Aesthetic Plastic Surgery最新文献

{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness and Safety of Combining Biostimulators with Botulinum Toxin, Dermal Fillers, and Energy-Based Devices.","authors":"Elias Tam, Jane Pang Suan Choo, Parinitha Rao, William Richard Webb, Jean D A Carruthers, Eqram Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s00266-024-04627-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04627-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aesthetic medicine has evolved towards minimally invasive procedures, with biostimulators like Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA), Calcium Hydroxylapatite (CaHA), and Polycaprolactone (PCL) gaining attention for their role in collagen induction, improving skin texture, elasticity, and volume. Combining these agents with other treatments-such as botulinum toxin, dermal fillers, and energy-based devices (e.g. laser and radiofrequency therapies)-is hypothesised to provide enhanced aesthetic outcomes. However, studies on the efficacy and safety of these combinations remain sparse and methodologically varied, posing challenges in establishing definitive recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, involving a thorough literature search across PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The search included terms related to biostimulators and combination treatments. Studies meeting inclusion criteria reported clinical outcomes of combined biostimulator treatments, including effectiveness, safety, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects. Key parameters extracted included treatment area, combination protocols, and outcomes. Data synthesis used a narrative approach due to variability in methodologies, treatment protocols, and outcome metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1,237 studies initially identified, 29 met the inclusion criteria. These studies included various combinations of biostimulators with botulinum toxin, dermal fillers, and energy-based devices, with sample sizes ranging from 10 to 350 subjects. Treatments combining CaHA or PLLA with energy-based modalities like high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), fractional lasers, and microneedling demonstrated notable improvements in skin texture, elasticity, and contouring, particularly in areas with ageing signs. Adverse events included erythema, bruising, and nodules in 15-30% of cases, with rare but severe complications such as granulomas and vascular occlusions. Management protocols for these events involved corticosteroids, hyaluronidase, or surgical intervention. The review also found a lack of molecular understanding of the synergistic mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review underscores the potential benefits of combined treatments in aesthetic outcomes, though limitations like heterogeneous methodologies, small sample sizes, and inconsistent protocols impact the reliability of findings. Current literature lacks a molecular understanding of the mechanisms underlying these combinations, limiting insights into the longevity and safety of results. Future studies with standardised protocols, objective outcome measures, and detailed molecular analyses are essential for developing evidence-based recommendations for combining biostimulators with other treatments in aesthetic practice.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of ev","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefit of the Omental Flap in Breast Reconstruction for Oncoplastic Treatment: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Liehao Yang, Chen Tao, Yan Yan, Lingfeng Pan, Caihong Li, Xiaoyu Jin, Jiao Kong, Zhuoxia Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00266-024-04638-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04638-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oncoplastic surgery for breast cancer patients poses the challenge of achieving optimal aesthetic outcomes without increasing the risk of complications. Omental flap has emerged as n reconstructive option in breast surgery, yet the efficacy and safety of large omental flaps remain uncertain. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and cosmetic outcomes of large omental flap breast reconstruction, providing updated evidence for clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases until August 2023. Studies were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of each study was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed using R version 4.2.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 22 studies with 1031 patients were reviewed and analyzed. Meta-analysis results showed that hematoma and seroma rate were 4.1% (95%CI 0.8-8.8, P < 0.01). The pooled cosmetic outcomes demonstrated excellent rate 56.7% (95%CI 46.4-69.3, P < 0.01), good rate 7.9% (95%CI 3.9-11.9, P < 0.01), fair rate 28.7% (95%CI 19.9-37.5, P < 0.01). The pooled blood loss was 110.74 ml (95%CI: 72.33-149.14, P = 0), hospital stays was 7.27 (95%CI 5.65-8.89, P < 0.01), the time of omental flap harvest was 65.63 min (95%CI 59.95-71.32, P < 0.01), the time for surgery was 240.87 min (95%CI 5.65- 8.89, P = 0).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis indicates that the omental flap in breast reconstruction is safe and effective with good cosmetic outcomes and a low incidence of complications. The study highlights the benefits of comprehensive assessment, warranting further investigation through high-quality studies and long-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proportional Ear Reduction: The Rule of Threes.","authors":"Ahmet Seyhan","doi":"10.1007/s00266-024-04611-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04611-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human ear growth continues beyond puberty, resulting in ears that are typically approximately 10 millimeters (mm) larger in older individuals compared to their younger counterparts. Not only is the overall growth of the ear an indicator of age, but also the disproportionate growth of its parts. The largest part, the concha, shows the slowest growth rate, while the smallest part, the earlobe, shows the greatest growth rate. Thus, over time, the net increases in the scapha, concha, and earlobe become nearly equal. Therefore, it is appropriate to make approximately equal reductions from each unit in order to restore a youthful balance to the ear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Aged and large, but otherwise normal, ears were selected for use of the \"rule of threes\" technique. This technique involves reducing the height of each of the three units (scapha, concha, and earlobe) by approximately 3 mm. Depending on individual needs, reductions were also applied to two units or just one unit as necessary. Adjustments in reduction amounts were made for previously disproportionate ears.</p><p><strong>Patients and results: </strong>A total of 32 ears from 16 patients were included in the study. Scapha reduction was performed on six patients, scapha and concha reduction on five patients, combined (including earlobe) reduction on two patients, and isolated earlobe reduction on three patients. All patients were followed up for at least 6 months. The planned reduction target was achieved in all cases, resulting in balanced youthful ears. Two skin sloughs in the earlobe, one requiring revision, and bilateral hypertrophic scarring behind the earlobe were observed in one case.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The described ear reduction technique yields satisfactory results when performed with precision. Each ear should be assessed individually, allowing for some flexibility rather than strict adherence to the proposed amounts of reduction. Care must be taken not to disrupt the blood supply to the ear structures. Achieving harmony at junction lines requires careful planning and meticulous technique.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genu Varum Correction with HA Filler Volumisation of the Medial Gastrocnemius.","authors":"Jae Hun Hur, Jovian Wan, Song Eun Yoon, Daniella Spinato, Bianca Viscomi, Mariana Muniz, Kyu-Ho Yi","doi":"10.1007/s00266-024-04598-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04598-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genu varum, or bow-legged deformity, involves an outward curvature of the lower limbs, often creating a visible gap between the knees when the ankles are together. Traditionally treated with invasive surgical methods like high tibial osteotomy, genu varum correction now includes less invasive options for patients with mild to moderate deformities. This commentary explores a novel approach using hyaluronic acid (HA) filler to volumise the medial gastrocnemius muscle, thereby improving calf contour and stability without surgery. HA filler injections support the retaining ligaments of the medial gastrocnemius, creating a balanced aesthetic while potentially rebalancing knee and ankle forces for enhanced stability. Two cases are presented: a 30-year-old female with moderate genu varum and a 26-year-old female with mild genu varum, both showing improved calf symmetry, reduced bow-legged appearance, and enhanced postural confidence post-treatment. Although not a replacement for surgical correction in severe cases, HA filler volumisation offers a promising option for aesthetic and functional improvement in mild to moderate genu varum cases. Further research may support the biomechanical benefits of this technique in non-surgical genu varum correction, highlighting the expanding role of fillers in lower limb aesthetics and stability.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Versatility of DiagonGel 4Two Implants in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery.","authors":"Giuseppe Visconti, Mario Mendanha","doi":"10.1007/s00266-024-04631-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04631-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast augmentation and breast reconstruction with implants are among the most performed surgery worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the search for an ideal implant in terms of safety, shape and consistency, the authors report their experience with a subtype of breast implant, the DiagonGel 4Two implants, in both cosmetic and reconstructive cases by analyzing their experience on 116 consecutive patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and sixteen consecutive patients undergoing both aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery using DiagonGel 4Two Implants between January 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The analysis was performed dividing the patients in aesthetic and reconstructive cohort. Early and late complications, cosmetic outcome analysis and patients' satisfaction were registered for both cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On a total of 116 patients, 99 were cosmetic patients and 17 reconstructive cases. The follow-up time was 18 to 24 months. No major early and late complications were experienced. The outcomes were graded as very good to excellent in over 80% for the cosmetic cohort and in 72% of the reconstructive cohort. Patients' satisfaction was high to very high.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DiagonGel Implants is a subtype of anatomical silicone-gel filled implant with peculiar dual gel construct, unique three-dimensional configuration and available with micropolyurethane shell. In our experience, this implant resulted safe, with very low complication rate and very versatile for both primary and secondary cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chaos in China's Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Industry Urgently Needs to be Addressed.","authors":"Wuhua Wang, Xiaojuan Zhao, Xiongfeng Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00266-024-04623-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04623-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Concepts in Circumareolar Mastopexy: The \"Star Interlocking Suture\"-A Case Series.","authors":"Annachiara Cavaliere, Giuseppe Pezone, Francesco D'Andrea, Fabrizio Schonauer","doi":"10.1007/s00266-024-04519-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04519-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The circumareolar approach is one of the most popular and versatile in breast surgeries. Nevertheless, this approach usually implies a closure under tension which could lead to areolar distortion, scar widening and hypertrophic scarring. To prevent these complications, different surgical adjustments to this technique have been proposed, such as the Hammond's \"Interlocking Gore-Tex suture.\" Here, we propose a modification of the Hammond interlocking suture, the \"Star Interlocking Suture.\" Between 2019 and 2023, the \"Star Interlocking Suture\" was used in 19 patients undergoing breast surgery with circumareolar approach. 3-0 Ethibond suture (Ethibond Excel; Ethicon, US LLC) was used for suturing. All 19 patients showed good results in terms of areolar scar appearance and diameter stability during a mean follow-up period of 12 months. No infections, skin fistulas or suture extrusion were observed. All patients were satisfied with the appearance of their areola and the suture material, green colored, was not visible. Only one patient did report palpability of the suture's knot.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Aesthetics in Bilateral DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction: the Role of Tissue Pre-Expansion.","authors":"Robert Jonathan Musmann, Christoph Andree, Andreas Wolter, Mazen Hagouan, Beatrix Munder, Dirk Janku, Marc Daniels, Kristin Becker, Alan Oramary, Julia Bukowiecki, Annabelle Bromba, Nora Stockhausen, Katrin Seidenstücker, Sonia Fertsch","doi":"10.1007/s00266-024-04610-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04610-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Achieving symmetrical outcomes in bilateral autologous breast reconstruction is challenging, particularly in cases of asymmetrical recipient sites. Tissue pre-expansion is proposed to improve aesthetics by enlarging the skin envelope for refined breast shaping. This study examines its efficacy in bilateral DIEP flap reconstructions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study systematically evaluated 43 patients that underwent bilateral DIEP flap breast reconstruction between 2004 and 2021. The efficacy of tissue pre-expansion in enhancing aesthetic outcomes, patient demographics, and complications were analysed. Aesthetic outcomes were measured using the aesthetic item score (AIS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients had an average age of 48.67 years (range: 29-79) and BMI of 27.08 (range: 23-36). Of these, 65.12% had undergone radiotherapy and 83.72% chemotherapy before reconstruction. Patients predominantly received secondary breast reconstruction (72.02%). Pre-expansion significantly improved breast symmetry and the overall aesthetic result (OAR) in cases of asymmetrical recipient-site conditions (3.76 vs. 3.16, p = 0.006 and 7.08 vs. 6.27, p = 0.03, respectively). There was a non-significant trend towards better breast form and volume, with no effect on scarring. For patients with symmetrical recipient-site conditions, pre-expansion did not significantly impact the aesthetic outcome. No significant differences in complication rates were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tissue pre-expansion significantly enhances aesthetic outcomes of bilateral autologous breast reconstruction, notably breast symmetry and OAR, in patients with asymmetrical recipient-site conditions. However, careful patient selection and preoperative planning are essential for leveraging pre-expansion's benefits, emphasizing the importance of informed decision-making and expectation management. This publication/study investigates the efficacy of tissue pre-expansion in enhancing aesthetic outcomes for bilateral DIEP flap breast reconstructions. Detailed analysis of 43 patients that received bilateral DIEP reconstruction with and without pre-expansion. Finds significant improvements in breast symmetry and overall aesthetic rating (OAR) for patients with asymmetrical recipient-site conditions.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Response to \"Global Landscape of Nasolabial Folds Research: Hotspots, Gaps, and Future Directions\".","authors":"Man-Yun Li, Chiehfeng Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00266-024-04582-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04582-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold-Induced Browning: A Novel Method to Improve the Retention Rate of Fat Graft.","authors":"Mengmeng Hou, Jiezhang Tang, Han Peng, Baoyan Liang, Yi Cheng, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Chenggang Yi, Huichen Li","doi":"10.1007/s00266-024-04620-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04620-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autologous fat grafting is frequently used to heal soft-tissue defects. The key restriction that must be addressed is the poor transplant retention rate. Growing evidence has demonstrated that the browning of white adipose tissue enhances the survival of fat grafts. We hypothesized that cold-induced browning before transplantation may be a novel method to improve fat graft survival.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Mice were kept in the 4 °C environment for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks separately to detect whether different times of cold exposure could induce different numbers of beige adipocytes. Then, inguinal fat (roughly 150 mg) was collected and transferred. After post-graft weeks 4 and 12, the grafts were collected. The graft retention rate, histological morphology, vascularization, and browning were all assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mice inguinal fat showed enhanced beige adipose regeneration as the cold exposure (4 °C) time increased. Cold-induced browning resulted in greater retention, reduced fibrosis and necrosis, and improved angiogenesis at post-graft weeks 4 and 12. Simultaneously, few beige adipocytes were seen in grafts at post-graft weeks 4 and 12.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cold-induced browning showed increased retention by promoting angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. Cold exposure of subcutaneous fat before transplantation may be a novel method to improve fat graft retention rate and retention quality.</p><p><strong>No level assigned: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}