Aesthetic Plastic Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Tarantula Cubensis Venom Theranekron-Embedded Hyaluronic Acid and Chitosan-Based Wound Dress Enhances Wound Healing by Ameliorating Histopathological Appearance and Enhancing Growth Factors in Low Doses: In Vitro and In Vivo Study.","authors":"Rumeysa Taner, Halil Asci, Sule Sultan Ugur, Mehtap Savran, Muhammet Yusuf Tepebasi, Ozlem Ozmen","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05268-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05268-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to produce wound dressing materials using the multilayer coating method(LbL) with varying doses of theranekron®(T) incorporated into hyaluronic acid (HA)/chitosan(Ch) multilayer films, demonstrating their proliferative effect through in vivo wound model experiments.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In vitro wound dressings were created by dipping 2 × 2 cm cotton fabrics into T solutions via the LbL method. Four circular wounds (1.5 cm diameter) were made on the dorsal area of 16 rats. Eight groups (control, HA-Ch, T₁₀, T₂₀, T₅₀, T₁₀₀, T₂₀₀, and T₅₀₀) used wound dressings impregnated with six doses of T µg. Dressing changes occurred every other day for 7 days, with rats killed on the 8th day. Skin samples underwent histopathological and histochemical examination, and growth factor expression levels were analyzed via qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SEM-EDS analysis of treated cotton fabric indicated compositions of 44.79% carbon, 48.56% oxygen, 6.19% nitrogen, and 0.46% calcium. Ch particles were evenly distributed on HA-Ch-coated fibers; however, crystalline structures diminished with increasing doses. Wound healing rates significantly increased in the T₂₀ and T₅₀ groups, showing reductions of 41.32% and 44.59% from day 1 to day 7. Masson trichrome staining revealed the most pronounced collagen formation in the T₁₀ group, with increased collagen also in T₂₀ and T₅₀ groups. Growth factor expression levels were notably higher in the T₁₀, T₂₀, and T₅₀ groups. In Picro Sirius Red-stained sections, enhanced collagen maturation was observed in T₁₀, T₂₀, and T₅₀ groups, while higher doses led to irregular and immature collagen deposition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study confirmed the in vivo and in vitro efficacy of the T + HA + Ch wound dressing material, identifying the optimal wound healing dose of T as 10-50 µg based on histopathological and genetic analyses.</p><p><strong>No level assigned: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superselective Internal Pudendal Artery Thrombolytic Therapy Combined With Concentrated Growth Factor for Hyaluronic Acid Embolization After Vulvovaginal Rejuvenation: A Case Report and Review of Literature.","authors":"Pianpian Lin, Guiwen Zhou, Guangdi Li, Qian Wu, Peixuan Zhang, Ruiqi Bai, Hongfan Ding, Qiang Fu, Xiao Xu, Minliang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05184-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05184-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vulvovaginal rejuvenation procedures are increasingly popular. Hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection, a significant representative of non-surgical method, can cause a rare but serious complication: vascular embolism. Mild cases may present as skin necrosis and ulceration, while severe cases can be life-threatening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The possible complications caused by vulvovaginal injection of hyaluronic acid were systematically reviewed. A 47-year-old Asian woman underwent a vulvovaginal rejuvenation procedure with HA fillers for labia majora, labia minora, and vaginal rejuvenation. She experienced a vascular occlusion event characterized by severe pain and necrotic skin ulceration. 7 days after the HA injection, she received superselective intra-arterial thrombolysis. Necrotic wounds were treated with CGF via topical application and local injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three cases of vascular complications have been reported previously. This paper describes the fourth. After immediate intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy (IATT), angiography showed improved blood supply in the right internal pudendal artery. The patient's severe pain was relieved, and the necrosis was under control. The patient achieved complete wound healing within 5 days following CGF treatment and was subsequently discharged from the hospital.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serious vascular embolic events can be caused by hyaluronic acid injection for vulvovaginal rejuvenation, which can be treated with superselective IATT. For wound repair resulting from compromised skin perfusion caused by HA injection, CGF therapy offers a viable alternative.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sphenopalatine Ganglion Nerve Block on Bleeding and Pain During and After Septorhinoplasty: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Do Hyun Kim, David W Jang, Se Hwan Hwang","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05279-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05279-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Administration of a sphenopalatine ganglion block using a local anesthetic has been proposed as a method to reduce bleeding and pain associated with septorhinoplasty, but definitive evidence to support this practice is lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant studies were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, Embase, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Five studies were included in the meta-analysis. In all of them, the outcomes of patients receiving perioperative SPGB (treatment group) were compared with those of patients receiving either a placebo or no intervention (control group). The primary outcomes in the present study were pain and bleeding, with quantitative data synthesized using standardized mean differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in the SPGB group had significantly less intraoperative pain, as evidenced by less remifentanil consumption, and required fewer postoperative analgesics than the control group. Postoperative pain scores were consistently lower in the SPGB group for up to 24 h. Mean arterial pressure during surgery was also better controlled in the treatment group. The quality of the surgical field was improved, as indicated by reduced bleeding and higher surgeon satisfaction. However, no differences emerged between groups in terms of operative time or lower or upper eyelid ecchymosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this meta-analysis support the use of SPGB with local anesthesia in septorhinoplasty to significantly reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications, particularly in terms of managing pain and bleeding.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 20-Year Experience with Round Smooth Saline Breast Implant Explantation: Reasons, Trends, and Management.","authors":"Ted S Eisenberg, Julianne Pilla, George Chapa","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05242-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05242-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent literature has identified a rising trend in breast implant explantation, frequently attributed to concerns about implant safety and long-term health risks. The purpose of this study is to analyze patient-reported reasons for explantation and to share the senior author's experience with implant removal and postoperative management over a 20 year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted of 4909 patients who underwent primary cosmetic breast augmentation between 2005 and 2024. Of these, 77 patients elected to undergo explantation. All explanted patients had round, smooth Mentor saline implants. Only four patients had their original augmentation performed by another surgeon. Post-explantation management included placement of two 6-inch compression bandages for one to three weeks, followed by aesthetic reassessment at an average of two months. Patient demographics-including age, height, weight, pregnancy history, implant size, tobacco use, and pertinent medical history-were recorded. Time from implantation to explantation and patient-reported reasons were also documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 77 patients underwent bilateral explantation, representing 1.57% of the 4909 augmentations performed by the senior author. The average duration from implantation to explantation was 12 years, and the average patient age at explantation was 43 years. The average implant volume was 413 cc. Between 2016 and 2024, there was a 382.9% increase in explantation procedures, consistent with global trends. The most common reason for explantation was weight gain and the perception of breasts being too large (n = 27, 35.06%), followed by implant deflation (n = 24, 31.17%). One patient underwent implant replacement with a smaller volume at 9 months, another opted for larger implants 5 years later, and one patient underwent mastopexy 3 months after explantation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the trend in breast implant explantation continues to rise, the findings in this study contrast with current literature citing implant safety concerns as the primary motivator. In this cohort, the most common reasons for removal were significant weight gain resulting in dissatisfaction with breast size, implant deflation, and a history of multiple prior cosmetic breast surgeries. Postoperative management with simple explantation and compression bandaging yielded satisfactory aesthetic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors  www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Role of Septal Extension Grafts in Enhancing Nasal Tip Projection and Support: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Abdulaziz Saud AlEnazi, Noura Farhan Alanazi, Abdullah BinGhaith, Ibrahim Nasser Al Sulaiman, Abdulmjeed Alnosair","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05231-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05231-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Septal extension grafts (SEGs) play a critical role in rhinoplasty by enhancing nasal tip projection, stability, and rotation. Despite their widespread use, no comprehensive systematic review has evaluated their overall effectiveness and associated complications. This study aims to assess the effect of SEGs on nasal tip stability, rotation, and projection in patients undergoing rhinoplasty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of search databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, OpenAIRE, Scopus, and Springer Nature Journals was searched for studies reporting preoperative and postoperative nasal tip measurements. Inclusion criteria included studies with quantitative data on tip rotation and projection, tip stability, and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies (n = 584 patients) were included. Meta-analysis showed a significant increase in postoperative nasal tip rotation (SMCR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.15, p = 0.0002) and projection (SMCR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.47, p < 0.001%). The overall complication rate was low 5% (95% CI 1% to 23%). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SEGs significantly enhance nasal tip rotation, projection, and stability with a low complication rate. These findings support the use of SEGs as an effective rhinoplasty technique. However, further prospective studies with standardized outcome measures are required to optimize surgical approaches.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the Comments on \"Analysis of Physiological Oxygen Concentrations in Different Abdominal Fat Layers by Body Mass Index\".","authors":"Qiang Yue, Liqiang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05113-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05113-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Surgical Techniques for Gynecomastia: Enhancing Patient Aesthetic Satisfaction.","authors":"Mohammadhossein Hesamirostami, Seyed Mohammad Hadi Bagheri Rostami, Parna Hosseini, Golvash Tavakolian, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Mohammad Javad Najafi","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05224-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05224-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gynecomastia, a non-cancerous enlargement of breast tissue in males, can significantly impact self-esteem and social interactions. While many cases resolve without intervention, some require surgical treatment due to cosmetic concerns or persistent discomfort. This study presents a novel surgical modification for managing gynecomastia grade IIb.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective case series, conducted from July 2020 to July 2024 at two tertiary hospitals, included participants aged 18-70 years with grade IIb gynecomastia. Excluding smokers and those lost to follow-up, the study assessed physical appearance, mental satisfaction, and complications up to 6 months post-surgery. The innovative technique involved an oval eccentric excision with an inferior pedicle to facilitate the upward and medial repositioning of the nipple-areola complex (NAC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three participants (mean age 26.6 years, SD = 7.6) underwent the modified surgical technique. All changes in measurements were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the degree of correction, surgical scars, and nipple-areola distance and shape, with no dissatisfied or very dissatisfied opinions recorded. No complications were noted, including infection, nipple necrosis, hypertrophic scars, and hematoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel surgical modification for grade IIb gynecomastia offers a promising approach to achieving superior aesthetic results and patient satisfaction. The technique effectively corrects asymmetry and enhances the overall aesthetic outcome. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and refine the technique.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Composite Labia Minora and Clitoral Hood Reduction: An Optional Surgical Method.","authors":"Linxia Duan, Zhi Li, Huihua Zhang, Baolin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05273-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05273-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rib Remodeling Without Rib Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Andre Milani-Reis, Maria Meritxell Roca Mora, Pedro Bicudo Bregion, Luiz Fábio Silva Ribeiro, Pedro Henrique Meis, Iqbal Farhan Sayudo, Leonardo Kreutz-Rodrigues, Cesar Milani-Reis, Samyd S Bustos, Raúl Martín Manzaneda Cipriani, Mauricio Viaro, Lucas Kreutz-Rodrigues","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05240-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05240-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Interest in body contouring has led to developing techniques for waistline reduction. Rib remodeling is one such method. Traditional rib resection is invasive, limiting its cosmetic use. This review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel rib remodeling technique that avoids rib removal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Embase was performed up to August 2024. Outcomes included patient satisfaction, waistline reduction, pneumothorax, hemothorax, infection, skin burns, and asymmetry. The Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine Transformation was used for data analysis, and statistical evaluations were conducted using R version 4.1.2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four studies with 318 patients were included, predominantly women (98.1%), with an average age of 32.7 years and BMI of 22.4 kg/m². The pooled analysis showed a satisfaction rate of 94.89 per 100 (95% CI 94.89-99.15); a significant reduction in waistline from preoperative to 3 months postoperative (MD - 8.59 cm; 95% CI - 10.27 to - 6.92; p < 0.01); pneumothorax and hemothorax rates were 0.00 per 100 (95% CI 0.00-0.66); infection prevalence was 0.00 per 100 (95% CI 0.00-1.18); skin burns prevalence was 0.57 per 100 (95% CI 0.00-3.91); and asymmetry prevalence was 1.85 per 100 (95% CI 0.25-4.41).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rib remodeling without resection effectively reduces the waistline, achieving high patient satisfaction and minimal serious complications.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence ii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Biodegradability and Biocompatibility of Agarose Gel and Hyaluronic Acid Filler.","authors":"Fangzhou Xie, Jiaqi Qin, Jian Sun, Qingfeng Li, Yun Xie","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05239-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05239-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical success of soft tissue fillers hinges on their biodegradability and biocompatibility. While agarose gel, a clinically available filler, shows versatility across injection sites, its degradation behavior and tissue effects remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the biodegradability and biocompatibility of agarose gel and hyaluronic acid fillers using a rat model.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Agarose gel and hyaluronic acid were subcutaneously injected into Sprague-Dawley rats' dorsal regions. MRI scans at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months assessed filler volume and distribution. SEM examined morphology, in vitro tests measured water absorption, and histology at 12 months included HE staining and immunohistochemistry for collagen and macrophage markers.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Hyaluronic acid exhibited higher water absorption than agarose gel (p < 0.05). MRI revealed greater initial volume retention for hyaluronic acid (0.762 ml vs. 0.283 ml, p = 0.025), while agarose gel demonstrated a slower biodegradation rate during the first three months (86.24% vs. 61.88%, p = 0.004) and greater early-phase dispersion (109.89% vs. 65.24%, p = 0.020). At 12 months, no significant difference in final volume retention was observed. Both fillers showed good biocompatibility, with no signs of fibrosis or inflammation after one year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings from an animal study suggest agarose gel's potential as a safe and effective alternative for soft tissue augmentation.</p><p><strong>No level assigned: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}