Advances in Water Resources最新文献

{"title":"A two-dimensional non-hydrostatic numerical model for dispersive waves generated by submerged landslides","authors":"Dede Tarwidi ,&nbsp;Sri Redjeki Pudjaprasetya ,&nbsp;Didit Adytia","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a one-layer non-hydrostatic (NH-1L) model for simulating the generation of surface waves caused by the three-dimensional submerged landslide is developed. The non-hydrostatic model considered here is a depth-integrated version of the three-dimensional continuity and Euler equations, whereas time-varying bathymetry is accommodated in the kinematic equation along the bottom topography. The numerical scheme NH-1L is implemented on a two-dimensional staggered grid and is shown to have weakly dispersive properties. The validation of numerical results with analytical solutions and experimental data shows a satisfactory agreement. Moreover, the NH-1L model is investigated to predict wave run-up in confined bays. Considering its computational efficiency, the proposed NH-1L model provides a viable alternative for simulating wave generation, propagation, and run-up, particularly in cases with weak dispersion effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical and numerical investigation of experimental dam breaks in wet-bed channels due to partial sluice gate lifting","authors":"Giada Varra,&nbsp;Nathalia Napolano,&nbsp;Renata Della Morte,&nbsp;Luca Cozzolino","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dam failures may result in sudden and catastrophic floods, making the accurate prediction of dam-break wave dynamics crucial for effective flood risk management and disaster mitigation. Dam-breaks are complete if the dam is totally and suddenly removed, or partial if the breach is smaller than the dam. While the behaviour of dam-break waves following the complete structural failure has been extensively studied, research on partial dam break scenarios remains limited. A special partial dam break scenario, consisting of a breach opening at the dam bottom, can be modelled in laboratory experiments with the sudden partial lifting of a sluice gate. Until now, the mathematical and numerical modelling of this partial dam break has received only partial scrutiny, and it is still unclear if the solutions predicted by existing models are those effectively observed in real-world scenarios or laboratory experiments. This study addresses these gaps by confronting the results of the analytical and numerical models proposed by <span><span>Cozzolino et al. (2023)</span></span> with recent laboratory experimental data from the literature. The comparison reveals that the inviscid exact solution to the partial dam break problem can reliably predict the type, number, and height of the moving waves developed under both free and submerged flow conditions. The agreement with experimental data is enhanced when applying the numerical model by <span><span>Cozzolino et al. (2023)</span></span>, owing to the inclusion of dissipative effects through the frictional term. These results advocate extending the existing flow gate equations, usually found in steady flow conditions, to the case of strong transients. The findings further corroborate the application of the Shallow water Equations to the simulation of strong transients in open channels, even in the presence of flow-structure interactions such as those involving sluice gates, bridges, and flood control barrages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of sediment erosion and transport using consistent particle method","authors":"X.Q. Tang,&nbsp;Umberto Alibrandi,&nbsp;C.G. Koh","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an extension of the Consistent Particle Method (CPM) to simulate the erosion and transport of non-cohesive sediments by adopting an incipient motion approach and proposing new ways of modelling erosion. Sediment particles comprising water and sand grains are initially treated as fixed before erosion and transition to a fluid upon erosion and subsequent transport by water flow. The proposed erosion model permits erosion of sediment particles in all bed sublayers within a single time step, while eroded sediment particles can redeposit and become un-eroded again. For scenarios where numerical particle size is much larger than sand grain size (e.g., fine sand erosion), the erosion status of a sediment particle is determined by a criterion involving a net loss of half of the sand grains within the particle. This approach overcomes the large disparity between numerical and experimental erosion rates as reported in some studies of particle methods. In simulating the transportation of eroded sediment particles, CPM uses the physical properties of sediment without using artificial parameters such as artificial viscosity. The CPM results are validated through four examples involving coarse and fine sand grains, which are dam break on an erodible bed, sediment scour from a wall jet, scour behind a seawall, and continuous overflow-induced sediment flushing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovering head and flux distributions at the sediment-water interface for arbitrary, transient bedforms by inversion of photographic time series","authors":"Yoni Teitelbaum ,&nbsp;Shai Arnon ,&nbsp;Aaron Packman ,&nbsp;Scott K. Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider streambed head and flux distributions induced by hyporheic exchange flux through irregular and dynamic natural sand bedforms. It has not previously been feasible to study these in the laboratory owing to incompatibility between fixed-location pressure transducers and shifting sand bedforms. We address this problem, presenting a noninvasive technique for regularized inversion of photographic time series of dye front propagation in the hyporheic zone to recover head and flux distributions, compatible with arbitrarily-shaped, generally transient bedforms. We employ the technique to analyze three bench-scale flume experiments performed under different flow regimes, presenting a new data set of digitized bed profiles, corresponding head distributions, and dye fronts. To our knowledge, this is the first such data set collated for naturally-formed sand bedforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of time and spatial discretization on adjoint operators: Example of stationary and transient saturated flows","authors":"Antoine Collet ,&nbsp;Irina Sin ,&nbsp;Hervé Chauris ,&nbsp;Valérie Langlais ,&nbsp;Olivier Regnault","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares the continuous (<em>differentiate - then - discretize</em>) and discrete (<em>discretize - then - differentiate</em>) adjoint derivation approaches in the context of adjoint-based automatic optimization. The objective is to study some of the pitfalls associated with spatial and temporal discretization of the adjoint state method, the accuracy of the resulting gradient estimate, and its impact on the convergence cost to reach the optimum solution. It is illustrated in the context of a classical and well documented saturated flow problem. We first present insights of the complete formulations and discretizations of the saturated transient and stationary flow equations, the continuous adjoint equations and their counterparts the discrete adjoint equations for the finite volume method, showing it on the example of Voronoi type mesh. The reference gradient to check both derivation and implementation is computed by finite difference approximation. The consistency between the continuous and discrete adjoint methods is found to depend on the discretization scheme used to solve the forward problem. The time discretization scheme used in the forward problem is preserved in the adjoint equations, and affects both the adjoint terminal condition and the gradient expressions. This is not apparent in the continuous approach. Reproductible numerical applications are provided through the PyRTID python code. The use of a variable time step affects the time derivative of the adjoint equations, and also impacts the analytical expression of the gradient with respect to the initial hydraulic head (initial state). The discretization of the adjoint sources is also critical when simulated values are interpolated both spatially and temporally to match observations. The derivations become more complex when observation errors are correlated and when the observation sampler is non-linear. Numerical experiments show that the use of an incorrect adjoint formulation can lead to incorrect gradients with shifts in both amplitude and localization. Investigation of agreement with the finite difference approximation shows that, if implemented correctly, the residuals between the adjoint state method and the finite difference gradients must be white noise following a zero-centered Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation several orders of magnitude smaller than the gradient values. Mesh refinement has no effect on the gradient accuracy. The main conclusion is that the <em>discretize-then-differentiate</em> approach is constrained on the discretized space contrary to the <em>differentiate-then-discretize</em> as the former integrates the discretization of the forward problem. The <em>discretize-then-differentiate</em> approach makes the derivation more explicit, particularly with respect to boundary conditions, and it is therefore advised regardless of the problem at hand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid Deep Forest surrogate model and Rime optimization algorithm (RIME) framework for groundwater contamination source identification (GCSI)","authors":"Yuanbo Ge ,&nbsp;Jun Dong ,&nbsp;Weihong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When groundwater pollution occurs in operating-enterprises, it is often difficult to determine the source of pollution in a timely manner. In addition, the complex migration and transformation of pollutants in groundwater, coupled with the potential sparsity and noise of monitoring data, result in highly nonlinear characteristics of monitoring data, which reduces the accuracy of source identification. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of GCSI, we propose an integrated framework that combines Deep Forest surrogate model with the RIME, creating a high-accuracy, low-cost simulation-optimization system for precise GCSI in operating-enterprises. We establishes a high-precision groundwater numerical simulation model using practical case data, which was then used to generate the dataset required for GCSI. The objective of this work is to establish a framework, including Deep Forest surrogate model and RIME, and evaluate the efficiency and accuracy through comparing with Backpropagation Neural Networks (BPNN), Bidirectional Long Short-term neural networks (BiLSTM), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The results indicate that the accuracy of the Deep Forest is slightly higher than that of BiLSTM, with RMSE value of 70.4469, MAE value of 37.1714, and R² value of 0.9793. BPNN requires the least amount of time, at 17.4103 s, but has the worst accuracy. It is worth noting that compared to BiLSTM, Deep Forest reduces computation time by 9.8 %. When inputting Deep Forest identified contamination source results into the groundwater numerical model, the relative error between simulated and observed contaminant concentrations is ≤15 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of heterogeneous mixed-wettability evolution on different phases CO2 displacement and storage efficiency mechanisms: Based on pore structure characterization","authors":"Peizhai Cheng ,&nbsp;Pingchuan Dong ,&nbsp;Bingtao Yang ,&nbsp;Youheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongyang Ma ,&nbsp;Junchang Mu ,&nbsp;Zhenshuo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interplay between complex pore structures and wettability significantly influences CO₂ storage behavior in underground reservoirs. To address the heterogeneity induced by their coupling, a pore-structure-based quantitative characterization method for complex-mixed wettability was proposed. A two-dimensional heterogeneous wettability model was constructed using in-situ microscopic imaging of sandstone core cast thin sections and employed to simulate multiphase CO₂ displacement. Results indicate that, under single wettability, Sc-CO₂ (Supercritical Carbon Dioxide) displays enhanced storage efficiency in strongly wetting pore walls, but gaseous CO₂ is more effective in weakly wetting systems. During the late stage of gaseous CO₂ injection, a transition from non-wetting to wetting behavior was observed. At contact angles of 30° and 60°, capillary imbibition caused partial reabsorption of previously displaced water, producing a peak in the storage efficiency curve—most evident at 30° and absent at 90° Under mixed-wettability, the spatial distribution of contact angles notably altered the multiphase flow behavior. A dual driving mechanism of capillary force and displacement pressure enhanced Sc-CO₂ storage efficiency by 2.70 % and 7.40 %, respectively, relative to gaseous CO₂. Six pore-wall configurations with varying contact angle distributions were designed to represent mixed-wettability states. Comparative analysis revealed that as the proportion of weakly wetting walls increased, Sc-CO₂ efficiency declined, whereas that of gaseous CO₂ improved. Both Sc-CO₂ and gaseous CO₂ exhibited reduced storage efficiency under complex mixed-wettability compared to single or mixed conditions. These findings highlight that neglecting mixed-wettability heterogeneity may result in overestimation of CO₂ storage performance and must be meticulously considered in prediction modeling and field-scale assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105097"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of deep learning-based simulation for geological CO2 sequestration","authors":"Zeeshan Tariq ,&nbsp;Qirun Fu ,&nbsp;Moataz O. Abu-Al-Saud ,&nbsp;Xupeng He ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Manea ,&nbsp;Thomas Finkbeiner ,&nbsp;Hussein Hoteit ,&nbsp;Bicheng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105096","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Monitoring CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; plume migration and pressure buildup is critical for ensuring the safe and long-term containment of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in geological formations during Geological CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Sequestration (GCS) processes. While reservoir simulators can consider full physics and predict high-fidelity flow dynamics in GCS, they often require much domain expertise to develop and high computational cost to predict. To alleviate these challenges, deep learning-based data-driven models have achieved significant progress in dynamics simulation in recent years, since they can achieve acceptable accuracy provided, they are trained on sufficient available simulation or field datasets. Unfortunately, the literature does not offer comprehensive benchmark solutions of different deep learning models, for complex GCS simulation cases. To bridge this necessary technical gap, we compare for a realistic but hypothetical storage reservoir the results from a well-accepted, robust commercial reservoir simulator with multiple deep neural network (DNN) models. The purpose is to simulate spatiotemporal patterns of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; plume migration and related pressure dynamics and further extend this to include dynamic geochemical reactions between fluid and minerals. Specifically, we evaluate seven DNN models including Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), UNet Enhanced Fourier Neural Operator (U-FNO), ResNet based Fourier Neural Operator (RU-FNO), UNet, ResNet, Attention UNet, and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We first build a basic 2D radial reservoir model to simulate both CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; injection and post-injection periods into a deep saline aquifer with proper boundary conditions. We further use the results to create a comprehensive simulation database with 2,000 cases, which cover a wide range of reservoirs and well parameters based on Latin Hypercube sampling approach. Among the seven models, the RUFNO model demonstrates robust performance, achieving an R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; score of 0.991 for saturation prediction and an R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; of 0.989 for pressure buildup prediction based on the blind testing dataset. The superior performance of RUFNO can be attributed to its combination of UNet-like architecture with the frequency-domain capabilities of Fourier Neural Operators that enhance their capability to predict complex reservoir behaviors. Given this superior performance, we further use RUFNO for geochemical reaction predictions, achieving R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; scores from 0.885 to 0.997 for different minerals. Further, in terms of computational efficiency, DNN models on average take 0.02 seconds/simulation run. This offers a speedup by orders of magnitude when compared to conventional reservoir simulation (these take on average 45 to 60 min/run). Therefore, DL models can deliver accurate and efficient predictions of both flow and geochemical dynamics in GCS and thus serve as a solid tool for GCS reservoir management for key parties in industry and government","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNS simulations of inertial flow phenomena in 3D intersecting rough fractures: Impact of roughness and intersection angle on non-linear flow regimes","authors":"Ghoulem Ifrene ,&nbsp;Kuldeep Singh ,&nbsp;Richard A. Schultz ,&nbsp;Prasad Pothana ,&nbsp;Neal Nagel ,&nbsp;Sven Egenhoff","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding fluid flow within fractured rock masses is critical for a wide range of applications, including groundwater modeling, geothermal energy extraction, mine water management, and resource recovery from fractured reservoirs. While flow in single fractures has been extensively studied, the complex interactions introduced by intersecting fractures with varying roughness and aperture significantly influence inertial flow behavior and transport dynamics.</div><div>This study applies three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) using scanned rock fracture surfaces to quantify how roughness, aperture, and intersection angle affect non-Darcy flow regimes. Fluid flow through X-shaped, rough-walled fracture intersections was simulated over a range of flow rates (0–200 mL/s) revealing that the transition to inertial flow occurred at Reynolds numbers between 10 and 100, depending on geometry. The results show that fracture roughness is the primary driver of non-linear flow behavior, lowering the critical hydraulic gradient by up to 60 % and increasing the Forchheimer coefficient <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> by up to an order of magnitude.</div><div>Non-linear flow behavior was characterized using the Forchheimer and Izbash equations, with the Izbash exponent <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> ranging from 1.2 to 1.8, depending on roughness and angle. The inertial coefficients (<span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span>) increase with roughness and intersection angle, reflecting enhanced inertial resistance. Empirical power-law relationships were derived to predict these coefficients such as <span><math><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>∝</mo><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>.</div><div>These findings provide new insights into fluid dynamics in complex fracture networks and offer predictive tools for permeability modeling in subsurface systems. The results are relevant to geothermal reservoir engineering, mine dewatering, carbon storage, and other fluid-driven subsurface technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105093"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of initial-time spontaneous imbibition of water coupled with fractal tortuosity and water loss in unsaturated low-permeability sandstone fractures","authors":"Yixin Zhao ,&nbsp;Hua Shen ,&nbsp;Jinbao Guo ,&nbsp;Hua Bian ,&nbsp;Chuanlong Dong ,&nbsp;Liangchen Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongrui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the spontaneous imbibition behavior of water in unsaturated low-permeability sandstone fractures is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of fluid migration in porous media. Previous studies on water imbibition in fractures have rarely considered both the fractal tortuosity and the transfer of water from the fractures to the matrix in a systematic manner. A dynamic model is developed based on fractal theory to account for the fractal tortuosity and water loss. To validate the reliability of the new model, experimental data obtained via neutron radiography are utilized to evaluate the spontaneous imbibition process in an unsaturated fractured sandstone. Finally, we analyzed the effects of the experimentally measured tortuosity fractal dimension <em>D_Tf</em> and water loss on the imbibition height. The results show that the wetting front migration in a single rough-walled fracture deviates from classical imbibition behavior, with the imbibition height exhibiting a power-law relationship with time. Compared with the prediction results of existing models, the imbibition height varying with time predicted by the new model is consistently closer to the observed values. Moreover, the imbibition height of water in rough fractures decreases as the fractal dimension of fracture tortuosity increases. The new model demonstrates a deviation of less than 1% in predicting the imbibition height within rough-walled fractures in low-permeability sandstone when compared to the scenario without considering water loss. This suggests that the transfer of water from fractures into the surrounding matrix exerts a relatively limited influence on the imbibition height within low-permeability sandstone formations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}