Advances in Water Resources最新文献

{"title":"Relative permeability hysteresis and residual trapping in rough-walled fractures: An experimental investigation of the effects of flow rate and saturation history using the steady-state approach","authors":"Mohammed Eliebid,&nbsp;Abdelhalim Mohamed,&nbsp;Maziar Arshadi,&nbsp;Yanbin Gong,&nbsp;Mohammad Piri","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we use the steady-state measurement technique to characterize two-phase brine-mineral oil relative permeabilities and residual trapping in water-wet rough-walled fractures induced in Eagle Ford shale rock samples. Furthermore, we systematically probe the effects of flow rate and saturation history on these properties. The influences of capillary, gravity, and viscous forces on fracture flow stability and two-phase relative permeabilities are also investigated under different flow conditions represented by varying capillary and Bond numbers. The results demonstrated significant phase interference for the oil–brine flow in rough-walled fractures, which renders the commonly used x-curve and Corey models inadequate to represent the steady-state oil–brine relative permeabilities measured in this study. The saturation history influenced the relative permeabilities of both the wetting (brine) and non-wetting (mineral oil) fluid phases and the residual saturations during waterflooding. Generally, the residual oil saturation and oil relative permeability decreased with the decline in the initial oil saturation. Furthermore, at similar brine saturations, the oil relative permeability during waterflooding improved as the total flow rate increased. This increase was attributed to the high mobility of the connected oil phase within the fracture and the water-wet characteristics of the fracture walls. The brine relative permeability trend followed that of its counterpart measured under the capillary-dominated regime and only exceeded that at very high brine saturations. At higher flow rates, the residual oil trapping was significantly reduced due to the higher efficiency of the viscous-dominated displacement process. The results suggest that a high total flow rate in water-wet fractures maintains a high non-wetting phase relative permeability over a wide range of water-cut values and reduces the residual non-wetting phase saturation in the fracture at the end of waterflooding. Finally, improved correlation models were devised based on a subset of experimental results generated for fractures with various conductivities. They provide a more accurate description of fractures’ relative permeabilities compared to commonly used models. These correlations were successfully tested against relative permeability data measured for a fracture excluded during the fitting process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141134884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graph theory based estimation of probable CO2 plume spreading in siliciclastic reservoirs with lithological heterogeneity","authors":"Achyut Mishra ,&nbsp;Hailun Ni ,&nbsp;Seyed Ahmad Mortazavi ,&nbsp;Ralf R. Haese","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estimating plume spreading in geological CO₂ storage reservoirs is critical for several reasons including the assessment of pore space utilization efficiency, preferential CO₂ migration pathways and trapping. However, plume spreading critically depends on lithological heterogeneity of the reservoir and CO₂ injection rate. It might require numerous high fidelity full physics numerical simulations to constrain the uncertainty in plume spreading for a given reservoir. This might not always be practical due to computational limitations. Hence, reduced physics approaches, such as invasion-percolation method and machine learning, could be useful to answer certain questions on plume spreading in the subsurface. This study presents a new reduced physics approach based on graph theory for estimating probable CO₂ plume migration under very low and very high injection rates. The two end-member scenarios are assessed by performing random walk in the 3D reservoir space to constrain 20,000 possible paths of CO₂ flow away from the injection well. The resistance to CO₂ flow associated with each path is computed for viscous, capillary and gravity forces. The resistances are then transformed into the likelihood of CO₂ migration along the path. The algorithm was applied to 45 reservoir models with varying degrees of lithological heterogeneity and the results were compared to those from full physics and invasion percolation simulations. The graph theory results showed a close match with the results from full physics approach for both flow regimes and with results from invasion-percolation approach for capillary-gravity dominated flow regime. The algorithm was further applied to answer key questions on reservoir screening such as pore space utilization potential. The graph theory approach was also integrated with machine learning to predict CO₂ saturation. Testing suggested that the graph theory approach can be as much as 50 and 20 times faster than the full physics numerical simulations and invasion-percolation simulations, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170824001040/pdfft?md5=2beb124e4248cd5cdc46a41688c4cc59&pid=1-s2.0-S0309170824001040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent dispersion coefficients for the evolution of displacement fronts in heterogeneous porous media","authors":"Satoshi Tajima ,&nbsp;Marco Dentz ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Liu ,&nbsp;Tomochika Tokunaga","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present an approach for quantifying displacement fronts in heterogeneous porous media based on the concept of time-dependent apparent dispersion coefficients. The concept of constant asymptotic macrodispersion generally overestimates the area swept by a displacement front and leads to unrealistic upstream dispersion. We show that the large-scale front spreading can be captured by a one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation that is parameterized by a suitably chosen temporally evolving dispersion coefficient. For purely advective front spreading, we derive an analytical expression based on a predictive continuous time random walk approach, which applies to highly heterogeneous porous media. This analysis elucidates the variability of solute travel times as the key longitudinal spreading mechanism. It shows that the evolution of dispersion can be captured as the sum of exponentials that decay on two dominant time scales. In a particle-based picture, these scales mark the short time at which transported particles start exploring the flow variability and the large time at which the slowest particles start decorrelating their transport velocity. Based on these insights, we propose a heuristic formula that accounts for the impact of local-scale dispersion as an additional decorrelation mechanism. The heuristic expression for the longitudinal dispersion coefficient captures solute spreading for a broad range of Péclet numbers and heterogeneity variances. The proposed approach is tested against direct numerical simulations. It provides a robust and fast method for quantifying the evolution of displacement fronts in heterogeneous porous media with possible applications, for example, in groundwater contamination modelling, underground gas storage, and geothermal energy production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170824001015/pdfft?md5=d3ab0372d34f201e00a7b1b66870e3c5&pid=1-s2.0-S0309170824001015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood plain inundation modeling with explicit description of land surface macrostructures","authors":"Simone Pizzileo,&nbsp;Giovanni Moretti,&nbsp;Stefano Orlandini","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although high-resolution digital surface model (DSM) data derived from lidar surveys can describe land surface macrostructures like trees and buildings, digital terrain model (DTM) data obtained by filtering out these macrostructures are commonly used in flood inundation models. In the present study, it is shown for the first time that DSM data can be used directly in flood inundation models by employing automatically-extracted ridges as breaklines for the generation of geomorphologically-informed meshes (GIMs). Even under the simplifying assumption of impermeable macrostructures, especially when GIM refinement is applied, the use of DSM data in preference to DTM data leads to significant improvement in flood predictions. By comparing simulations and observations for a real flood inundation, it is found that the direct use of 1-m DSM data in place of the related DTM data leads to a 42% improvement in predicted flood area, a 36% improvement in predicted flood areal position, and a 25% improvement in predicted times of travel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170824001003/pdfft?md5=63dc77fddfa98b71a1bd562160bddc2c&pid=1-s2.0-S0309170824001003-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 2D shallow water flow model with 1D internal boundary condition for subgrid-scale topography","authors":"P. Vallés ,&nbsp;J. Fernández-Pato ,&nbsp;M. Morales-Hernández ,&nbsp;I. Echeverribar ,&nbsp;P. García-Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, a dynamic internal boundary condition is used as subgrid model in a two-dimensional (2D) model based on the shallow water equations in order to model narrow regions in the domain. In this way, computational savings are sought, since it is not necessary to discretize these regions with cells of reduced size. The new internal boundary condition simplifies other works where 1D–2D coupled models were presented, since the 1D model is a subgrid for the 2D mesh, so the coupling between both models is simple and direct. The coupling is performed using mass conservation, simplifying the calculation in the transfer between both models. Test cases are studied to validate the implemented boundary condition, and a mountain catchment as a realistic case. The results obtained with a fully 2D mesh and a 2D mesh with rills in narrow regions are very similar, with a large reduction in computational cost when using rills, both in test cases and in the realistic case. Thus, the use of the implemented internal boundary condition is an effective tool to study regions with narrow regions by reducing the computational cost with little loss of accuracy in the results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 104716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170824001039/pdfft?md5=f4731eeb835f0f7a91547194f107d99c&pid=1-s2.0-S0309170824001039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140914012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Runoff generation in a semiarid environment: The role of rainstorm intra-event temporal variability and antecedent soil moisture","authors":"Shmuel Assouline ,&nbsp;Shai Sela ,&nbsp;Michael Dorman ,&nbsp;Tal Svoray","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rainfall intensity and antecedent soil moisture are key variables affecting the initiation and accumulation of runoff, and therefore, impact on the occurence flood events. We used time series of rainfall intensities characterizing rainstorms with different mean, standard deviation, and skewness to simulate runoff response of a sealed loamy soil profile under various initial soil moisture conditions. We found that shifting from wet to dry initial soil moisture leads to a 300 % increase in ponding time and a 350 % decrease in total runoff. Intense rainfall events catalyze runoff development and runoff occurs earlier with increasing mean, maximum intensity, and variance of rainfall. Higher variance in intra-event storm-intensity temporal distribution yields more runoff. Earlier runoff formation aligned with negatively skewed storm structures, but largest cumulative runoff resulted from storms displaying near-zero skewness values. The combination between rainfall intensification and extended dry periods between storms might reduce potential runoff. These insights improve our understanding of anticipated impacts of climate variations on floods and may also contribute to ecosystem health evaluations, and bolster predictive capabilities of surface processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140894277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of long-term observed trends on the performance of seasonal hydroclimate forecasts","authors":"Rajarshi Das Bhowmik ,&nbsp;Venkatesh Budamala ,&nbsp;A. Sankarasubramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Skillful forecasts of hydroclimate variables are essential for operational water management, agricultural planning, and food supply. Several studies have attempted to improve the skill of raw forecasts either by post-processing or by incorporating sea surface conditions into raw forecasts. However, to the best of our knowledge, limited to no study has investigated temporal trend, which is present in observed records but is absent from retrospective forecasts (also known as, hindcasts). The current study understands that a temporal trend can be yielded in raw meteorological forecasts by i) updating surface boundary forcings and ii) applying statistical models for either post-processing meteorological forecasts or issuing streamflow forecasting using weather forecasts as predictors. To analytically derive the relationship between temporal trend and forecast performance, this study applies three statistical approaches for post-processing season-ahead hindcasts of the Indian monsoon obtained from three general circulation models (GCM). The findings show that raw hindcasts of the Indian monsoons typically ignore the temporal trend present in the observed records. Furthermore, analytical derivations confirm that the absence of a trend in GCM hindcasts significantly influences post-processing performance. Moreover, a semi-parametric approach could not overcome the limitations of a parametric linear model in yielding a temporal trend in the hindcasts. Potential reasons for the absence of a trend in the hindcast is also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104707"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lattice Boltzmann simulation of dissolution patterns in porous media: Single porosity versus dual porosity media","authors":"Elham Kashani ,&nbsp;Ali Mohebbi ,&nbsp;Amir Ehsan Feili Monfared ,&nbsp;Enno T. de Vries ,&nbsp;Amir Raoof","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the influence of porous media structure, particularly dual porosity, on solvent transport and pore geometry evolution during chemical reactions is a complex and critical area of study. This research leverages the lattice Boltzmann method to investigate how the presence of aggregates in a medium affects solvent transport and pore space development, focusing on distinct dissolution regimes: face and wormhole dissolution. The study addresses the challenge of managing variable pore sizes in dual porosity media by developing specialized GPU algorithms, which efficiently handle fine grids and complex pore spaces. The findings reveal that dual porosity significantly enhances dissolution rates in both the face and wormhole dissolution regimes. Intriguingly, while the pattern of face dissolution remains largely unchanged, dual porosity markedly alters the pattern of wormhole dissolution. In dual-porosity media, the wormholes tend to be narrower and more elongated compared to the wider wormholes observed in single-porosity media. This variation is attributed to the reaction area dynamics, where the reduced reactive surface area along the main wormhole path in dual-porosity media results in less solvent engagement in the reaction processes. Moreover, the research provides insights into the microscale interactions in porous media, emphasizing how variations in microscale porosity can have substantial impacts on the overall dissolution dynamics. The study results are not only significant for understanding the fundamental aspects of chemical dissolution in porous media but also have practical implications in fields such as geo-energy and groundwater remediation. These findings help optimizing reaction processes in complex and heterogeneous porous systems, highlighting the need for detailed consideration of microstructural characteristics in modeling and industrial applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104712"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of 1D model for overland flow simulations on 2D complex domains","authors":"Yaoxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan ,&nbsp;Ronald L. Bingner ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Chao ,&nbsp;Eddy Langendoen ,&nbsp;Andrew M. O'Reilly ,&nbsp;Dalmo A.N. Vieira","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High computational demand limits the applications of two-dimensional (2D) shallow water equation models for high resolution overland flow simulations, while one-dimensional (1D) models can achieve higher computing efficiency. This study applied a 1D hydrodynamic model to surrogate 2D models for overland flow simulations on complex 2D domains. With one dimension reduced, the surrogate model simulation would have acceptable accuracy with much higher computing efficiency. The surrogating is fulfilled through mimicking 2D models in mesh generations, so that the 1D channel network is generated in such a way that it geometrically covers the whole domain without overlapping and intersection, and hydrologically follows the steepest slopes. Several benchmark cases on 2D domains in both laboratory and field scales with complex geometry, where no 1D models have been ever applied, are used to compare the 1D and 2D model simulations. The comparisons demonstrate that the 1D model does have potentials to efficiently simulate overland flow on 2D complex domains with accuracy comparable to 2D models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104711"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140769060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixing-phase model for shear-induced contractive/dilative effects in unsteady water-sediment mixture flows","authors":"S. Martínez-Aranda,&nbsp;J. Fernández-Pato,&nbsp;P. García-Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among the geophysical surface processes, mud and debris flows show one of the most complex and challenging behaviour for scientists and modellers. These flows consist of highly-unsteady gravity-driven movements of water-sediment mixtures with non-Newtonian rheology where the solid concentration could be about 40%–80% of the flow volume and which occur along steep and irregular terrains. Furthermore, the appearance of dynamic pressures in the fluid filling the intergranular pores increases the complexity and dominates the behaviour of the fluidized water-sediment material, leading to the appearance of significant density gradients during the movement. The dynamic pressure in the pore-fluid changes the effective normal stress within the mobilized material, affecting the frictional shear stress between grains and leading to the solid phase dilation/contraction. This must be properly accounted for when developing realistic models for water-sediment surface flows. In this work, a novel physically-based approach for modelling multi-grain dense-packed water-sediment flows is presented. A novel closure formulation for the pressure distribution within the pore-fluid during the movement of dense-packed water-sediment materials has been derived. This closure allows to relate the appearance of shear-induced dynamic pore pressures to the contractive/dilative behaviour of the solid aggregate. The resultant system of depth-averaged conservation laws includes continuity of the density-variable water-sediment material and the different solid classes transported in the flow, as well as the linear momentum equation for the fluidized bulk material, and it is solved using a well-balanced fully-coupled Finite Volume (FV) method. The resultant simulation tool is faced to synthetic, laboratory and real-scale benchmark cases to test its robustness and accuracy. The presence of dynamic pore pressures within the pore-fluid leads to the appearance of a deviatoric contribution to the solid flux, which causes the shear-induced separation of the solid and liquid phases and sustains the flow mobility for long distances, as it has been observed in real mud and debris events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 104710"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309170824000976/pdfft?md5=1fc4756af01855e75cf8116339299546&pid=1-s2.0-S0309170824000976-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140762238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}