Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Advanced treatment of facultative lagoon effluent: microfiltration and nanofiltration for water reuse","authors":"Christopher B. Yazzie, Lauren Vasquez, Jack Welchert, Doorae Lee, Maya L. Begay, Matthew L. Begay, Shazia Tabassum Hakim, Charles Gerba and Vasiliki Karanikola","doi":"10.1039/D5EW01220A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW01220A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study assessed the effectiveness of microfiltration (MF) as pretreatment combined with nanofiltration (NF) for tertiary treatment of secondary wastewater effluent (SWE) from a facultative lagoon system. The SWE was found to have turbidity levels which require pretreatment, and microfiltration was chosen in this study for its ability to remove particles to 1 micron, its low-cost and the ease of operation and maintenance. Three commercially available NF membranes (NF90, NF245, and NF270) were evaluated using a bench-scale system operated in recycle mode, in which a fixed batch volume of SWE obtained from Tuba City, Arizona, was continuously recirculated through each membrane module. The NF90 membrane demonstrated the highest rejection of organic and inorganic compounds and consistently maintained a 96% reduction in total dissolved solids throughout 7 days of operation. In contrast, the NF245 and NF270 membranes showed decreasing performance over time due to fouling. All membranes successfully removed more than 95% of contaminants of emerging concern. Characterization of the membranes indicated changes in hydrophobicity and surface charge for NF245 and NF270 after SWE filtering, while the properties of the NF90 membrane surface remained relatively unchanged. The treated effluents from NF245 and NF270 met Arizona's Class A+ reclaimed water standards for non-potable reuse. This study illustrates the potential of MF–NF treatment to upgrade facultative lagoon effluents to satisfy water reuse standards and to offer a sustainable solution for small communities experiencing water scarcity.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 2","pages":" 713-726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ew/d5ew01220a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the hydraulic conditions that govern discolouration material behaviour in drinking water distribution systems","authors":"Reinar Lokk, Joby Boxall and Stewart Husband","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00873E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00873E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recurring consumer complaints of discoloured water indicate a key management challenge for drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). This research examines the causes by investigating and quantifying the impacts of hydraulic conditions on the transition of material between the bulk water and infrastructure surfaces. It is the first to acknowledge and differentiate between particulate accumulation and mobilisation due to the processes of sedimentation and cohesive layers and provide evidenced based operation and maintenance guidelines to improve discolouration management. With the range of physical, chemical and biological interactions within DWDS the specific processes enabling particles to remain on pipe surfaces are not investigated or quantified here with the focus on delivering evidence based practical support. Results from 8 independent week long trials incorporating 18 hydraulic profiles in a full sized and extensively monitored experimental pipe-loop with flow control precision of 0.002 m s<small>⁻¹</small> and using discolouration material collected from multiple operational networks are presented. Reynolds number is proposed to best describe the limit of sedimentation as a measure of the turbulence forces that are balanced by the self-weight forces. Shear stress, that quantifies surface forces, is proposed to best describe mobilisation. For practical guidelines and uptake these can be converted to velocities. Sedimentation was found to dominate up to a Reynolds number of 15 100 (0.25 m s<small>⁻¹</small>, 0.21 N m<small>⁻²</small>); above this cohesive layers were dominant. This indicates discolouration risks from sedimentation, likely in the tertiary zones of a DWDS, may be mitigated if flows regularly attain these values. Material accumulated following sedimentation was shown to be effectively removed by a shear stress of 0.77 N m<small>⁻²</small> (0.5 m s<small>⁻¹</small>, Re 30 300), representing an idealised flushing value as forces above this showed negligible benefit on their removal. No effective upper flushing value was found in these trials for effective full mobilisation of cohesive layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 3","pages":" 1021-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ew/d5ew00873e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147352576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfadiazine degradation via peroxydisulfate activation: insights into B/S co-doped biochar and the role of singlet oxygen","authors":"Yanyan Nie, Nan Xiong, ChunJin Yao, Zejun Zhang, Yuqing Yao, Xiaoling Wu, Bo Sun, Yu Qiang, Jian He and Long Yan","doi":"10.1039/D5EW01099C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW01099C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Developing sustainable, metal-free catalysts for persulfate (PDS) activation is crucial for antibiotic removal in water environments. In this work, boron–sulfur–nitrogen co-doped biochar (BS4C) was synthesized <em>via</em> one-step pyrolysis of walnut shell, boric acid, and thiourea. The introduction of B, N, and S atoms synergistically modulated the electronic structure of carbon, creating abundant electron-deficient sites for PDS activation. As a result, BS4C exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward sulfadiazine (SDZ) degradation, achieving 83.8% removal within 60 min, and maintained strong resistance under the coexistence of various anions and natural organic matter. Radical quenching and EPR analyses confirmed that the process followed a <small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small>-dominated non-radical oxidation pathway. These findings highlight the potential of biomass-derived, heteroatom-doped carbon materials as sustainable, metal-free catalysts for antibiotic degradation and water purification.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 3","pages":" 944-957"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147352581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards scalable electrochemical reduction cells for hexavalent chromium","authors":"Collin A. Dunn, Alan Rassoolkhani, Cameron Lippert and James Landon","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00828J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00828J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The ability of electrochemical cells with carbon-based anodes and cathodes to reduce hexavalent chromium (Cr(<small>VI</small>)) to trivalent chromium (Cr(<small>III</small>)) was investigated over a range of applied potentials and feed pH values. These cells reduced &gt;99% of the 200 ppm Cr(<small>VI</small>) present with a residence time below one minute when applying at least 0.75 V to solutions with a pH below 2.5. Loss of reduction at higher pH values is associated with the predicted formation of solid chromium compounds on the cathode surface due to local pH shifts during operation. A long-term breakthrough study was performed comparing the all-carbon cell to one with a mixed-metal oxide (MMO) anode. Near total reduction of Cr(<small>VI</small>) to Cr(<small>III</small>) was maintained by the carbon cell for 4 hours of operation at 1.5 V before higher effluent Cr(<small>VI</small>) concentrations were seen. While the MMO cell did not suffer a reduction in performance, cost savings with carbon electrodes <em>versus</em> MMO could be quite substantial. Postmortem analysis of the carbon anodes shows increased resistivity, which correlates to the loss of reductive capacity. Based on these results, commercial projections were possible, which show that this type of electrochemical cell may be an environmentally and economically sound alternative to sulfite addition when managing process streams containing hexavalent chromium.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 4","pages":" 1116-1125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water service provision in rapidly urbanising villages: a comparison of rural and urban governance in Mumbai and Chennai regions in India","authors":"Renjitha Maniyil Haridasan, Alison Parker and May Sule","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00935A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00935A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As cities grow, adjoining villages also start urbanising, adversely affecting primary services, including drinking water services. Switching to urban governance is posed as a solution for addressing this problem. We compared various dimensions of water services available to households across towns in different stages of transition in two metropolitan regions in India to generate evidence on whether the transition of fast-urbanising villages to municipal governance results in improved water services. The data on dimensions of water services were collected through household surveys. The Kruskal–Wallis test was adopted to determine if the differences found in quantitative dimensions of water services available to households across fast-urbanising villages and towns under urban administration were statistically significant, while a chi-square test was employed for qualitative dimensions. Our results showed no better services in towns under urban administration for all dimensions studied. If some were better in towns under urban administration, others were better in urbanising villages under rural administration. We conclude that urban governance alone does not guarantee better services, and there are factors beyond governance contributing to improved services. The findings urge policymakers and programme implementers to look beyond the ‘transition-to-urban governance’ solution and work on institutional strengthening and context-specific approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 4","pages":" 1135-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ew/d5ew00935a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butyl xanthate removal from mineral processing wastewater via electrochemical treatment using copper electrodes","authors":"Gaogui Jing, Shenggui Zhao, Junsheng Ma, Yunfeng Liu, Xinxing Liang, Guoyuan Xiang and Zhiyong Gao","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00986C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00986C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Residual flotation collectors are the most widespread organic pollutants in tailings wastewater, and their efficient abatement usually involves energy-consuming and high-cost treatments. In this study, the applicability of electrocoagulation for removing butyl xanthate (BX), a typical thiol collector for sulfide ore flotation, from wastewater was investigated. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity variation were monitored to reveal the removal behavior of BX. The results showed that the efficiency of copper-based electrocoagulation was significantly higher than that of conventional aluminum or iron electrodes. More than 91.5% of COD was removed within 6 min of electrolysis operated at 6 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> with natural pH and 0.02 M Na<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small> concentration. Calcite and copper electrocoagulation played a synergistic role in accelerating COD removal from the wastewater. Mechanism analysis indicated that the electrocoagulation process involved two successive stages. First stage: the transformation of BX into insoluble copper–organic complexes; second stage: the destabilization of the complex colloid by a charge neutralization mechanism. Calcite particles adsorbed a portion of the suspended complexes and acted as coarse particles that facilitated the settling of fine particles. The proposed simple electrocoagulation process could represent an effective strategy for removing BX and mitigating environmental pollutants discharged from the mineral processing industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 3","pages":" 934-943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147352580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioelectrode–metal synergistic interaction for hydrogen recovery in a sulfate-reducing bacteria-based bioelectrochemical system to treat sewage wastewater: microbial dynamics and feasibility study under continuous-mode operation","authors":"Renju and Rajesh Singh","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00936G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00936G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study validated a 1 L-capacity sulfate-reducing bacteria-based bioelectrochemical system (SRB-BES) for treating sewage wastewater in continuous mode over ∼66 days. Hydrogen production of ∼50% in the SRB-BES at 1032 hours of operation indicates that sewage wastewater can be a good renewable energy source if properly harnessed. With the increase in soluble ammonia, the average TOC, SO<small>₄</small><small>²⁻</small>, and PO<small>₄</small><small>³⁻</small> removal efficiency of 56.76%, 47.04%, and 72.44%, respectively, was retained. An increase in pH from slightly acidic to alkaline and stabilization with the increasing sampling time results in more precipitation of toxic metal ions, causing the metal ion concentration in solution to decrease from 234.34 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> to 217.98 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> and 212.88 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, observed at 4 and 8 hours of sampling, respectively. The sulfate reducer is enriched to 4.26%, 5.38%, and 5.60% in the bioanode, biocathode, and treated culture, respectively. Thermophilic <em>Kosmotoga</em> at the anode (4.94%) and cathode (3.48%) indicates the possible utilization of elemental sulfur as a terminal electron acceptor at the bioelectrodes. The improved H<small>₂</small>/CH<small>₄</small> ratio from 0.55 to 4.94 indicated ∼10 times SRB population activity in a mature BES. This research supports the large-scale implementation of the SRB-BES, highlighting its efficacy in treating wastewater and contributing to resource recovery at the lowest operational cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 3","pages":" 849-865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147352591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From food waste to water safety: mango endocarp-derived biogenic carbon dots as a fluorescent probe for real-time chlorine monitoring in pool water","authors":"Martin N. Saad, Amr M. Mahmoud, Sawsan M. Amer, Ibrahim M. El-Sherbiny and Hoda M. Marzouk","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00782H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00782H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Disinfection of water by chlorine is of paramount importance to public health, while higher than regulated concentrations are toxicologically dangerous and must be controlled with great accuracy in real-time. In the present study, we introduce an ultra-green fluorimetric sensor based on carbon dots (C-dots), synthesized for the first time from waste mango endocarp, for the quantification of free chlorine. The biogenic C-dots synthesized show strong blue fluorescence that is selectively quenched by hypochlorite by an oxidation-mediated process. The structural and surface characteristics of the synthesized C-dots were extensively characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS) to measure size and zeta potential. To render monitoring field-deployable, the system is applied using a low-cost, Arduino-powered portable device with a UV source and RGB sensor for real-time, reagent-free chlorine detection in pool water. The method has a wide range of linearity (0.01–100 ppm), good detection limit (3.0 ppb), and selectivity. The method's sustainability was confirmed through ComplexMoGAPI, BAGI, and RGB 12 tools. The present work synergistically combines food waste valorization, nanotechnology, and embedded systems into a smart, sustainable platform for water quality management.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 2","pages":" 727-741"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical modelling and the probabilistic health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride in the groundwater of Kota stone mine regions","authors":"Gulshan Kumar Sharma, Gopal Lal Meena, Shakir Ali, Roomesh Kumar Jena, Kuldeep Kumar, Ashok Kumar, I. Rashmi, Mahaveer Nogiya, Anita Kumawat, Rajeeb Kumar Mohanty, Bachaspati Das, Anand Gupta and M. Madhu","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00905G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00905G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Groundwater serves as the main source of drinking water, especially in rural India. The primary threats to human health and water quality are pollutants like nitrate and fluoride. To determine the concentration of fluoride and nitrate, as well as their geographical distribution and possible sources, the current study examined the hydrogeochemical properties of groundwater in the stone-mining regions of Kota, Rajasthan, India. In this study, multivariate statistics, health hazard assessment, and entropy water quality index (EWQI) determinations were also carried out. Around 84% of the samples had fluoride content above the threshold limit for drinking water (1.5 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>). Similarly, nitrate contents were 25.5% and 33.3% higher in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, respectively, than the permissible limit for drinking water quality (45 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>). Considering the EWQI values, nearly 19.6% and 21.6% of the groundwater samples were poor and very poor, respectively; hence, they were unfit for drinking in the pre-monsoon season. In the post-monsoon period, rainfall-induced dilution exerted a significant positive influence on groundwater quality by reducing the concentration of dissolved contaminants. The average value of the hazard quotient (HQ) of fluoride through groundwater ingestion for adults (children) in the seasons before and after monsoon was 2.29 ± 0.31 (3.03 ± 0.41) and 2.19 ± 0.30 (2.89 ± 0.39), respectively; hence, they posed the risk of non-carcinogenic risk to people, which is a severe concern. In this study, elevated fluoride levels were found in the groundwater, likely due to the dissolution of fluoride-bearing minerals at higher temperatures and extended residence times, which encourages fluoride weathering in semi-arid regions. The findings of this study would be useful for managing groundwater resources strategically while preserving groundwater quality and reducing health hazards.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 3","pages":" 1003-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147352575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Prussian blue and its analogues for sustainable capacitive deionization: transition from laboratory development to industrial deployment","authors":"S. Lavanya, Fawzi Banat and G. Bharath","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00957J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00957J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Water scarcity and salinity pose acute challenges to sustainable development, requiring efficient, scalable and environmentally friendly water treatment technologies. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is emerging as a highly sustainable and energy-efficient water purification technology with notable advantages for brackish water desalination, wastewater treatment, and decentralized small-scale systems. The development of scalable and high-performance electrode materials is critical to accelerate the transition of CDI toward industrial and commercial adoption. Prussian blue (PB) and Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), with their open-framework crystalline structures, rapid and reversible ion-storage capabilities, and high theoretical capacitance, have recently gained attention as next-generation CDI electrode materials. Despite promising laboratory-scale results, key challenges including long-term electrode stability, large-scale synthesis, environmental compatibility, and reliable performance under real-water conditions remain unresolved. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the recent advances in PB and PBA design, synthesis, and CDI performance, with a particular focus on their feasibility for industrial-scale manufacturing and deployment. Strategies such as multi-metallic analogues, hierarchical porous architectures, and hybrid composites with conductive materials are examined to enhance the desalination capacity, rate capability, and operational durability. Furthermore, critical barriers to commercialization including scalable and cost-effective synthesis, integration into modular pilot-scale systems, and performance in complex water matrices are discussed. Finally, this review offers techno-economic perspectives and practical insights to guide the development and industrial translation of PB-based CDI technologies, advancing sustainable and affordable clean-water solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 3","pages":" 789-815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147352578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}