Advances in Water Resources最新文献

{"title":"Microfluidic study of CO2 diffusive leakage through microfractures in saline aquifers for CO2 sequestration","authors":"Wei Yu ,&nbsp;Jack H.Y. Lo ,&nbsp;Abdulrauf R. Adebayo ,&nbsp;Mohamed Gamal Rezk ,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Yaseri ,&nbsp;Zuhair AlYousef","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ diffusive leakage, or diffusive transport, through intrinsic or induced caprock fractures poses a significant concern for the security of CO₂ sequestration in saline aquifers. Although this issue has garnered considerable interest and has been the subject of many numerical analyses, experimental studies remain limited. We present the first experimental investigation of CO₂ diffusive leakage through microfractures in a generalized microfluidic system that represents the key features of the system under realistic CO₂ sequestration conditions. Our findings reveal two-stage depletion kinetics of trapped CO₂ in porous media, driven by dissolution and diffusion through fractures. The first stage is characterized by the rapid dissolution of CO₂ into nearby brine, while the second stage exhibits a steady leakage rate as CO₂ diffuses through the fractures into a water sink, driven by the solubility limit, assuming stable microfracture structures and negligible advection. Between these two stages, there is a transition period during which CO₂ saturation remains stable. Two key parameters are proposed to quantify the diffusive leakage process: the transition time and the steady-state leakage rate. The transition time <span><math><mrow><mn>0.1</mn><mfrac><msup><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>D</mi></mfrac><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span> defines the timescale for the onset of a diffusive leakage event, where <em>l</em> represents the fracture length and <em>D</em> the gas diffusivity. The steady-state leakage rate is primarily governed by aquifer conditions and fracture properties, which scales as <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>D</mi><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mi>l</mi></mfrac></math></span>​​, where <em>C</em>₁​ is the solubility limit. Our theoretical predictions align well with the experimental results. Additionally, the effects of temperature, pressure, salinity, and storage depth on CO₂ diffusivity and solubility are explored through sensitivity analysis. Despite the simplifications in our experimental design and modeling, our study lays the foundation for future research by progressively incorporating additional complexities. These findings provide broader implications for assessing leakage risks in subsurface geological gas storage, such as H₂ and CH₄.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FluidNet-Lite: Lightweight convolutional neural network for pore-scale modeling of multiphase flow in heterogeneous porous media","authors":"Mohammed Yaqoob ,&nbsp;Mohammed Yusuf Ansari ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ishaq ,&nbsp;Unais Ashraf ,&nbsp;Saideep Pavuluri ,&nbsp;Arash Rabbani ,&nbsp;Harris Sajjad Rabbani ,&nbsp;Thomas D. Seers","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modeling breakthrough patterns in heterogeneous porous media during two-phase fluid flow presents unique challenges due to computational complexity and data scarcity. Current deep learning approaches, primarily generative adversarial network (GAN) based, focus on homogeneous media, limiting their practical application in real-world heterogeneous pore systems. In this work, we introduce <em>FluidNet-Lite</em>, a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network for pore-scale modeling in heterogeneous porous media. Departing from generative task frameworks, we reformulate breakthrough pattern prediction as an innovative pixel-wise classification task, significantly reducing model complexity. By integrating two essential physical parameters—viscosity ratio (<span><math><mi>M</mi></math></span>) and contact angle (<span><math><mi>θ</mi></math></span>), our approach improves predictive accuracy and embeds critical physics-based dependencies directly into the learning process. A Grain-Weighted Adaptive Loss (GWAL) function further enforces fluid flow principles, enhancing model consistency with physical laws. <em>FluidNet-Lite</em> achieves state-of-the-art performance with an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.92 and a Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) of 0.89. It is 94% lighter and 48% more computationally efficient than GAN-based alternatives, reducing VRAM usage by 40% and inference time by 30%. Demonstrating robust generalization across interpolation, extrapolation, and unseen test samples, <em>FluidNet-Lite</em> sets a new benchmark for lightweight, physics-informed modeling in heterogeneous porous media fluid dynamics, as evidenced by its superior performance and efficiency improvements over conventional approaches. We also publish a comprehensive dataset and codebase to support future research in lightweight architectures for deep learning-based surrogate modeling of pore-scale immiscible displacement patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STAMNet—A spatiotemporal attention module and network for upscaling reactive transport simulations of the hyporheic zone","authors":"Marc Berghouse ,&nbsp;Rishi Parashar","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive transport (RT) simulations are important tools for understanding and predicting phenomena in the subsurface. However, RT is computationally intensive and complex simulations can be numerically unstable. Here, we present STAMNet, a low-parameter attention-based suite of neural nets that can upscale and upsample reactive transport simulations, applied to example problem of bioremediation in the hyporheic zone. We show that a simple MLP offers 30x speedup over standard multiphysics RT simulations and can accurately (<span><math><mrow><mo>≈</mo><mn>90</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) predict the output of multiple variables of a 1x20 meter RT simulation by using the output from a 1 × 2 m simulation as input. We add efficient channel attention to our optimized MLP which significantly improves the mean average error but does not affect the <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. We further develop a novel spatiotemporal attention module (STAM), which results in improvements both in mean square error and <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> (92.5%). Finally, we present a network architecture that utilizes STAM to accurately (99.9% <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) upsample simulations in two dimensions. Specifically, our model allows for the 2x upsampling of simulations in the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>y</mi></math></span> dimensions to convert a coarse-grained input into a fine-grained output. These models have potential use for Monte-Carlo-style investigations of bioremediation and the work presented serves as a proof-of-concept for accurate prediction of large sets of spatiotemporal outputs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 104951"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty assessment of solute concentration in natural aquifers sampled from observation wells","authors":"Felipe P.J. de Barros ,&nbsp;Jinwoo Im","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The subsurface environment’s complex heterogeneous structure poses challenges for accurately modeling transport phenomena due to limited data and measurement errors, leading to uncertainties in solute transport predictions. This study proposes a computational framework to semi-analytically compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of solute concentration in heterogeneous aquifers. We investigate how hydrogeological heterogeneity and sampling volume affect concentration uncertainty, as measurements are typically taken at observation wells defined by their sampling volume. Our framework estimates the CDF for a conservative solute, considering hydraulic conductivity heterogeneity, local-scale dispersion, and sampling dimensions. The CDF solution is applicable to point-source injections and scenarios with low to moderate heterogeneity. The CDF solution is verified against high-resolution numerical simulations in a 3D heterogeneous aquifer setting. Results show that sampling volume significantly impacts the concentration CDF tails, crucial for evaluating extreme event probabilities, with sensitivity to sampling volume decreasing as travel distance increases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore-scale study on solute dispersion in the aqueous phase within unsaturated porous media","authors":"Ruichang Guo ,&nbsp;Lingzao Zeng ,&nbsp;Qingqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Cheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solute dispersion in the aqueous phase within unsaturated porous media has critical implications to various natural and engineered systems, such as nutrient and contaminant transport in the vadose zone. This work developed pore-scale lattice Boltzmann (LB) modeling to simulate water-air multiphase flow and solute transport in the aqueous phase, which unraveled the role of the water saturation and Peclet (Pe) number on solute dispersivity in unsaturated three-dimensional porous media. The Pe number and water saturation influenced the solute concentration profile along the longitudinal direction in a coupled manner. Under a low Pe number, the solute concentration profile approximately followed the classic Gaussian distribution regardless of the water saturation. Under a high Pe number, the solute concentration profile became skewed and the role of the water saturation was noticeable. Under a moderate water saturation, a significant portion of the solute particles were trapped at the trailing edge, leading to the non-Fickian transport behavior. In contrast, with a high water saturation, the enhanced water connectivity in the pore space mitigated the trapping of solute particles at the trailing edge, leading to the classic Fickian dispersion. This study also showed the non-monotonic dependence of longitudinal dispersivity on the water saturation, which was caused by a competing process between pore water connectivity and flow field heterogeneity. The pore-scale simulation confirmed that the dispersivity is not a constant but depends on the Pe number nonlinearly. Therefore, there is a complicated coupling between the dispersivity, water saturation, and Pe number for multiphase flows in porous media. This study developed a six-parameter empirical model to account for the role of the water saturation and Pe number on the longitudinal dispersivity in unsaturated flows. This empirical model can be used to predict the solute dispersion coefficient in unsaturated porous media, which is critical to large-scale contaminant transport modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104957"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of wettability heterogeneity on multiphase flow: From pore-scale mechanisms to cross-scale insights","authors":"Jingrui Liu ,&nbsp;Kang Duan ,&nbsp;Rihua Jiang ,&nbsp;Qiangyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The macroscopic behavior of multiphase flow systems is governed by interfacial dynamics, which are a strong function of the synergy between viscous forces and wettability. However, the effects of wettability heterogeneity, an inherent feature of natural porous media, remain poorly understood. In this study, we incorporated spatial-related wettability into phase field model and systematically examined the synergy between capillary number (<em>Ca</em>) and wettability heterogeneity on CO₂-water multiphase flow. We developed three phase diagrams to illustrate the evolution of pore-scale displacement mechanisms driven by <em>Ca</em>-wettability-heterogeneity synergy, identifying a novel mechanism termed hybrid filling. Furthermore, we distinguished two types of wetting pinning: p-pinning, resulting from adhesion on patches, and b-pinning, caused by wettability contrasts between patches. These pinnings can enhance the effects of capillary force and contribute to energy dissipation, playing a key role in <em>Ca</em>-wettability-heterogeneity synergy. By clarifying how this synergy affects macroscopic flow characteristics, we established multidimensional diagrams to offer cross-scale insights for Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS). This work links pore-scale dynamics with large-scale flow behavior, facilitating the design of more effective GCS strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variations of velocity and pressure fields induced by large-scale (single stalk) and small-scale (sediment) roughness elements","authors":"Angel Monsalve ,&nbsp;William Jeff Reeder ,&nbsp;Katherine Adler ,&nbsp;Jose Roberto Moreto ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Liu ,&nbsp;Daniele Tonina","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterizing velocity and pressure fields in aquatic systems is crucial for understanding fundamental processes such as sediment transport, hyporheic flow, air-water exchange, and habitat quality. While large obstacles like vegetation stalks are known to create significant localized pressure gradients, the role of small-scale bed roughness in generating local pressure gradients remains poorly understood. Here, we explore flow dynamics around a vertical cylinder (simulating vegetation) over a coarse granular bed using stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) with refractive index-matched (RIM) fluid, integrated with Large Eddy Simulations (LES). Our combined approach reveals an important phenomenon: while large obstacles like vegetation stalks create localized pressure gradients, bed roughness elements generate frequent pressure fluctuations across the entire streambed. Although previous studies have focused primarily on large-obstacle effects, our findings show that grain-scale pressure variations generate stronger local gradients (up to ±250 mmH₂O/m) than those from large obstacles (±50 mmH₂O/m), and their widespread occurrence throughout the bed surface may collectively have substantial effects on hyporheic exchange. By quantifying pressure fields at both large and small scales, we demonstrate that bed roughness elements create persistent pressure gradients that, due to their widespread occurrence, may significantly influence surface-subsurface water interactions. Our results highlight the importance of considering grain-scale roughness effects when studying hyporheic processes in natural streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lattice Boltzmann modelling of capillarity, adsorption and fluid retention in simple geometries: Do capillary and film water have equal matric suction or not?","authors":"Zi Li ,&nbsp;Zhenlei Yang ,&nbsp;Sergio Galindo-Torres ,&nbsp;Ling Li","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pore water retained in unsaturated soil includes film water attached on the solid surface and capillary water in corners or pores, which are mainly controlled by adsorptive force from the solid surface and capillary force from the water-gas interface, respectively. The soil water retention (SWR) curve represents the fundamental characteristic of unsaturated soil, in which the connected capillary and adsorptive water are conventionally presumed to have equivalent suction values as matric suction. Here, a long-range adsorptive fluid-solid interaction force is developed in the mesoscopic multiphase lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) framework to model the macroscopic processes of capillarity and adsorption. The pressure tensors of capillary and film water derived based on mechanical equilibrium and the results of numerical simulations combine to show that the adsorptive suction is much higher than the capillary suction, not following the classical relationship. We attribute this inequality to the different adsorptive interaction potentials incorporated in the capillary and film water pressures, due to the fluid density profiles varying differently with the separation distance from solid surface, and, from the perspective of thermodynamic equilibrium, the deviation of film water and capillary water densities from free water density. The film thickness almost does not change for the given radii of meniscus curvature in simple geometries (i.e., slits and corners). The adsorption effects on the matric suction upscaled from the intrinsic phase average method and on the equivalent pore size distribution are investigated for both single-sized slits and complex pore networks. The findings reveal the influences of capillarity and adsorption on the shape of SWR curve, and help establish the SWR function with accurate physical meanings in the field of soil physics and hydrology and measure the disjoining pressure isotherm properly in colloid and interface chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of saturation on continuum-scale conductivity and tracer dispersion in heterogeneous porous media","authors":"Doron Kalisman,&nbsp;Brian Berkowitz","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the interplay among water saturation, hydraulic conductivity, and mechanical dispersion in heterogeneous porous media at the continuum scale. Mechanical dispersion of dissolved chemical tracers is influenced directly by water velocity variability, which is governed by the porous structure, the distribution of the water phase within it, and its corresponding conductivity field. Previous studies have either examined the relationships between these factors in fully saturated conditions, or in partial saturation but without considering continuum scale heterogeneity of the media. Through numerical simulations, the analysis here demonstrates how variations in saturation affect the hydraulic conductivity field and, consequently, mechanical dispersion. The study reveals that longitudinal spreading of the tracer plume, when scaled for varying transport times and velocities, shows a non-monotonic relationship with saturation, being least pronounced at an intermediate degree of saturation. These insights contribute to a more nuanced understanding of tracer transport in partially saturated, heterogeneous media, with implications for environmental and engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derivation of weakly hydrodynamic models in the Dupuit–Forchheimer regime","authors":"Martin Parisot","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study is dedicated to the formal derivation of a hierarchic of asymptotic models that approximate the groundwater waves problem within the Dupuit–Forchheimer regime, over a regular, non-planar substratum. The derivation methodology employed bears resemblance to the techniques utilized in hierarchic of asymptotic models for approximating the water waves problem in the shallow water regime. Mathematically speaking, the asymptotic models manifest as nonlinear, non-local diffusion equations. We identify an energy dissipation law inherent to these models, thereby bolstering the physical validity and confidence in the proposed framework. A numerical strategy is proposed that preserved at the discrete level the energy dissipation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104933"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}