Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Integrating activated carbon into conventional sand filtration boosts biological Mn(ii) removal efficiency†","authors":"Qi Chen, Bin Wu, Yuliang Su, Huidong Shen, Guohang Han, Shengtao Chen, Baoyou Shi and Guiwei Li","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00344J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00344J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Efficient manganese removal at water treatment plants is becoming increasingly significant due to growing health and aesthetic concerns associated with Mn in drinking water. Recently, biological granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration has demonstrated effectiveness in removing dissolved Mn(<small>II</small>) biologically. However, most water treatment plants continue to rely on conventional sand filtration. To enhance biological Mn(<small>II</small>) removal on the basis of sand filtration remains a challenge. This study aimed to explore whether partially integrating GAC into sand filters could significantly enhance Mn(<small>II</small>) removal. Results showed that even a 25% replacement of sand with GAC enabled rapid filter maturation and Mn(<small>II</small>) removal efficiency that was statistically comparable to the 100% GAC filter (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05), with marked improvement over the 100% sand filter. Solid analysis revealed that GAC media facilitated biomass accumulation that was 25 times greater than that observed with sand, and biogenic MnO<small>_<em>x</em></small> also adhered more strongly to GAC surfaces. This caused the GAC portion of the GAC–sand filter to play a dominant role in Mn(<small>II</small>) removal. Additionally, the GAC media fostered both biomass growth and MnO<small>_<em>x</em></small> accumulation in the underlying sand layer, enabling the sand portion to remove more Mn(<small>II</small>). This proof-of-concept study highlighted a promising strategy for addressing Mn issues by integrating GAC into sand filtration systems without requiring substantial infrastructure modifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 8","pages":" 1861-1867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination of miconazole nitrate from water by electro-Fenton: effect of operating parameters and degradation pathway†","authors":"Nadia Gadi, Allisson Barros de Souza, Nadine C. Boelee, Deirdre Cabooter and Raf Dewil","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00508B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00508B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates the removal of miconazole, a widely used pharmaceutical, from water using the electro-Fenton process. By systematically evaluating key parameters such as applied current intensity (10–500 mA), catalyst concentration (0.1–1.0 mM Fe<small>²⁺</small>), and water matrix composition, optimal conditions for maximizing pollutant removal efficiency were identified. The highest first-order oxidation rate constant of 36.4 × 10<small>⁻²</small> min<small>⁻¹</small> was achieved under optimal conditions, demonstrating the efficiency of the electro-Fenton process. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal reached a maximum of 90% after 180 min of treatment, indicating significant mineralization of the pollutant. Ten major aromatic oxidation intermediates were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), providing valuable insight into the degradation pathways. This study stands out for its comprehensive optimization of key parameters, ensuring robust and practical application of the electro-Fenton process for pharmaceutical removal. Achieving 90% TOC removal and a high oxidation rate constant (36.4 × 10<small>⁻²</small> min<small>⁻¹</small>) demonstrates superior mineralization efficiency. The identification of ten major degradation intermediates <em>via</em> UHPLC-HRMS provides valuable insight into pollutant breakdown pathways. Additionally, by considering real water matrix effects, this work enhances the practical applicability of electro-Fenton in sustainable wastewater treatment. The obtained results highlight the electro-Fenton process as an effective and promising technology for the removal and mineralization of pharmaceutical contaminants from water, contributing to the advancement of sustainable wastewater treatment solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 8","pages":" 1898-1908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d4ew00508b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting simultaneous sulfate reduction and ammonium oxidation in wastewater treatment – from inexplicable experimental observations to extended mechanistic hypotheses†","authors":"Bohan Yu, Di Wu, Jianyong Liu and Eveline I. P. Volcke","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00283D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00283D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Over the last two decades, reference has been made to the ‘sulfammox’ conversion, comprising the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium with sulfate, with nitrogen gas (N<small>₂</small>) and elemental sulfur (S<small>⁰</small>) as the main end products. However, this phenomenon has been associated with inexplicable experiment results in terms of variable end products and unclear reaction stoichiometry, besides the fact that it has been reported to occur under both heterotrophic and autotrophic conditions. This contribution sheds light on the ‘sulfammox’ phenomenon through a comprehensive revisit of experimental observations. The hypothesis for sulfammox-related reaction mechanisms was systematically extended, considering other end products than N<small>₂</small> and S<small>⁰</small>, and as well as potential syntrophic bioprocesses. This resulted in additional reactions which were more general than the specific sulfammox one and which were denoted by the term – simultaneous sulfate reduction and ammonium oxidation (SRAO). Multiple thermodynamically feasible reaction pathways of SRAO under heterotrophic and autotrophic conditions were identified in a systematic and intelligible way, and compared against previously reported experimental results regarding reactor performance and microbial community analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 8","pages":" 1847-1860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d5ew00283d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and performance evaluation of a cost-effective ceramic membrane for efficient bacterial removal in water treatment: optimization and life cycle assessment†","authors":"Maddala Sree Kanth, S. Lakshmi Sandhya Rani, Digvijay Singh, Vijaykumar Sekar, Seenivasan Ayothiraman, Baranidharan Sundaram and Vinoth Kumar Raja","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00165J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00165J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ensuring safe drinking water remains a global challenge, particularly due to microbial contamination in conventional sources. To address this, the present study investigates a cost-effective ceramic membrane fabricated from Fuller's earth clay for efficient bacterial removal, aiming to provide a sustainable water treatment solution. The developed membrane, characterized by 39% porosity and a 0.176 μm pore size, was evaluated for its efficacy in separating bacteria from water. The study rigorously examined the influence of applied pressure and feed optical density (OD) on the membrane's operational efficiency using a central composite design (CCD). The results revealed that higher pressure improved flux, while the highest rejection rates were achieved at moderate feed OD. The optimal conditions identified by the model are 43 psi pressure and 0.48 feed OD; the membrane achieved 91.6% rejection of bacterial cells with a flux of 52.91 L m<small>⁻²</small> h<small>⁻¹</small>. The analysis of the environmental impacts of the fabricated membrane was mainly linked to energy use during fabrication and suggests that transitioning from fossil fuel sources can reduce these impacts by 97%. Furthermore, regeneration and fouling resistance analysis revealed that the membrane can be efficiently regenerated, highlighting its potential for long-term use. These findings suggest that the developed Fuller's earth ceramic membrane offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution for bacterial removal in decentralized water treatment systems, demonstrating promising regeneration capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 8","pages":" 1876-1888"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of UV intensity, water temperature, and turbidity on solar disinfection efficiency: insights from moderated mediation analysis using the Johnson–Neyman technique†","authors":"Ekene Jude Nwankwo","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00466G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00466G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigated the bacterial inactivation effects of solar disinfection (SODIS) by separating direct UV inactivation from temperature-mediated mechanisms using moderated mediation analysis. The influence of turbidity and interactions between these inactivation pathways were examined with the Johnson–Neyman (J–N) technique. Analysis of data from five months of SODIS experiments, including the <em>E. coli</em> inactivation rate constant, 5 hour average midday UV intensity, maximum water temperature, and turbidity, revealed that within the synergistic temperature range, temperature-mediated inactivation accounts for 62% of total bacterial reduction, while UV contributes 38%. The lowest significant synergistic temperature was identified to be 48 °C at 5 NTU, with the synergistic effect ceasing beyond 56 °C as inactivation becomes independent of UV. Inactivation was optimized at 17 NTU, beyond which the role of turbidity became unclear. The implications of the findings on the choice of enhancement technology were discussed. The findings also highlight the limitations of multivariate regression in assessing parameter interactions, emphasizing the need for the J–N technique to accurately identify interaction ranges and parameter significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 8","pages":" 1909-1923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mini-review on performance metrics for electrochemically mediated ammonia recovery from wastewater†","authors":"Weikun Chen and Taeyoung Kim","doi":"10.1039/D4EW01091D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW01091D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ammonia recovery from various waste streams offers a promising pathway to move towards a more sustainable fertilizer production while minimizing the heavy reliance on fossil fuels. Several electrochemical methods have demonstrated promise over existing biological and physicochemical approaches due to the ability to separate and convert ammonium to ammonia <em>via</em> electrochemically mediated processes. However, the performance is generally standardized only to energy consumption that may overlook the effectiveness of ammonia recovery, thereby leading to an incomplete assessment. In this mini-review, we created a new plot to compare energy consumption and productivity as key performance metrics. The productivity was calculated using the molar flux of ammonium N separated from wastewater, which was then normalized by the mass of membranes as the key active component as well as to grasp the key operating condition and system parameter. By analyzing a comprehensive set of the literature data on the energy–productivity plot, we aimed to provide valuable insights into the current status and future directions of electrochemically mediated ammonia recovery from wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 7","pages":" 1593-1607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced As(iii) removal from water using an oxidative UiO-66-Cl anchored carbon framework: oxidation and adsorption†","authors":"Xiangxiong Liu, Jing Zhao, Yuanfeng Wei, Zhimin Wang, Maosong Zhao, Yufen Xia and Chengbin Liu","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00340G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00340G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Millions of people around the world are affected by the consumption of arsenic-contaminated groundwater, particularly the frequently detected As(<small>III</small>). Adsorption-based treatment is well suited to domestic water purification but is less efficient for the easily migrated As(<small>III</small>). Herein, an oxidative UiO-66-Cl anchored dopamine-modified carbon framework (UiO-66-Cl/DCF) was fabricated for single-step As(<small>III</small>) removal. The <em>in situ</em> anchored oxidative UiO-66-Cl provides both oxidative and adsorptive active sites, while the macroporous structure of the carbon framework ensures their high utilization. By oxidizing As(<small>III</small>) to higher-adsorbing As(<small>V</small>), UiO-66-Cl/DCF (1 g L<small>⁻¹</small>) could reduce the As(<small>III</small>) level (∼950 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>) to below 10 μg L<small>⁻¹</small> within 10 min. Similar results were achieved over a wide pH range of 3–11. UiO-66-Cl/DCF could remove more than 99.0% of As(<small>III</small>) in the coexistence of some ubiquitous anions, excluding 50 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> phosphate. Its removal capacity for As(<small>III</small>) was higher than 19.45 mg g<small>⁻¹</small> at pH 7. The used UiO-66-Cl/DCF was easily regenerated by desorption followed by chlorination, with As(<small>III</small>) removal efficiency exceeding 99% in the sixth cycle. Furthermore, UiO-66-Cl/DCF could reduce As(<small>III</small>) levels (∼1000 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>) in natural groundwater, river water, and tap water to less than 10 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>. Therefore, the proposed UiO-66-Cl/DCF could work as a reliable candidate for single-step purification of As(<small>III</small>)-contaminated water.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 8","pages":" 1889-1897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterocyclic biphenyl-based fluorochrome sensor for rapid hydrazine detection: design, synthesis, single crystal XRD, and DFT studies†","authors":"Dinkal V. Kasundra, Rajamouli Boddula and Paresh N. Patel","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00322A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00322A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As part of our continuous research focused on enhancing sensing technologies, this article presents a series of ground-breaking fluorochromes that feature a biphenyl scaffold. Novel fluorochrome sensors are developed with various heterocyclic aldehydes <em>via</em> Claisen–Schmidt condensation. This condensation is performed using KOH and pyrrolidine as catalysts to provide two different methods with competitive studies. The obtained results show that KOH is a rapid catalyst (2–3 h; 71–80%), while pyrrolidine is an effective catalyst (5–6 h, 85–95%). The structures of the prepared fluorochromes are characterized using various spectral techniques and single crystal XRD. The photophysical properties of these fluorochromes are investigated using UV-vis and Fluorescence spectrophotometry in different solvent systems. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are carried out and have a good correlation with experimental results. The obtained results for absorption, photoluminescence, and their theoretical correlation suggest that the prepared fluorochromes can be optimized for applications in optoelectronics, sensing, and bioimaging. Fluorochrome <strong>3g</strong>, which exhibits the highest Stokes shift (129 nm) and photoluminescence (QY 0.87), is used to demonstrate the detection of hydrazine in actual water, soil, and air samples. The fluorochromes are inherently colored compounds and exhibit good photoluminescence, which is significantly quenched when hydrazine is added in very small quantities. The disappearance of the color and quenching of the photoluminescence signal are attributed to the formation of hydrodiazole <em>via</em> cyclization with hydrazine. A strong linear relationship for detecting hydrazine is observed over the concentration range of 1–5 μM in methanol. The limit of detection (LOD) for hydrazine is observed to be 1.1 μM with 5 μM <strong>3g</strong>. Moreover, the color change of the fluorochrome solution from yellow to colorless can be observed by the naked eye, indicating that these fluorochromes can also be used as a colorimetric sensors for detecting hydrazine at very low concentration. Fluorochrome <strong>3g</strong> was evaluated for its real-time detection ability over a pH range of 4–10, showing excellent efficiency in selectively detecting hydrazine among interfering analytes, and in soil and water samples. A probable mechanism for the detection of hydrazine is also established <em>via</em> spectral study. Additionally, this study describes a straightforward cost-effective probe-coated paper sheet for the detection of hydrazine in the environment and gives further hope for its commercial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 7","pages":" 1629-1642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, environmental behavior, and co-pollution of microplastics with HMs in urban channelized rivers","authors":"Yan Zhang, Jinglu Che and Liu Yang","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00208G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00208G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Complex and frequent anthropogenic activities have released tons of numerous exogenous pollutants into aquatic ecosystems, notably heavy metals (HMs) and microplastics (MPs) in urban channelized rivers. A stereomicroscope, Raman spectroscopy and ICP-MS were employed to systematically investigate the occurrence characteristics, environmental behaviors, and combined pollution effects of microplastics and HMs in urban channelized rivers. The average abundance of microplastics in the urban channelized rivers was (10.1 ± 0.7) items per L, predominantly in fibrous form (54.79%) and with particle sizes &lt;0.5 mm (61.96%), mainly composed of polypropylene (37%) and polyethylene (24%). Compared to Chinese Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002), the exceedance rates of HMs Mn and As in the river water relative to the standard limits were 22.22% and 61.11%, respectively. The average concentrations of HMs in river water were as follows: W-Mn (580.43 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; W-As (184.22 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; W-Cr (168.88 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; W-Cu (157.76 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; W-Ni (153.76 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; W-V (78.03 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; W-Pb (28.54 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; W-Co (15.90 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; W-Cd (9.42 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>). The average concentrations of HMs adsorbed by microplastics in the river followed the order: MP-V (42.37 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; MP-As (22.33 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; MP-Cr (18.97 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; MP-Mn (18.82 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; MP-Pb (13.88 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; MP-Cu (3.41 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; MP-Ni (3.23 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; MP-Co (1.85 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>) &gt; MP-Cd (1.60 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>). The concentration of microplastics adsorbing HMs in river water at the discharge outlets of wastewater treatment plants was significantly higher than at non-discharge sampling sites. The concentration of HMs adsorbed on microplastics is associated with the color, shape, and size of the microplastics. MP-Cr shows a significant negative correlation with W-Cr, while MP-As demonstrates a significant positive correlation with W-As (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Approximately 72.22% of MP-Cd, 16.67% of MP-Pb, and 5.56% of MP-As were identified as posing moderate ecological risks, while the remaining six HMs were classified as low ecological risk. This study recommends enhancing source control, optimizing wastewater treatment processes, and promoting basin-wide joint prevention and control to provide a scientific basis for managing microplastic–heavy metal composite pollution in urban channelized rivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 7","pages":" 1797-1810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid data and knowledge driven approach for determining coagulant dosing in drinking water treatment plants†","authors":"Dongsheng Wang, Chuanzhuang Wang, Jiahao Liu and Yicong Yuan","doi":"10.1039/D5EW00058K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW00058K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The large time-delay in the coagulation process at drinking water treatment plants complicates accurate coagulant dosage determination. In this study, we proposed a Gated Recurrent Unit model enhanced with a local attention mechanism (GRU_LA) to precisely predict the required coagulant dosage and effluent turbidity. These models were integrated into a feed-forward-feedback composite control strategy, forming a data-driven control for coagulant dosing in drinking water treatment plants. Additionally, a hybrid rule-based expert system was also proposed as a knowledge-driven control component and combined with data-driven control to achieve a coagulant dosing system. Experimental results demonstrated that GRU_LA more effectively predicted the turbidity of effluent from the coagulant dosage, achieving a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 1.61% for coagulant dosage and 0.86% for effluent turbidity, with a coefficient of determination (<em>R</em><small>²</small>) of 0.90 and 0.94, respectively. After implementing the coagulant dosing control system in a drinking water treatment plant, the coefficient of variation of effluent turbidity throughout 2023 decreased by 5.58% compared to that of the monthly average in 2021, and the average annual coagulant usage was reduced by 7.83 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, marking a 27.96% decrease and significantly lowering the cost of coagulants.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 7","pages":" 1770-1786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}