Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Biochar applications in microplastic and nanoplastic removal: mechanisms and integrated approaches","authors":"L. S. O. Mota, P. C. O. de Oliveira, B. S. Peixoto, E. S. Bezerra and M. C. de Moraes","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00709C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00709C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are increasingly present in aquatic environments due to their widespread use across various sectors. These contaminants can cause adverse effects on exposed organisms, exacerbated by their potential for bioaccumulation and their ability to transport other pollutants. Conventional water treatment plants are ineffective at removing MPs and NPs, highlighting the need for alternative solutions. In this context, biochar emerges as a promising material for removing MPs and NPs from water due to its advantageous properties, such as high specific surface area, large pore volume, abundance, and versatility. Additionally, producing biochar from biomass waste ensures a low-cost and environmentally sustainable material. This review explores the application of biochar and its composites in the removal of MPs and NPs from water, exploring its applications in adsorption, filtration, and aggregation. The discussion extends to the environmental factors that influence the performance of biochar in water treatment, such as pH, temperature, and the presence of competing contaminants. Furthermore, the potential synergies between biochar and other water treatment technologies, such as coagulation–flocculation and anaerobic granular sludge, are discussed along with methods for regenerating biochar to restore its effectiveness. Notwithstanding, emphasis is also given to the possible drawbacks of negligent use of biochar, such as harmful contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal that may leach from the material. Despite these hindrances, biochar remains a valuable tool in enhancing the efficiency of water treatment systems for MPs and NPs removal, offering a sustainable and efficient approach to water treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 2","pages":" 222-241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging investigator series: a state-of-the-art review on large-scale desalination technologies and their brine management","authors":"Prabakar P., Dyuthi Thampan, S. Karthika, Manthiram Karthik Ravichandran, Aishwarya Subramanian, Aditya Mosur Nagarajan, Rayhan Hussain and Krishanasamy Sivagami","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00662C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00662C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Freshwater scarcity, caused by population growth and climate change, has boosted the demand for desalination technologies. This review examines both thermal- and membrane-based desalination methods, with a particular emphasis on the environmental difficulties posed by brine, a concentrated byproduct of these processes. Novel brine management techniques, such as crystallization and resource recovery, are explored as long-term alternatives to conventional disposal methods, thereby providing opportunities to reduce environmental harm while increasing resource efficiency. Furthermore, this review explores the regulatory frameworks that control brine discharge and discusses the limitations of present technologies, such as the requirement for chemical pretreatment and high membrane replacement costs. By highlighting these aspects, this review provides insights into improving the sustainability and efficiency of desalination techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 2","pages":" 167-195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyamide reverse osmosis membranes modified with graphene oxide for enhanced chlorine attack and fouling resistance","authors":"Ana Luiza S. Assis, Vinicius G. de Castro, Yara L. Brasil, Cláudia K. B. de Vasconcelos, Marcelo M. Viana, Caique P. M. de Oliveira, Glaura G. Silva, Mariana G. Brondi, Miriam Cristina S. Amaral and Eduardo H. M. Nunes","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00727A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00727A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Reverse osmosis (RO) systems are an essential tool for water desalination, but their effectiveness can be hampered by membrane fouling and susceptibility to chemical degradation from free chlorine. Polyamide (PA) membranes, a staple in RO systems, are particularly susceptible to such challenges. In this study, we set out to improve the resistance of PA membranes to chlorine attack and fouling by exploring surface modification with graphene oxide (GO). A variety of deposition techniques have been investigated, including dip coating, spin coating, drop casting, and vacuum filtration. Spin coating with a GO concentration of 1 g L<small>⁻¹</small> in a 70% ethanol–water solvent was found to be the optimal method. This modification, while maintaining a high salt rejection rate (about 97%), resulted in a 16% increase in water permeability (from 3.1 to 3.6 L hm<small>⁻²</small> bar<small>⁻¹</small>) compared to the pristine membrane. In long-term tests using 100 ppm sodium hypochlorite for 21 days, the GO-coated membranes showed only a 69% increase in hydraulic permeability and a 13% decrease in salt rejection. In contrast, the reference membrane experienced a 245% increase in permeability and a 23% decrease in rejection. These improvements hold great promise for reducing energy consumption, minimizing maintenance downtime, and extending the membrane lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 2","pages":" 405-421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and application of GeneXpert rapid testing for respiratory viruses in school wastewater†","authors":"Jingjing Wu, Katherine B. Ensor, Loren Hopkins and Lauren B. Stadler","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00526K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00526K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Schools are considered high-risk areas for the transmission of infectious respiratory diseases and thus could benefit from facility-level wastewater disease surveillance. This study assessed the quantitativeness, reproducibility, and feasibility of the rapid GeneXpert system for monitoring SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV in school wastewater. We developed individual standard curves for each disease target using school wastewater spiked with known concentrations of target viruses to estimate viral concentrations in wastewater. Furthermore, we evaluated and compared the reproducibility of the GeneXpert system results against an established filtration-ddPCR workflow and compared the cost per sample of each method. Results show that the GeneXpert system can detect respiratory viruses in school wastewater. We used GeneXpert to perform daily wastewater monitoring for target respiratory viruses at four schools in Houston, TX, USA, over three months (from November 15, 2022, to February 15, 2023, <em>n</em> = 169). For SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A, we observed no significant differences between the positivity results (detection <em>vs.</em> not detected), and strong relationships between quantitative results from the two methods. The RSV detection using GeneXpert was less reproducible and sensitive, but overall consistent in terms of positive detections with the filtration-ddPCR workflow (90.5% consistent). The GeneXpert represents a cost-effective system for wastewater monitoring for respiratory viruses as compared to the filtration-ddPCR method, particularly when the number of samples is low. This study demonstrates the application of the GeneXpert system for facility-level wastewater surveillance and suggests that it represents an important technology for resource-constrained areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 1","pages":" 64-76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging investigator series: Inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and inhibition of horizontal resistance gene transfer is more effective by 222 than 254 nm UV†","authors":"Yijing Liu and Natalie M. Hull","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00530A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00530A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in water environments pose a large and increasing threat to human health. This work compares the treatment efficiency of different ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths (222 nm KrCl excimer lamp and 254 nm low pressure Hg lamp) for inactivating multidrug antibiotic resistant <em>B. subtilis</em> strain 1A189, damaging its intracellular and extracellular ARGs, and inhibiting HGT of ARGs into non-resistant strain 1A1. The 222 nm wavelength was more effective than 254 nm at inactivation (dose required for 1 log reduction or <em>D</em><small>₁</small> = 4.11 mJ cm<small>⁻²</small> at 222 nm and 8.99 mJ cm<small>⁻²</small> at 254 nm). ARG damage increased with dose and with increasing qPCR amplicon length for both UV wavelengths. Although extracellular ARG damage was similar between wavelengths, intracellular ARG damage was greater at 222 nm than 254 nm. Inhibition of HGT also increased with UV dose for both wavelengths, but was stronger at 222 nm for both extracted DNA (<em>D</em><small>₁</small> 8.57 mJ cm<small>⁻²</small> at 222 nm and 50.23 mJ cm<small>⁻²</small> at 254 nm) and intracellular DNA (<em>D</em><small>₁</small> = 20.14 mJ cm<small>⁻²</small> at 222 nm and 92.90 mJ cm<small>⁻²</small> at 254 nm). When taking into account factors such as electrical efficiency and spectral absorbance that are less favorable for 222 nm, results showed that 222 nm was still more efficient at extracellular HGT inhibition, while 254 nm was more efficient for other assay endpoints. Overall, these comparisons demonstrate the superior mechanistic efficacy of 222 nm over 254 nm UV for disinfecting ARB and for inhibiting transfer of ARG despite similar ARG damage. This information will help inform and improve tools to address the global water challenge of antibiotic resistance to minimize risks to human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 2","pages":" 306-316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d4ew00530a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of a mammalian and avian environmental DNA metabarcoding assay as a tool for fecal pollution source tracking in river waters†","authors":"Akihiko Hata, Yuno Meuchi, Keisuke Kuroda, Kenshi Sankoda and Seiya Hanamoto","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00535J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00535J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Currently, common fecal source identification methods in water environments are based on the detection of host-specific gene markers, such as 16S rRNA gene fractions of <em>Bacteroidales</em> and mitochondrial DNA. However, with this approach, identifying all animals contributing to fecal pollution in a catchment has been a challenge, considering numerous species and populations of animals in the area. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of a metabarcoding approach that comprehensively targets mammalian and avian mitochondrial DNA as an approach to identify animal species potentially contributing to pollution. Surface water samples (<em>n</em> = 108) were collected monthly at five sites in Toyama prefecture, Japan under wet and dry weather conditions for two years. The samples were subjected to the metabarcoding targeting mammalian and avian mitochondrial DNA. Further, human (HF183)-, pig (Pig-2-Bac)-, and ruminant (BacR)-specific gene markers were quantified. Human-like DNA (74 samples) and livestock-like DNA, namely, pig-(66 samples), cattle-(23 samples), and chicken-(52 samples) like DNA were frequently observed. Additionally, DNA associated with wild terrestrial animals, waterfowls, and urban birds commonly found in the study area were observed regardless of the weather conditions. Human- and livestock-like DNAs exhibited similar detection trends to their corresponding markers across sites, though the presence of mitochondrial DNA from non-fecal sources was also suggested. The metabarcoding assay was effective for simultaneously and comprehensively evaluating animal species' potential contributions to fecal pollution. Comparing the stability of animal markers and their DNA in the environment would help to further validate the effectiveness of the assay.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 2","pages":" 365-376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on performance and microbial succession in anaerobic sludge under prolonged exposure to chloroxylenol","authors":"Jingwei Wang, Shuang Shan, Jihong Song, Da Li, Qiao Ma and Shuzhen Li","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00681J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00681J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >With the expanding use of antibacterial and disinfection products, chloroxylenol (<em>para</em>-chloro-<em>meta</em>-xylenol, PCMX) has been detected in various environments, especially in sewage treatment plants. However, the influence of PCMX has received limited attention, with only sporadic studies available. Over a period of 110 days, efforts were undertaken to restore the performance of PCMX-affected anaerobic sludge through the addition of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and the reduction of PCMX concentration. nZVI addition promoted COD removal efficiency under a high PCMX concentration (50.0 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, GH) and accelerated the anaerobic digestion process under a low PCMX concentration (0.5 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, GL). The slow recovery in GH highlighted the difficulty in restoring the functionality of municipal anaerobic sludge under the prolonged influence of high PCMX concentrations. Microbial communities exhibited distinct succession patterns under different treatments. nZVI demonstrated efficacy in mitigating the decline in microbial richness induced by PCMX. Shannon and Pielou evenness and niche breadth increased as the PCMX concentration decreased, suggesting an enhanced restorative capacity of the microbial community when alleviating the stress imposed by PCMX. Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi were predominant functional phyla in the anaerobic digestion process. <em>Olsenella</em>, <em>Rectinema</em>, <em>Desulfovibrio, Azonexus</em>, and <em>Methanobacterium</em> were key genera responding to nZVI and PCMX. PCMX markedly diminished community resistance and resilience, while nZVI mitigated the damage of PCMX on community stability. Altogether, this study contributes to a better understanding of the performance and microbial succession in anaerobic sludge through the addition of nZVI and variations in PCMX concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 2","pages":" 293-305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental application of dicarboxylated hairy cellulose crosslinked with calcium for removal and confining of Pb(ii)†","authors":"T. Montesinos-Vázquez, Carlos Andres Galan-Vidal, Susana Rojas-Lima, José A. Rodríguez and Ma. Elena Páez-Hernández","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00720D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00720D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cellulose can be oxidised with periodate to obtain hairy cellulose, which, thanks to the aldehyde groups, facilitates chemical modification with different functional groups, such as carboxylates, which enhance interaction with various types of analytes. The dicarboxylated product is soluble in water, and in some cases, this is a disadvantage as it can complicate phase separation and quantification of the analyte of interest. Crosslinking with calcium produces an insoluble solid (DCCa) that can be used as a sorbent; therefore, in this work DCCa application in the removal and confinement of Pb(<small>II</small>) was evaluated. The removal process was carried out in a column, optimised with the assistance of a Box–Behnken design and found as optimal conditions: pH 4.3, 15 mg of sorbent and 80 minutes of contact time; with these conditions, it was possible to achieve more than 90% removal of the ion in solution. The process was analysed with a breakthrough curve, and the Yan model showed the best fit to the data; from this, a sorbent capacity of 615.21 mg<small>_Pb</small> g<small>⁻¹</small> was estimated. Interference from other metallic ions was also evaluated, and there was no significant change in removal percentage. Thus, the sorbent removed more than 80% of Pb(<small>II</small>) from industrial synthetic wastewater. Finally, the sorbent capacity as a confining material for lead was evaluated with different lixiviation and sequential extraction techniques; these analyses showed that it is possible to contain more than 98% of the ion in mild conditions (0.11 mol L<small>⁻¹</small> acetic acid and 0.5 mol L<small>⁻¹</small> hydroxylamonium chloride), which makes it a competitive material for the removal and confinement of Pb(<small>II</small>).</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 2","pages":" 341-351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and practical applications of a phosphate capture material with FeO(OH)-loaded polyurethane†","authors":"Hao Li, Ruidong Tao, Zihan Liu, Mengjie Qu, Hui Pan, Mingming Zheng and Yunjun Mei","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00696H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00696H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metal (hydro)oxide particles with efficient phosphate removal properties are widely used in the treatment of eutrophic waters (mainly phosphorus). However, the disadvantages of easy agglomeration and difficult separation limit their application. In this study, a polyurethane sponge (PU) was coated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) to anchor FeO(OH) to prepare a novel functional composite (CFe@PU), which overcame the disadvantages of metal (hydro)oxide particles. The results revealed that the coating process of CMC-Na on the PU surface contributed to loading of FeO(OH) and enhanced the affinity for phosphate. The maximum adsorption capacity of CFe@PU was 21.22 mg phosphate-P per g, which was 1.74 times that of Fe@PU, and the effect of the coating process was significant (<em>P</em> = 0.01). The material displayed remarkable selectivity when exposed to a diverse array of anions and within the pH range of 4–8. The phosphorus removal efficiency by CFe@PU was &gt;71.34% after three regeneration cycles. Investigating the adsorption mechanisms revealed that electrostatic attraction and inner-sphere ligand exchange were involved in the adsorption process. In a lake water experiment, the phosphorus in the CFe@PU treated group decreased from 0.2 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> to 0.004 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, limiting algae growth significantly. These results indicated that CFe@PU was a potential adsorbent in controlling eutrophication.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 2","pages":" 393-404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of human activities and climate change on water quality and health risks of typical urban rivers in arid/semi-arid areas: a ten-year historical analysis†","authors":"Xiang Zhu, Hanjie Zheng, Dezhi Zuo, Qingqing Pang, Lei Xie, Longmian Wang, Jinying Xi, Linfeng Tian, Jing Wu, Wenjuan Jiang, Jiawei Sun, Hongyu Zhao and Jianhua Jin","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00689E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00689E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Water resources are scarce in arid and semi-arid regions. Urban rivers, vital water sources, are susceptible to the influences of climate change and human activities. However, there have been few studies analyzing the responses of water quality and health risks to these factors over long-term scales. This study focused on the Diannong River (Shizuishan section) in the upper reaches of the Yellow River from 2011 to 2020. The results reveal significant declines (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in water quality index (WQI), non-carcinogenic risk (HI), and carcinogenic risk (R) during the study period. Regression models based on corrected Akaike information criterion and partial least squares path models demonstrated that human activities contributed significantly to WQI, HI, and R (78.2–85.9%), exerting positive effects on water quality improvement and health risk reduction. Changes in population, land use, and GDP were identified as core reasons. Economic restructuring played a crucial role in ameliorating water pollution. It is noteworthy that continuous environmental protection funds over the decade did not yield significant beneficial effects. The contribution of climate change ranged from 14.1% to 21.8%. Extreme climate indices, especially the maximum length of wet spell, maximum length of dry spell, and growing season length, exerted negative effects on WQI, HI, and R. Temperature and evaporation only inhibited the decrease in WQI, but not HI and R. Under sustained pressure from urbanization and climate change, similar rivers in arid and semi-arid areas can enhance the security and availability of water resources by controlling GDP, urban and farmland area, and population.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 2","pages":" 352-364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}