient behavior of the mixing zone and timescale of mixing zone variation (TMV) through a series of field-scale numerical simulations. In general, the width of the mixing zone (WMZ) in the upper and center regions of the aquifer exhibited initial increase followed by subsequent decrease in various scenarios, displaying a consistent trend. For reclamation lengths less than 300 m, the mixing zone reached a steady-state condition within 8,000 days, while the corresponding TMV for a 500 m-length reclamation case increased to 20,000 days. The growth rates of the WMZ in the upper and center regions of the aquifer were notably slower, requiring more time to reach steady state in low-permeability scenarios. This observation underscored that reclamation with lower permeability could significantly extend the TMV. It was noteworthy that varying the longitudinal dispersion of the reclamation area between 0.5–10 m had only a slight effect on the TMV, ranging from 8,000 to 8,500 days. The peaks of the mixing zone width showed a proportional increase with longitudinal dispersion. Furthermore, increasing the recharge rate led to a substantial decrease in the TMV, from 10,000 days to 2,000 days. The WMZ exhibited faster growth with increasing recharge rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104728"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141095641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative permeability hysteresis and residual trapping in rough-walled fractures: An experimental investigation of the effects of flow rate and saturation history using the steady-state approach","authors":"Mohammed Eliebid,&nbsp;Abdelhalim Mohamed,&nbsp;Maziar Arshadi,&nbsp;Yanbin Gong,&nbsp;Mohammad Piri","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we use the steady-state measurement technique to characterize two-phase brine-mineral oil relative permeabilities and residual trapping in water-wet rough-walled fractures induced in Eagle Ford shale rock samples. Furthermore, we systematically probe the effects of flow rate and saturation history on these properties. The influences of capillary, gravity, and viscous forces on fracture flow stability and two-phase relative permeabilities are also investigated under different flow conditions represented by varying capillary and Bond numbers. The results demonstrated significant phase interference for the oil–brine flow in rough-walled fractures, which renders the commonly used x-curve and Corey models inadequate to represent the steady-state oil–brine relative permeabilities measured in this study. The saturation history influenced the relative permeabilities of both the wetting (brine) and non-wetting (mineral oil) fluid phases and the residual saturations during waterflooding. Generally, the residual oil saturation and oil relative permeability decreased with the decline in the initial oil saturation. Furthermore, at similar brine saturations, the oil relative permeability during waterflooding improved as the total flow rate increased. This increase was attributed to the high mobility of the connected oil phase within the fracture and the water-wet characteristics of the fracture walls. The brine relative permeability trend followed that of its counterpart measured under the capillary-dominated regime and only exceeded that at very high brine saturations. At higher flow rates, the residual oil trapping was significantly reduced due to the higher efficiency of the viscous-dominated displacement process. The results suggest that a high total flow rate in water-wet fractures maintains a high non-wetting phase relative permeability over a wide range of water-cut values and reduces the residual non-wetting phase saturation in the fracture at the end of waterflooding. Finally, improved correlation models were devised based on a subset of experimental results generated for fractures with various conductivities. They provide a more accurate description of fractures’ relative permeabilities compared to commonly used models. These correlations were successfully tested against relative permeability data measured for a fracture excluded during the fitting process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141134884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graph theory based estimation of probable CO2 plume spreading in siliciclastic reservoirs with lithological heterogeneity","authors":"Achyut Mishra ,&nbsp;Hailun Ni ,&nbsp;Seyed Ahmad Mortazavi ,&nbsp;Ralf R. Haese","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estimating plume spreading in geological CO₂ storage reservoirs is critical for several reasons including the assessment of pore space utilization efficiency, preferential CO₂ migration pathways and trapping. However, plume spreading critically depends on lithological heterogeneity of the reservoir and CO₂ injection rate. It might require numerous high fidelity full physics numerical simulations to constrain the uncertainty in plume spreading for a given reservoir. This might not always be practical due to computational limitations. Hence, reduced physics approaches, such as invasion-percolation method and machine learning, could be useful to answer certain questions on plume spreading in the subsurface. This study presents a new reduced physics approach based on graph theory for estimating probable CO₂ plume migration under very low and very high injection rates. The two end-member scenarios are assessed by performing random walk in the 3D reservoir space to constrain 20,000 possible paths of CO₂ flow away from the injection well. The resistance to CO₂ flow associated with each path is computed for viscous, capillary and gravity forces. The resistances are then transformed into the likelihood of CO₂ migration along the path. The algorithm was applied to 45 reservoir models with varying degrees of lithological heterogeneity and the results were compared to those from full physics and invasion percolation simulations. The graph theory results showed a close match with the results from full physics approach for both flow regimes and with results from invasion-percolation approach for capillary-gravity dominated flow regime. The algorithm was further applied to answer key questions on reservoir screening such as pore space utilization potential. The graph theory approach was also integrated with machine learning to predict CO₂ saturation. Testing suggested that the graph theory approach can be as much as 50 and 20 times faster than the full physics numerical simulations and invasion-percolation simulations, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170824001040/pdfft?md5=2beb124e4248cd5cdc46a41688c4cc59&pid=1-s2.0-S0309170824001040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent dispersion coefficients for the evolution of displacement fronts in heterogeneous porous media","authors":"Satoshi Tajima ,&nbsp;Marco Dentz ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Liu ,&nbsp;Tomochika Tokunaga","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present an approach for quantifying displacement fronts in heterogeneous porous media based on the concept of time-dependent apparent dispersion coefficients. The concept of constant asymptotic macrodispersion generally overestimates the area swept by a displacement front and leads to unrealistic upstream dispersion. We show that the large-scale front spreading can be captured by a one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation that is parameterized by a suitably chosen temporally evolving dispersion coefficient. For purely advective front spreading, we derive an analytical expression based on a predictive continuous time random walk approach, which applies to highly heterogeneous porous media. This analysis elucidates the variability of solute travel times as the key longitudinal spreading mechanism. It shows that the evolution of dispersion can be captured as the sum of exponentials that decay on two dominant time scales. In a particle-based picture, these scales mark the short time at which transported particles start exploring the flow variability and the large time at which the slowest particles start decorrelating their transport velocity. Based on these insights, we propose a heuristic formula that accounts for the impact of local-scale dispersion as an additional decorrelation mechanism. The heuristic expression for the longitudinal dispersion coefficient captures solute spreading for a broad range of Péclet numbers and heterogeneity variances. The proposed approach is tested against direct numerical simulations. It provides a robust and fast method for quantifying the evolution of displacement fronts in heterogeneous porous media with possible applications, for example, in groundwater contamination modelling, underground gas storage, and geothermal energy production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170824001015/pdfft?md5=d3ab0372d34f201e00a7b1b66870e3c5&pid=1-s2.0-S0309170824001015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood plain inundation modeling with explicit description of land surface macrostructures","authors":"Simone Pizzileo,&nbsp;Giovanni Moretti,&nbsp;Stefano Orlandini","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although high-resolution digital surface model (DSM) data derived from lidar surveys can describe land surface macrostructures like trees and buildings, digital terrain model (DTM) data obtained by filtering out these macrostructures are commonly used in flood inundation models. In the present study, it is shown for the first time that DSM data can be used directly in flood inundation models by employing automatically-extracted ridges as breaklines for the generation of geomorphologically-informed meshes (GIMs). Even under the simplifying assumption of impermeable macrostructures, especially when GIM refinement is applied, the use of DSM data in preference to DTM data leads to significant improvement in flood predictions. By comparing simulations and observations for a real flood inundation, it is found that the direct use of 1-m DSM data in place of the related DTM data leads to a 42% improvement in predicted flood area, a 36% improvement in predicted flood areal position, and a 25% improvement in predicted times of travel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170824001003/pdfft?md5=63dc77fddfa98b71a1bd562160bddc2c&pid=1-s2.0-S0309170824001003-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 2D shallow water flow model with 1D internal boundary condition for subgrid-scale topography","authors":"P. Vallés ,&nbsp;J. Fernández-Pato ,&nbsp;M. Morales-Hernández ,&nbsp;I. Echeverribar ,&nbsp;P. García-Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, a dynamic internal boundary condition is used as subgrid model in a two-dimensional (2D) model based on the shallow water equations in order to model narrow regions in the domain. In this way, computational savings are sought, since it is not necessary to discretize these regions with cells of reduced size. The new internal boundary condition simplifies other works where 1D–2D coupled models were presented, since the 1D model is a subgrid for the 2D mesh, so the coupling between both models is simple and direct. The coupling is performed using mass conservation, simplifying the calculation in the transfer between both models. Test cases are studied to validate the implemented boundary condition, and a mountain catchment as a realistic case. The results obtained with a fully 2D mesh and a 2D mesh with rills in narrow regions are very similar, with a large reduction in computational cost when using rills, both in test cases and in the realistic case. Thus, the use of the implemented internal boundary condition is an effective tool to study regions with narrow regions by reducing the computational cost with little loss of accuracy in the results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170824001039/pdfft?md5=f4731eeb835f0f7a91547194f107d99c&pid=1-s2.0-S0309170824001039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140914012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}