Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Solar-powered electrocoagulation for the removal of atrazine with and without microplastics†","authors":"Bishwatma Biswas, Anju Joshy and Sudha Goel","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00809J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00809J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Emerging contaminants, particularly pesticides and microplastics (MPs), pose a substantial risk to both human beings and ecosystems. While atrazine (ATZ) and MPs have been found to coexist in environmental media, limited studies have investigated their combined interaction and removal. Moreover, the application of electrocoagulation (EC) for simultaneously addressing these contaminants remains unexplored. This study was conducted with ATZ concentration (3–20 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>), where the effects of electrode materials, current density, pH, and supporting electrolyte concentration were analysed. In general, the removal kinetics for ATZ were best described by the first-order model for both Al and Cu electrodes. The ATZ removal efficiencies were evaluated in real water matrices and found to be 79.85 ± 1.03, 75.92 ± 1.25, 70.58 ± 1.49, 68.09 ± 1.10, and 64.42 ± 2.25% in distilled deionized water, ground, lake, river, and wastewater, respectively using Cu electrodes. Removal of ATZ was higher (84.52 ± 1.04%) in the presence of microplastics as they served as coagulant aids. The effect of polarity reversal was examined to reduce anode fouling during electrolysis and longer intervals of 10 min yielded higher removal efficiencies than intervals of 5 min or no polarity reversal. This research found that EC is an economical and sustainable solution to pesticide and MP pollution in aquatic ecosystems. This study advances Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by enhancing clean water access (SDG 6), promoting health through pollutant removal (SDG 3), and using solar power as an energy source to run the reactor is aligned with SDG 7.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 4","pages":" 942-958"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivity of various halogenating agents toward different substrates in electrophilic substitution reactions: a computational study†","authors":"Wenjie Huang, Yong Dong Liu and Rugang Zhong","doi":"10.1039/D4EW01044B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW01044B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >More and more halogenating agents have been identified in disinfection systems; however, quantifying their reactivity remains challenging. In this study, 18 electrophiles, including 11 halogenating agents (H), 4 halogenated amines (HA), and 3 sulfonylating/acylating (S/A) agents, as well as 12 substrates containing 5 <em>C</em>-reactive compounds (<em>C</em>-), 6 <em>N</em>-reactive amines (<em>N</em>-), and 1 <em>O</em>-reactive alcohol (<em>O</em>-) were chosen to explore their reactivity in electrophilic substitution reactions using the DFT method. The results indicated that the reactivity of electrophiles was highly sensitive to the hardness (energy gap <em>E</em><small>_LUMO–HOMO</small> as a descriptor) of the substrate. Among the electrophiles, HA generally exhibited the lowest reactivity, except for NH<small>₂</small>Br with some substrates. For the soft <em>C</em>-substrates, the reactivity of H was higher than that of S/A; however, as the hardness of substrates increased, the reactivity of S/A surpassed that of some/all H for hard <em>N</em>- and <em>O</em>-substrates. Interestingly, alcohol, the hardest substrate tested in this study, shared the same reactivity order as phenolate, the softest substrate, in reactions with H, which was X–X′/OX′/OX &gt;/≈ X–X &gt; X–OH and HOI &gt; HOBr &gt; HOCl, but the rate constant <em>k</em><small>_est</small> was lower by 7–17 orders of magnitude. However, the order was Cl- &gt; Br- &gt; I-agents for the medium aliphatic amine-<em>N</em> substrates. This explains the experimentally observed differences in halogenated product generation from various electrophiles. The results provide valuable insights into the reactivity of various electrophiles and substrates, providing a theoretical reference for choosing appropriate disinfectants based on the types of substrates present in water.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 4","pages":" 982-993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in thin film composite (TFC) membrane development: materials and modification methods","authors":"Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh, Abhinav Kumar, Tawfeeq Alghazali, Subbulakshmi Ganesan, Aman Shankhyan, Girish Chandra Sharma, Kandi Satyam Naidu and Masoud Rahbari-Sisakht","doi":"10.1039/D4EW01011F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW01011F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The interfacial polymerization method of thin film composite membrane fabrication represents a major development in the field, which has enabled outstanding success in preparing membranes with desired flux and salt rejection properties, drawing the significant attention of industry circles. Indeed, over the past decade, industries and academia have, respectively, made tremendous efforts to improve thin film composite membranes in terms of productivity, selectivity, and resistance to chlorine, solvents, and fouling. The current article, after a brief overview of the historical development of thin film composite membranes, examines recent scientific and technological developments in the research of thin film composite membranes, especially in separation processes related to water. These developments have to be evaluated in order to provide insights that will guide future advancements and hopefully expand applications into more complex fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 5","pages":" 1059-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High levels of antibiotics released by a pharmaceutical manufacturer negatively impacted wastewater treatment plant performance†","authors":"Chantal A. Keane, Jinglong Li, Jiaying Li, Jochen F. Mueller, Jake W. O'Brien and Rory Verhagen","doi":"10.1039/D4EW01032A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW01032A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent compliance relies heavily on the performance of biological treatment processes. Biological treatment processes can be compromised by toxic shock events such as upstream spills of high concentrations and/or loads of hydrocarbons and other chemicals from industry wastewater (trade waste). A toxic shock event was observed in the biological treatment at a WWTP, causing untreated wastewater to contaminate the receiving environment. None of the routinely monitored wastewater parameters like heavy metals and organic compounds could be linked to the event. In this study, we investigated the associations between intermittent pulses of elevated concentrations of antibiotics in the influent and toxic shocks to biological wastewater treatment processes. 22 influent samples were analysed for 102 antibiotics and their metabolites. Chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen removal efficiencies in the WWTP's biological treatment process were significantly negatively correlated with concentrations of antibiotics. Seven antibiotics exceeded their predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) during this timeframe, also exceeding risk quotients of one to be a likely risk of toxic effects on the WWTP. The combination of correlation and risk quotients exceeding one demonstrated that antibiotics caused the toxic shock event at the WWTP.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 4","pages":" 903-913"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of inoculum percentage and hydrogen supply on hydrogenotrophic denitrification driven by anaerobic granular sludge†","authors":"Emanuele Marino, Armando Oliva, Stefano Papirio, Giovanni Esposito and Francesco Pirozzi","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00776J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00776J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogenotrophic denitrification (H<small>₂</small>Den) is an encouraging biological technology to remove nitrate (NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>) from supply water with a low carbon/nitrogen ratio or in the absence of organic carbon. This study provides important insights into the use of anaerobic granular sludge for NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> removal from a synthetic water with an initial concentration of 200 mg NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> L<small>⁻¹</small> (<em>i.e.</em>, 45.2 mg NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>-N L<small>⁻¹</small>). This study investigated the effect of the inoculum input, expressed as percentage of reactor filling, <em>i.e.</em>, 10% <em>vs.</em> 20% <em>vs.</em> 40% (v/v) by the anaerobic granular sludge, as well as the hydrogen (H<small>₂</small>) supply, <em>i.e.</em>, stoichiometric <em>vs.</em> 50% excess <em>vs.</em> 100% excess, on the H<small>₂</small>Den process. Coupling 10% (v/v) inoculum percentage with 100% excess of H<small>₂</small> supply was the most favourable condition, ensuring a NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> removal efficiency of up to 96%. Indeed, a 10% (v/v) inoculum percentage ensured the maximal denitrification rate, reaching 6.0 mg NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small> g<small>⁻¹</small> VS d<small>⁻¹</small>, which was further enhanced when increasing the H<small>₂</small> dosage. Despite the great potential, this study also highlighted possible drawbacks of the anaerobic granular sludge-driven H<small>₂</small>Den process, such as nitrite (NO<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small>) accumulation as a denitrification intermediate. On the other hand, the release of gaseous denitrification intermediates such as N<small>₂</small>O and NO was negligible under most of the investigated experimental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 3","pages":" 768-780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d4ew00776j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of PF6− accelerated by H+ or Al3+ in aqueous solution","authors":"Takuto Miyashita, Kouji Yasuda and Tetsuya Uda","doi":"10.1039/D5EW90007G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EW90007G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of PF<small>₆</small><small>⁻</small> accelerated by H<small>⁺</small> or Al<small>³⁺</small> in aqueous solution’ by Takuto Miyashita <em>et al.</em>, <em>Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.</em>, 2025, <strong>11</strong>, 281–292, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00758A.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 3","pages":" 781-781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d5ew90007g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient extraction of polystyrene nanoplastics from water using an ionic liquid†","authors":"Ashish Srivastava, Sudhir Ravula, Jason E. Bara and Milad Rabbani Esfahani","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00909F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00909F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nanoplastics (NPs) are garnering attention as an emerging type of plastic pollutant capable of causing detrimental effects on terrestrial, marine, and human health. Traditional water treatment methodologies, such as coagulation and flocculation, have shown limited effectiveness in eliminating different types of NPs. Ionic liquid-based liquid–liquid extraction (IL-LLE) stands out as a promising separation technique with notable potential for the effective removal of NPs in water treatment. In the current investigation, we present the use of the IL 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bistriflimide ([C<small>₈</small>mim][Tf<small>₂</small>N]) for the removal of three distinct polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs), including commercial PSNPs (∼70 nm), PSNPs synthesized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (∼168 nm), and PSNPs synthesized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (∼190 nm). The mass transfer behavior and mechanism of the removal process were examined under different pH, ionic strength, and water matrices to cover realistic conditions. The extraction procedure demonstrated an efficacy of &gt;99% in removing commercial PSNPs and &gt;95% for synthesized PSNPs. Finally, the performance of IL on the removal of PSNPs in real freshwater (Lake Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA) was examined, demonstrating a removal rate &gt;94% for CPS, 86% for PS-SDS, and 79% for PS-PVP, confirming the effectiveness of the treatment under real-world conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 5","pages":" 1151-1162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioremediation of uranium contaminated sites through the formation of U(vi) phosphate (bio)minerals†","authors":"Callum Robinson, Sam Shaw, Jonathan R. Lloyd, James Graham and Katherine Morris","doi":"10.1039/D4EW00846D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00846D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Operations at uranium (U)-mining and nuclear facilities have left a global legacy of significant radionuclide contamination in groundwaters which must be managed to minimize environmental harm. Uranium groundwater contamination is present at several sites globally, including Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Hanford, USA and Sellafield nuclear site, UK. <em>In situ</em> phosphate biomineralisation offers a promising method for radionuclide (including <small>⁹⁰</small>Sr and U) remediation at these sites. Typically, phosphate-generating amendments are injected into the subsurface to sequester select radionuclides in groundwaters by precipitation of poorly soluble Ca-phosphate phases and subsequent adsorption and/or incorporation of radionuclides to these poorly soluble phases, a remediation route being explored for both U and <small>⁹⁰</small>Sr. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms of U-phosphate precipitation in two phosphate-generating amendments (Ca-citrate/Na-phosphate and glycerol phosphate) under conditions relevant to Sellafield, UK. Using aerobic batch sediment experiments, we show both Ca-citrate/Na-phosphate and glycerol phosphate amendments are effective at enhancing removal of U(<small>VI</small>) from representative groundwaters (from 94% to &gt;97%). Aqueous geochemical data coupled to speciation modelling highlighted that precipitation of U(<small>VI</small>) phosphate phases was the likely mechanism of U(<small>VI</small>) removal from groundwaters. Further X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis of solids confirmed U was present as a highly insoluble uranyl orthophosphate-like phase after treatment with both Ca-citrate/Na-phosphate and glycerol phosphate amendments. These data provide underpinning information on U-phosphate remediation in Sellafield relevant conditions thus expanding the range of treatment options for radionuclide contaminated groundwaters and defining the transport and fate of U during phosphate biomineralisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 3","pages":" 725-736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ew/d4ew00846d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the adsorption performance of calcium-rich biochar on CDOM from actual rifapentine pharmaceutical wastewater using spectroscopic techniques†","authors":"Jiali Liu, Qian Wen, Maoyun Xu, Yuhuan Wu and Xujing Guo","doi":"10.1039/D4EW01002G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW01002G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The use of calcium-rich biochar as a sustainable and low-cost adsorbent prepared from crab shells is an effective resource utilization method. Crab shell biochar (CSB) was used to adsorb chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from actual rifapentine pharmaceutical wastewater (RPWW). Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in combination with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) were used to investigate the adsorption performance and mechanism of CDOM components. Results showed that CSB had the best adsorption effect on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of RPWW (pH 7.0, COD = 100 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) when the biochar dosage was 1.2 g L<small>⁻¹</small>, and the removal rate of COD reached 75.33%. The removal rate of fluorescent components, including protein-like (284 nm), fulvic-like (367 and 375 nm), and humic-like (390, 402, 422, 430, 465, and 490 nm) substances, ranged from 59.77% to 81.88% when the COD was &lt;200 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>. Substances correlated to peaks at 334 nm (fulvic-like), 367 nm (fulvic-like) and 422 nm (humic-like) play an important role in the adsorption of biochar to rifampicin in wastewater, showing strong correlation coefficients. 2D-COS analysis indicated that humic-like substances at 422 nm could be preferentially removed by biochar adsorption, while the removal of fulvic-like substances at 334 nm showed a lag. Meanwhile, substances corresponding to the band at 1450 cm<small>⁻¹</small> (<em>e.g.</em> carboxyl <em>δ</em><small>_O–H</small> and alkane <em>δ</em><small>_{CH<small>₃</small>}</small>) could preferentially participate in adsorption, suggesting that the π–π EDA effect and the formation of hydrogen bonds are a potential adsorption mechanism. The present study provides valuable insights into the development of efficient technologies for the treatment of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 4","pages":" 914-924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of natural zeolite-filled recycled PVDF filters and their application for gray water treatment†","authors":"Ayşenur Katırcı, Seniyecan Kahraman and Filiz Uğur Nigiz","doi":"10.1039/D4EW01070A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW01070A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, clinoptilolite (Clp)-doped poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes (1–4 wt%) were prepared using an electrospinning method. Further, filtration tests on the simulated gray water components were investigated. Methylene blue (MB), linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), oil (soybean oil), and microplastic (MP) filtration were performed. MB filtration with the PVDF membrane resulted in over 99% of MB rejection. Oil rejection with the PVDF membrane without Clp was observed to be 95%, while the addition of Clp increased the oil rejection to over 99%. It was observed that LAS rejection increased as the Clp content increased. MP rejection using PVDF-based membranes was 100%. Considering all the test results, the membrane containing 3 wt% Clp showed the best performance, and the process parameters and rejection efficiencies were determined through experimental optimization. Synthetic gray water analyses included the chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). COD rejection was 63.1%, while turbidity rejection was 97.2%.</p>","PeriodicalId":75,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology","volume":" 3","pages":" 639-654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}