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Man in Space 太空中的人
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 2019-05-28 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvhrd0dh.14
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引用次数: 0
[Basic approaches to the study of biological effects of heavy ions of galactic cosmic rays on space vehicles]. [银河宇宙射线重离子对航天器生物效应研究的基本方法]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-11-01
L V Nevzgodina, E N Maksimova
{"title":"[Basic approaches to the study of biological effects of heavy ions of galactic cosmic rays on space vehicles].","authors":"L V Nevzgodina, E N Maksimova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 6","pages":"55-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Specific features of the motor function of the digestive organs in persons with different degree of resistance to motion sickness]. [对晕动病有不同抵抗程度的人的消化器官运动功能的具体特征]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-11-01
B V Afonin, V A Rogov, L G Ruvinova, B I Poliakov, S L Inozemtsev
{"title":"[Specific features of the motor function of the digestive organs in persons with different degree of resistance to motion sickness].","authors":"B V Afonin,&nbsp;V A Rogov,&nbsp;L G Ruvinova,&nbsp;B I Poliakov,&nbsp;S L Inozemtsev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of three exposures to Coriolis acceleration on the frequency and amplitude of fasting stomach contractions was investigated in 6 resistant and 16 susceptible to motion sickness test subjects. After tests all of them underwent gastroduodenoscopy and 4 subjects from each group were subjected to echography to measure gall bladder contractility in response to glucose-milk loads. After tests the motor activity of the stomach increased slightly in resistant subjects due to an increase of the amplitude and a slight decrease of biopotential frequency. During gastroscopy antral and pyloric sphincters were closed. In the stomach there was an insignificant amount of contents without gall. In the susceptible group, the motor activity was, on the contrary, inhibited due to a significant decline of the wave amplitude and frequency (by 40% and 11%, respectively). In the stomach, one or both sphincters were widely open; it also contained a large amount of gastric juice and gall. In 36% of susceptible and 17% resistant subjects, diaphragmatic hernia (at the esophageal opening) was found. Ultrasonic examination of the gall bladder showed that susceptible subjects developed its faster and stronger contraction when compared to resistant subject in response to glucose-milk loading. This pointed to a more prolonged duration of the gall excretion phase. Reactive changes of the gastroduodenal zone in response to motion tests facilitated duodenal-gastric reflux and major gastrointestinal symptoms of motion sickness.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 6","pages":"36-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Biocatalysis using immobilized cells or enzymes as a method of water and air purification in habitable enclosed environment]. [在可居住的封闭环境中使用固定化细胞或酶作为水和空气净化方法的生物催化]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-11-01
T E Lebedeva, N M Nazarov, Iu E Siniak
{"title":"[Biocatalysis using immobilized cells or enzymes as a method of water and air purification in habitable enclosed environment].","authors":"T E Lebedeva,&nbsp;N M Nazarov,&nbsp;Iu E Siniak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper shows that the method of water and air purification using immobilized cells and enzymes can be applied in regenerative life support systems in a habitable enclosed environment. This method is based on selective and adaptive functions of enzymic systems of microorganisms to assimilate organic components of the medium to be eliminated. Advantages of biocatalysis are low energy requirements and mild temperatures of purification leading to practically complete elimination of the substrate. Due to immobilization, cells and enzymes constitute an independent component which can be added to any continuously operating system of purification without generating a specific interface which is crucially important in microgravity. This allows the process of purification to be controllable. The resulting water and air meet biological requirements because they are formed under the influence of living organisms as in natural biogeocenoses. The production of ecologically pure water and air is highly important for long-duration space missions, especially for flights to Mars.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 6","pages":"42-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Assessment of health status and metabolic parameters of cosmonauts during space flight]. [太空飞行期间宇航员健康状况和代谢参数的评估]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-11-01
A I Grigor'ev, V V Poliakov, V B Noskov, V I Kozharinov
{"title":"[Assessment of health status and metabolic parameters of cosmonauts during space flight].","authors":"A I Grigor'ev,&nbsp;V V Poliakov,&nbsp;V B Noskov,&nbsp;V I Kozharinov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 6","pages":"48-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Study of biological activity of nidus vespae infusions during physical exercise]. [体育运动中静脉滴注生物活性的研究]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-11-01
V N Kostiuchenkov, N F Farashchuk
{"title":"[Study of biological activity of nidus vespae infusions during physical exercise].","authors":"V N Kostiuchenkov,&nbsp;N F Farashchuk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 6","pages":"58-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Functional changes of the cardiovascular system and their pharmacological correction during suited immersion]. [适当浸泡时心血管系统的功能变化及其药理学纠正]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-11-01
V S Shashkov, N G Lakota, A Iu Modin, S L Il'ina
{"title":"[Functional changes of the cardiovascular system and their pharmacological correction during suited immersion].","authors":"V S Shashkov,&nbsp;N G Lakota,&nbsp;A Iu Modin,&nbsp;S L Il'ina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the course of 126 man/exposures of 3 hours to 3 days in duration, in which 39 test subjects took part, circulation responses to the upright and supine body position during suited immersion as well as orthostatic and exercise tolerance after immersion were investigated. During 24 man/exposures for 2 days the subjects were administered per os placebo or one of the four neurotrophic drugs: sydnocarb, sydnogluton, sydstrigluton, estrigluton. Clinical observations, instrumented data and methodical features of the immersion model used give evidence that the suited immersion has advantages over currently used procedures simulating the effects of hypogravity. The drugs allowed cardiovascular correction that increased aerobic capacity of the body and enhanced cardiovascular orthostatic and exercise tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 6","pages":"33-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[External respiration and gas exchange in man exposed to simulated diving at 350 M]. [在350米模拟潜水中暴露的人的外呼吸和气体交换]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-11-01
A V Suvorov, A E Mikhnenko, V V Isaenko
{"title":"[External respiration and gas exchange in man exposed to simulated diving at 350 M].","authors":"A V Suvorov,&nbsp;A E Mikhnenko,&nbsp;V V Isaenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nine test subjects performed 4 dives in a He-O2 atmosphere at 3.5 MPa for 3-21 days. Their external respiration and gas exchange were measured at rest and maximum physical load. At rest the basic respiratory parameters remained unaltered. However respiratory reserves decreased under the influence of increased gas density. At a maximum workload the power of which proved lowered the ventilation gain was inadequate. This led to CO2 retention in the body and, consequently, to subjects' refusal to continue physical work. Prolonged exposure to 3.5 MPa caused the most significant respiratory changes during the first 3 days and their slight normalization and constancy during subsequent 2.5 weeks. This was, probably, associated with a slight pO2 increase in the breathing gas.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 6","pages":"21-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[External respiration and gas exchange in space flights]. [太空飞行中的外部呼吸和气体交换]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-11-01
V M Baranov, M A Tikhonov, N M Asiamolova, M Iu Volkov, A N Kotov, G E Savchenko, K S Khaĭdakov
{"title":"[External respiration and gas exchange in space flights].","authors":"V M Baranov,&nbsp;M A Tikhonov,&nbsp;N M Asiamolova,&nbsp;M Iu Volkov,&nbsp;A N Kotov,&nbsp;G E Savchenko,&nbsp;K S Khaĭdakov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is an overview of investigations performed in actual and simulated flights to study the effects of microgravity and acceleration, space cabin and space suit artificial atmosphere on the respiratory function. The conceptual prediction of the effects that the space environment produces on the respiratory system suggests the following changes in respiration, gas exchange, and acid-base equilibrium: respiration biomechanics; gas diffusion and ventilation-perfusion ratios in the lungs; regulation of respiration and function of respiratory muscles; lung hydration and blood filling; respiratory changes in acid-base equilibrium and blood gases. Besides, the combined effect of microgravity, acceleration, low barometric pressure and modified gas composition may cause lung atelectases and concomitant disorders in pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange. These changes may have an adverse effect on the health condition and physical work capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 6","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Mathematical approach to the evaluation of accuracy of physiological measurements by different methods]. [用数学方法评价不同方法生理测量的准确性]。
Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina Pub Date : 1991-11-01
N V Pravetskiĭ, A M Nosovskiĭ, S F Kholin
{"title":"[Mathematical approach to the evaluation of accuracy of physiological measurements by different methods].","authors":"N V Pravetskiĭ,&nbsp;A M Nosovskiĭ,&nbsp;S F Kholin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76078,"journal":{"name":"Kosmicheskaia biologiia i aviakosmicheskaia meditsina","volume":"25 6","pages":"53-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19557609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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