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[Role of external respiration in the formation of the autonomic component in motion sickness]. [外部呼吸在晕车中自主神经成分形成中的作用]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-09-01
V M Baranov, M A Tikhonov, E I Matsnev, M Iu Volkov, A S Markin, K S Khaĭdakov
{"title":"[Role of external respiration in the formation of the autonomic component in motion sickness].","authors":"V M Baranov,&nbsp;M A Tikhonov,&nbsp;E I Matsnev,&nbsp;M Iu Volkov,&nbsp;A S Markin,&nbsp;K S Khaĭdakov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Time course variations in the ventilation and gas exchange functions of the lungs, gas composition and acid-base equilibrium of blood were investigated in 22 male test subjects, aged 27-49 years, who were kept in the head-down position (-8 degrees) and rocked in parallel swings. The subjects susceptible to motion sickness developed lung hyperventilation and concomitant alveolar-arterial hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis which may potentiate a symptom-complex of vestibular disorders. To control hypocapnia, the subjects used a hypercapnic breathing mixture (4% CO2, 96% air). This eliminated the above changes in the gas composition and acid-base equilibrium of blood, and in 7 out of 10 subjects alleviated vestibular symptoms and elongated the time of motion tolerance. In addition, the prophylactic effect of hypercapnic exposure showed individual variations which seem to be associated with individual sensitivity of the respiratory center to hypercapnic stimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 5","pages":"20-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Calcium pooling by plasma and extra-plasma buffer systems: effects of prolonged hypokinesia]. 血浆和血浆外缓冲系统的钙池化:长期运动不足的影响。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-09-01
I M Larina, T M Smirnova, Iu V Sukhanov
{"title":"[Calcium pooling by plasma and extra-plasma buffer systems: effects of prolonged hypokinesia].","authors":"I M Larina,&nbsp;T M Smirnova,&nbsp;Iu V Sukhanov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthy test subjects were intravenously injected with calcium solutions during ambulatory activity and after 100-day exposure to head-down tilt. It was demonstrated that different mechanisms were involved in maintaining ionized calcium at a constant level and that their contribution changed after the tilt study. It was also shown that the capacity of extra plasma pool was decreased, kinetic characteristics of the Ca2+ binding reaction were modified, and responses of mineralotropic hormones to induced hypercalcemia were enhanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 5","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Method of determination of calcium in the hand by 238-Pu-Be source neutron activation]. [238-Pu-Be源中子活化法测定手中的钙]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-09-01
V E Zaĭchik, A P Dubrovin, A M Korelo, B V Morukov
{"title":"[Method of determination of calcium in the hand by 238-Pu-Be source neutron activation].","authors":"V E Zaĭchik,&nbsp;A P Dubrovin,&nbsp;A M Korelo,&nbsp;B V Morukov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 5","pages":"58-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19556573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Effect of weightlessness on the course of the reparative process in the muscles of the biosatellite Kosmos-2044 rats]. [失重对Kosmos-2044生物卫星大鼠肌肉修复过程的影响]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-09-01
E I Il'ina-Kakueva, T E Burkovskaia
{"title":"[Effect of weightlessness on the course of the reparative process in the muscles of the biosatellite Kosmos-2044 rats].","authors":"E I Il'ina-Kakueva,&nbsp;T E Burkovskaia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The repair process in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of SPF Wistar rats flown for 14 days on the biosatellite Cosmos-2044 was investigated. The muscles were injured 2 days before launch by means of clamp forceps. The exposure inhibited the process but did not impair its phasic development. As a result, the reparative field diminished and took the size of an atrophic muscle; thinner myofibers appeared that originated from the ends of injured atrophic fibers and fibers that underwent splitting. It is postulated that repair inhibition is caused by the same mechanisms that produce muscle atrophy in microgravity. It is suggested that both repair inhibition and muscle atrophy are induced by disorders in the neurotrophic regulation of metabolism due to partial disuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 5","pages":"24-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Prophylactic and sensitizing effects of biologically active substances in animal modeling of vestibular disorders]. [生物活性物质在前庭疾病动物模型中的预防和致敏作用]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-09-01
V S Shashkov, Iu V Drozd, V M Puko
{"title":"[Prophylactic and sensitizing effects of biologically active substances in animal modeling of vestibular disorders].","authors":"V S Shashkov,&nbsp;Iu V Drozd,&nbsp;V M Puko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 5","pages":"61-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Disorders in the systems regulating active forms of oxygen and lipoperoxidation in the skin and liver of rats following exposure to UVB-radiation]. [暴露于uvb辐射后大鼠皮肤和肝脏中调节活性氧和脂质过氧化的系统紊乱]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-07-01
A G Platonov, V N Maĭsuradze, Iu B Kudriashov
{"title":"[Disorders in the systems regulating active forms of oxygen and lipoperoxidation in the skin and liver of rats following exposure to UVB-radiation].","authors":"A G Platonov,&nbsp;V N Maĭsuradze,&nbsp;Iu B Kudriashov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of UV-B-radiation on the regulation of active oxygen forms and lipid peroxidation in the skin and liver of rats was investigated. It was found that UV-B-radiation of epilated skin areas (about 15% of the total body surface) of white male rats caused an increase of lipid peroxidation products (TBA-active products). In both areas, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased. In the skin, these changes manifested twice--immediately and 3-5 days after exposure. In the liver, the changes were less expressed and occurred only at the time which coincided with the second wave of changes in the skin. In the skin, the pool of lipid soluble antioxidants and nonprotein thiols also decreased significantly. The latter parameter showed the highest sensitivity in the skin. Activity of glutathione reductase proved to be the most resistant parameter in the skin and liver. It is concluded that inhibition of both enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidative systems in the UV-B-irradiated organism may play an important role in the development of effects involving active oxygen forms and lipid peroxidation, especially during chronic irradiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 4","pages":"35-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13118414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The effect of chronic UVB-irradiation on the growth, development and productivity of fodder beet]. [慢性uvb照射对饲料用甜菜生长发育及产量的影响]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-07-01
E Ia Ziablitskaia, G V Koz'min, E D Simonenkova, A A Zeĭnalov, Iu V Tolstikov
{"title":"[The effect of chronic UVB-irradiation on the growth, development and productivity of fodder beet].","authors":"E Ia Ziablitskaia,&nbsp;G V Koz'min,&nbsp;E D Simonenkova,&nbsp;A A Zeĭnalov,&nbsp;Iu V Tolstikov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a field study in 1989, the effect of additional UV-B-irradiation (with an intensity of 0.34, 0.49 or 0.77 W/m2, daily exposure of 17.3, 26.7 or 39.1 kJ/m2, and total exposure of 1457.3, 2248.8 or 3285.6 kJ/m2) on the growth, development and productivity of fodder beet var. Eckendorf yellow was investigated. The three levels of irradiation caused a delay of plant growth and a significant reduction of plant height (18-26%), air-dry weight of leaves (32-43%), wet weight of leaves (48-52%), and weight of root-crops (48-50%).</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 4","pages":"23-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13119997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The effect of increased levels of chronic UVB-radiation on the functional state of the body in sheep]. [慢性uvb辐射水平增加对绵羊身体功能状态的影响]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-07-01
V L Ivanov, A G Ipatova, V V Demichev, N V Efimenko, V A Kozlov, N N Sukhanova, T S Shevchenko, A S Shevchenko
{"title":"[The effect of increased levels of chronic UVB-radiation on the functional state of the body in sheep].","authors":"V L Ivanov,&nbsp;A G Ipatova,&nbsp;V V Demichev,&nbsp;N V Efimenko,&nbsp;V A Kozlov,&nbsp;N N Sukhanova,&nbsp;T S Shevchenko,&nbsp;A S Shevchenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of increased doses of UV-B-radiation produced by LER-40 lamps (with an intensity of 5.5 W/m2 at a daily dose of 20 kJ/m2 and a total dose for 15 days of 300 kJ/m2) on the cardiovascular function, biochemical, biophysical and structural parameters of blood plasma and cells of sheep was investigated. It was found that increased UV-B-radiation produced functional changes in different physiological systems of animals: arrhythmias, diastole shortening, increase of the systole-diastole index; decrease of platelet count, shortening of blood coagulation time; increase of calcium, iron and copper and decrease of zinc in plasma; conformational changes in cytoplasmic membranes of platelets and lymphocytes. The changes that occurred in the sheep at an early stage of exposure can be viewed as adaptive. However, functional changes that were seen at remote stages suggested that the sensitivity of various systems of the body to UV-B-radiation was different.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 4","pages":"32-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13119998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The effect of medium-wave UV-radiation on the photosynthetic apparatus and the productivity of higher plants]. [中波紫外线辐射对光合装置和高等植物生产力的影响]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-07-01
Iu E Giller, I Iu Shcherbakova, B I Lipkina, F A Karieva, V A Shishkin
{"title":"[The effect of medium-wave UV-radiation on the photosynthetic apparatus and the productivity of higher plants].","authors":"Iu E Giller, I Iu Shcherbakova, B I Lipkina, F A Karieva, V A Shishkin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In laboratory and field experiments, the effect of medium-wave (290-320 nm) UV-radiation (UV-B) on the build-up of photosynthetic pigments, growth and productivity of higher plants was investigated. It was found that UV-B of 5-9 W/m2 in intensity applied daily (at a daily dose of 15-20 kJ/m2) or singly (at a daily dose of 24 or 36 kJ/m2) inhibited the formation of chloroplast pigments. The pattern and magnitude of changes depended on the plant species and leaf age. The degree of photosynthetic changes and plant resistance to UV-radiation were closely correlated. In field experiments (daily irradiation with 0.6 W/m2 at a dose of 12-13 kJ/m2/day), UV-B suppressed the growth and yield of cotton and soybean plants. This exposure modified chloroplasts of soybean plants and inhibited their growth to a greater extent than that of cotton plants. The factors responsible for the species-related specificity of UV-B resistance of higher plants are discussed and approaches to its evaluation based on the pigment apparatus of photosynthesis are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 4","pages":"26-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13120000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The effect of super-erythematous doses of UV-radiation on the general condition of the human body]. [超红斑剂量紫外线辐射对人体一般状况的影响]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-07-01
N E Panferova, L V Gutorova, T A Kabesheva, V I Pervushin
{"title":"[The effect of super-erythematous doses of UV-radiation on the general condition of the human body].","authors":"N E Panferova,&nbsp;L V Gutorova,&nbsp;T A Kabesheva,&nbsp;V I Pervushin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of excessive UV-radiation with 2-4, 5-6, or 7-8 minimal erythematous doses (MED) on man's health condition was investigated, when the irradiated surface area made 20% or 50% of the body surface area. Before and 1 or 3 days after exposure the following parameters were measured: skin state, skin perspiration, body temperature, fluid consumption, diuresis, ECG, PCG, occlusion plethysmography. The observations allowed the conclusion that 5-8 MEDs were threshold doses inducing early intoxication in response to local irradiation (20% of the body surface area) and upper body irradiation (50% of the body surface area). Irradiation with 7-8 MEDs caused noticeable intoxication: fever, headache, increased body temperature (37 degrees C and over), inhibited perspiration, fluid retention, and altered cardiac function.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 4","pages":"50-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13118418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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