Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Multiple barriers for micropollutants in nutrient recovery from centrate – combining membrane bioreactor and electrodialysis†","authors":"Paul Genz, Anna Hendrike Hofmann, Victor Takazi Katayama and Thorsten Reemtsma","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00063C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EW00063C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Centrate from digested sludge dewatering holds promise for nutrient recovery, but concerns about organic and inorganic contaminants must be addressed. This study investigates the effectiveness of a two-stage system in retaining organic micropollutants, metals, and metalloids during recovery of a multi-nutrient solution from centrate. In combination, the lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) and electrodialysis (ED) effectively reduced contaminant loads by &gt;90% for 21 of the monitored 22 organic micropollutants and for six of nine metals and metalloids. The combined process demonstrated resilience to fluctuations in the MBR stage, with a temporary 87% decrease in MBR removal efficiency for carbamazepine translating to only 6% decrease after the ED. Despite this robust performance, individual compounds such as valsartan acid or benzotriazole were detected at around 10–20 μg L<small>⁻¹</small> in the recovered nutrient solution. Zn was present at around 400 μg L<small>⁻¹</small> with the highest concentrations of monitored metals. Still, all metals ranged at least one order of magnitude below recommended values for wastewater reuse. Therefore, the risk associated with contaminant uptake into hydroponically cultivated produce is considered low, given the high retention in the system and the necessary dilution of the multi-nutrient solution before its application as fertilizer. This study demonstrates the effective removal of contaminants by the combination of MBR and ED for nutrient recovery from centrate, achieving a fit-for-purpose quality of the derived multi-nutrient solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ew/d4ew00063c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysis: simultaneous degradation of multiple pollutants with bismuth oxyhalide solid solutions†","authors":"Helena Pérez del Pulgar, Josefa Ortiz-Bustos, Santiago Gómez-Ruiz, Isabel del Hierro and Yolanda Pérez","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00410H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EW00410H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is considered as a sustainable and cost-effective method for water remediation. In aquatic environments, the coexistence of multiple contaminants, such as organic and inorganic compounds, poses a potential threat to both biological organisms and human health, complicating their removal. Despite the urgent need for the development of comprehensive solutions, the research on the concurrent and simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants remains limited primarily relies on photocatalysts based on heterojunctions. To address this issue, we have prepared BiOCl<small>_0.9</small>I<small>_0.1</small> and BiOBr<small>_0.9</small>I<small>_0.1</small> solid solutions, exhibiting well-tailored band gaps and energetics of the conduction and valence bands, using an easy chemical precipitation approach. These synthesized materials exhibited exceptional photocatalytic efficacy under visible light, effectively removing a complex mixture of contaminants, including ciprofloxacin (CIP), methylparaben (MP), and rhodamine B (RhB), from water. Particularly noteworthy was the outstanding performance of BiOCl<small>_0.9</small>I<small>_0.1</small>, which demonstrated a complete removal of RhB within 10 min, CIP within 40 min, and an 86% degradation of MP within 40 min. This superior performance can be attributed to the materials' exceptional optical and (photo)electrochemical properties. Furthermore, the synergistic or antagonistic effects coexisting contaminants, organic matter, and inorganic ions on the photodegradation process were also investigated. Additionally, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the elucidation of the degradation pathways were examined providing valuable insights into the intricate interplay of environmental factors that may have an influence on the photocatalytic performance. Our study shows, therefore, the high potential of BiOCl<small>_0.9</small>I<small>_0.1</small> and BiOBr<small>_0.9</small>I<small>_0.1</small> as promising candidates for the simultaneous removal of diverse water pollutants, offering a robust and efficient approach towards advancing water purification technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ew/d4ew00410h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect by supported activated carbon between functional groups and metal oxygen vacancies: enhancing ibuprofen degradation by improving ozone mass transfer†","authors":"Junda Lai, Zizheng Huangfu, Jiewen Xiao, Zhenbei Wang, Yatao Liu, Chen Li, Fan Li, Yunhan Jia, Qiang Wang, Fei Qi, Amir Ikhlaq, Jolanta Kumirska, Ewa Maria Siedlecka and Oksana Ismailova","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00244J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EW00244J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Catalytic ozonation is an effective method for wastewater purification. However, the low transfer of ozone in packed bubble columns leads to low ozone utilization efficiency, limited organic degradation, and high energy consumption. To address these issues, activated carbon supported catalysts, such as CuMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@WAC and CuMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@CSAC, have been developed, which exhibit excellent catalytic activity, stability, and high ozone utilization efficiency for the degradation of IBP in pharmaceutical wastewater. The addition of CuMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@WAC or CuMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@CSAC significantly increased the removal efficiency of IBP from 85% to 99%, while reducing energy consumption from 2.86 kW h m<small>⁻³</small> to 0.80 kW h m<small>⁻³</small> or 1.11 kW h m<small>⁻³</small>, respectively. Carboxyl groups on the surface of AC and oxygen vacancies on CuMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small> are key active sites for ozone adsorption and decomposition. Additionally, DFT calculations revealed that Mn–O<small>_V</small> sites on CuMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small> play a crucial role in these processes, where ozone is adsorbed and decomposed into atomic oxygen and peroxide. The synergy between activated carbon supported CuMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small> enhances mass transfer and promotes ozone decomposition, generating highly reactive species that effectively degrade IBP in pharmaceutical wastewater. Overall, utilizing activated carbon supported CuMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small> for catalytic ozonation presents a promising approach for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of composite alginate bead media with encapsulated sorptive materials and microorganisms to bioaugment green stormwater infrastructure†","authors":"Debojit S. Tanmoy and Gregory H. LeFevre","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00289J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EW00289J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) is being increasingly implemented in urban areas as a nature-based solution to improve water quality and increase groundwater recharge. Nevertheless, GSI is inefficient at removing many trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) and dissolved nutrients, potentially risking groundwater contamination. We developed and characterized novel engineered geomedia to rapidly capture stormwater pollutants <em>via</em> sorption, including TOrCs and dissolved nutrients, while bioaugmenting microorganisms to subsequently degrade captured contaminants in GSI. We created “BioSorp Bead” geomedia by encapsulating powdered activated carbon [PAC] (sorbent), iron-based water treatment residual [FeWTR] (density, sorbent), wood flour [WF] (growth substrate), white-rot-fungi [WRF] (model biodegrading organism), and AQDS (model electron shuttle) in cation-alginate matrices (Ca<small>²⁺</small>, Fe<small>³⁺</small>). We thoroughly mixed WRF culture with autoclaved PAC, FeWTR, AQDS, and WF in 1% alginate. This mixture was added dropwise <em>via</em> peristaltic pump into 270.3 mM CaCl<small>₂</small>/FeCl<small>₃</small> (on a platform shaker) to instantaneously form beads that were then air-dried. Encapsulated fungi remained viable in dried beads over an extended period (3 months at room temperature), demonstrating potential for bioaugmentation applications. We quantified bead physical properties (<em>i.e.</em>, surface area, pore volume, mechanical strength, swelling, leaching), demonstrating that properties can be customized by adjusting composition parameters (<em>e.g.</em>, crosslinking with FeCl<small>₃</small><em>vs.</em> CaCl<small>₂</small> increased bead mechanical strength). We also conducted preliminary sorption experiments to evaluate capture potential for imidacloprid (neonicotinoid insecticide) from synthetic stormwater runoff. The envisioned goal of the BioSorp Beads is to facilitate rapid contaminant capture during infiltration of storm events and support microorganisms that subsequently degrade sorbed chemicals, thus renewing GSI sorption capacity <em>in situ</em>.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ew/d4ew00289j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the dye adsorption capability of Moringa oleifera functionalized hybrid porous MOF–GO composites: in vitro and in silico ecotoxicity assessment via antibacterial and molecular docking studies†","authors":"Anil Kumar K., Arpit Bisoi, Yeshwanth M., Shobham, Mohan Jujaru, Jitendra Panwar and Suresh Gupta","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00185K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EW00185K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The present study demonstrated the synthesis of sustainable and eco-friendly composites composed of Fe &amp; Al metal–organic frameworks (Fe-MOF and Al-MOF) and their graphene oxide composites (AlGC and FeGC). Post-synthetic surface functionalization of developed composites was done with <em>Moringa oleifera</em> leaves powder extract. The synthesized MOFs and composites were characterized using standard techniques. The ability of synthesized MOFs and composites to remove methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes from wastewater was evaluated. Based on the higher dye removal ability, detailed dye adsorption studies were performed with functionalized composites (AlGC and FeGC). Taguchi optimization design was utilized to optimize the four testing factors, <em>viz.</em> contact time, initial dye concentration, composite dosage, and temperature, along with five levels for each factor to achieve the highest capacity for dye adsorption. The composites exhibited outstanding equilibrium adsorption capacities for MO (AlGC: 577 ± 37 and FeGC: 631 ± 42 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>) and MB (AlGC: 336 ± 13 and FeGC: 387 ± 7 mg g<small>⁻¹</small>) dyes, which are found to be the highest among the reported composites so far. Applying isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic models confirmed the spontaneous, endothermic reactions for the physisorption of both dyes. The regeneration studies showed more than ∼65% dye removal efficiency of both the composites up to three adsorption–desorption cycles, which confirms their reusability at the industrial scale. The environmental toxicity of developed composites was analyzed by antibacterial studies against selected ecologically important soil bacteria as well as by molecular docking studies against protein targets of selected microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ew/d4ew00185k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Removal rate constants are not necessarily constant: the case of organic micropollutant removal in wastewater treatment plants","authors":"Tamara J. H. M. van Bergen, A. M. Schipper, D. Mooij, A. M. J. Ragas, M. W. Kuiper, A. J. Hendriks, M. A. J. Huijbregts and R. van Zelm","doi":"10.1039/D4EW90025A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EW90025A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Removal rate constants are not necessarily constant: the case of organic micropollutant removal in wastewater treatment plants’ by Tamara J. H. M. van Bergen <em>et al.</em>, <em>Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.</em>, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00377B.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ew/d4ew90025a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a powdered activated charcoal sodium alginate hydrogel bead concentration method for detecting viruses in wastewater","authors":"Madison Gouthro, Emalie K. Hayes, Naomi Lewis, Megan Fuller, Jamileh Shojaei, John Frampton, Amina K. Stoddart, Graham A. Gagnon","doi":"10.1039/d4ew00370e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ew00370e","url":null,"abstract":"Existing techniques for concentrating viruses from wastewater are often time consuming, costly, and usually involve cumbersome laboratory methods, limiting their practical application for routine use. As such, the need for simpler concentration methods that do not forfeit efficacy are crucial for permitting more accessible detection of viruses from wastewater. This study introduces a rapid concentration method using powdered activated charcoal sodium alginate (PAC-NaA) hydrogel beads, optimized for capturing viruses from wastewater. Through scanning electron microscopy and bench-scale experiments, we optimized hydrogel bead formulation and identified a Tween®20-based buffer as the most effective elution buffer for recovering SARS-CoV-2 from the hydrogel beads. Kinetic adsorption parameters were also evaluated, establishing a 5 min exposure duration for maximum viral recovery. Model fitting of the experimental data indicated that the adsorption process adheres to a non-linear pseudo-second-order model, indicative of physiochemical adsorption mechanisms likely facilitating viral capturing from wastewater. Additionally, successful detection of endogenous SARS-CoV-2 and Adenovirus was achieved using the PAC-NaA hydrogel concentration method. The advantages of this approach lie in its adaptability and simplicity, as hydrogel beads can be modified to enhance viral adsorption efficiency in various environmental contexts.","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved methanogenesis from aqueous pyrolysis liquid (APL) by inoculum selection and pre-ozonation†","authors":"Saba Seyedi, Kaushik Venkiteshwaran and Daniel Zitomer","doi":"10.1039/D3EW00768E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3EW00768E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Aqueous pyrolysis liquid (APL) from municipal wastewater solids (WWS) pyrolysis has a high chemical oxygen demand and diverse organics (N-heterocyclic, aromatic, and phenolic compounds) that can potentially introduce hazardous chemicals to the environment or result in disposal expenses. Therefore, new APL management and energy recovery strategies would be beneficial. The anaerobic degradability of APLs originating from WWS pyrolyzed at 500 and 700 °C was investigated under varying pre-ozonation conditions and by using four distinct inocula. The 700 °C APL was more toxic to anaerobic microorganisms in batch anaerobic toxicity assays and pre-ozonation decreased the toxicity as demonstrated by increased subsequent methane production rates (10–55% increase). The 500 °C APL did not show toxicity under the conditions tested and ozonation had limited impact on subsequent methane production. Microbial communities of two of the inocula demonstrated small shifts during APL digestion compared to the other two, suggesting potential acclimation of the initial inoculum to APL-like constituents. This study highlights that both APL pre-ozonation and type of inocula can significantly affect the anaerobic toxicity response to APL. While anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater-derived APL is viable, pyrolysis temperature, organic loading rates, pretreatment and microbial community composition play important roles in biogas production.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process intensification in the fields to separate, recycle and reuse waste through membrane technology","authors":"Swapna Rekha Panda, Sudeep Asthana, Krunal Suthar, Arvind S. Madalgi, Amit Kumar, Haresh Dave, Rakesh Kumar Sinha, Koshal Kishor and Ahmad F. Ismail","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00306C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EW00306C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recycling and reusing wastewater from diverse industries by adopting the simple dynamics of process intensification (PI) have emerged as a promising development route for the chemical process industry due to their potential to offer innovative and sustainable alternatives. This review summarizes the routes for recycling wastewater <em>via</em> various processes and separation techniques, which can be implemented at different scales, such as the phenomenon scale and task scale. Recent trends in process intensification have highlighted the importance of the widespread adoption of membrane-based processes owing to their low cost, compactness, energy efficiency, modularity and sustainable operation. Various intensifying approaches such as membrane-based, reactive, and hybrid separation and the intensification of various types of membrane systems, including liquid, vapor and gas separation steps such as pervaporation and vapor permeation while covering a wide range of operations and other processes for wastewater treatment are presented in this review. According to the literature, the advantages of PI for industrial application include cost reduction, increased safety, reduced emissions and environmental footprint, and improved resource efficiency using energy and water resources more efficiently. Overall, herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of recycling and reusing steps using the process intensification route from an engineering perspective, focusing on sustainable membrane-based techniques using hybrid and integrated technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141525932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater-based protocols for SARS-CoV-2: insights into virus concentration, extraction, and quantitation methods from two years of public health surveillance†","authors":"Dagmara S. Antkiewicz, Kayley H. Janssen, Adélaïde Roguet, Hannah E. Pilch, Rebecca B. Fahney, Paige A. Mullen, Griffin N. Knuth, Devin G. Everett, Evelyn M. Doolittle, Kaitlyn King, Carter Wood, Angellica Stanley, Jocelyn D. C. Hemming and Martin M. Shafer","doi":"10.1039/D3EW00958K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3EW00958K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development and application of wastewater-based disease surveillance (WBS) as a tool for public health practice. The wide variety of WBS methods currently in use hinders the ability to compare data between different laboratories and limits the potential of nationwide surveillance programs. In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis to identify among widely used concentration, extraction and quantification methods, which ones would perform well for WBS of SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated electronegative filtration, one of the traditional methods applied early in the pandemic, to other methods including direct capture, magnetic affinity particles and PEG. Our results indicated that these alternative concentration methods quantify SARS-CoV-2 just as effective if not better compared to membrane filtration. We also identified the effect that filtration flow rate, volume filtered, and bead beating parameters have on viral target recovery. The evaluation of different extraction methods demonstrated that an automatic paramagnetic bead-based method performs better than the column-based method tested. In addition, we compared the quantification between RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR, and while both perform well, we documented that RT-dPCR has a lower LOD and can provide more accurate data. Lastly, we compared three weeks of side-by-side wastewater surveillance by two different, but currently commonly applied approaches: HA filtration quantified by RT-qPCR and Ceres Nanotrap® Microbiome A Particles quantified by RT-dPCR. On average, we found a 3.6-fold difference in SARS-CoV-2 levels between the two approaches and observed that the N1 : N2 ratio was closer to one with Nanotrap® particle concentration quantified by RT-dPCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ew/d3ew00958k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}