Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung最新文献_第4页

Trends in clinical hemapheresis 1986. Progress report on the 4th annual meeting of the European Society for Hemapheresis. 临床采血趋势1986。欧洲采血学会第四届年会进展报告。

Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung Pub Date : 1987-09-01

U E Nydegger, P Vaudaux, D Castelli

{"title":"Trends in clinical hemapheresis 1986. Progress report on the 4th annual meeting of the European Society for Hemapheresis.","authors":"U E Nydegger, P Vaudaux, D Castelli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"After a rather long initial period fraught with difficulties, plasma exchange has become an adjunct to the treatment of numerous diseases, such as hyperviscosity syndrome, where it alleviates disease symptoms, hemophilia due to inhibitors to clotting factor VIII, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, rapidly progressing and Goodpasture glomerulonephritis, myasthenia gravis and Guillain Barré syndrome. In addition, plateletpheresis has also grown from being a procedure of experimental clinical application to one of practical routine importance; at the Berne University Hospital, approximately 25% of all transfused platelets in 1986 were apheresis platelets, a proportion that elsewhere may reach 40%. Despite the successes so far obtained with apheresis, many aspects of this therapy remain to be reconsidered. Improvement of donor-recipient matching and of yield in plateletpheresis, better selection of replacement fluids, and increased donor and patient safety and comfort may further strengthen the value of apheresis in therapeutic protocols. This was the major background for the scientific program of the 4th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Hemapheresis that was assembled to shed light on those aspects of the apheresis field which are still unclear. A total of 31 lectures and 76 individual contributions were debated by 280 participants from Europe and overseas. The present essay is a review of the highlights of this meeting, the main lectures of which were published in Plasma Therapy and Transfusion Technology, vol. 7, 1986.","PeriodicalId":75931,"journal":{"name":"Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung","volume":"14 Suppl 4 ","pages":"4-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14249914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Status of carnitine in clinical nutrition. An explanatory trial]. 肉碱在临床营养学中的地位。解释性试验]。

Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung Pub Date : 1987-09-01

H Böhles

引用次数: 0

Significance of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in nutritional support. 二十碳五烯酸(EPA)在营养支持中的意义。

Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung Pub Date : 1987-09-01 DOI: 10.1159/000226212

H C Meng

{"title":"Significance of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in nutritional support.","authors":"H C Meng","doi":"10.1159/000226212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000226212","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the fatty acid profile of plasma total lipids in patients maintained on TPN were determined in 2 studies. In the first study, 20 newborns, 2-25 days of age, receiving comparable nitrogen, calories and fat were divided into 2 groups of 10 in each. A safflower oil emulsion (Liposyn 20%) containing no alpha-linolenic acid was given to the Group 1 subjects, while a modified emulsion containing 3% of alpha-linolenic acid in safflower oil supplying 5.6% of total calories was given to those of Group 2. Plasma alpha-linolenic acid of the Group 1 infants was 0 throughout. The decrease in EPA and DHA was 85% and 65%, respectively, after 10-15 days of therapy. In the subjects of Group 2, there was an increase in both alpha-linolenic acid and EPA. A similar decrease (63%) in DHA similar to that of Group 1 infants was observed. In the second study, results of 2 representative adult patients are reported. One patient was given a soybean oil emulsion (Intralipid, 10%) that contains 7-8% of alpha-linolenic acid in the oil, furnishing about 11% of total calories. The other patient received a safflower oil emulsion (Liposyn, 10%) that contains no alpha-linolenic acid. Each patient received 500 ml of the respective emulsion daily for 3 weeks. The plasma alpha-linolenic acid of the patient who received the safflower oil emulsion remained 0 throughout. EPA showed a 67% decrease in 21 days. DHA remained at low levels throughout.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":75931,"journal":{"name":"Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung","volume":"14 Suppl 3 ","pages":"51-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000226212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13962925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New developments in lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition. 肠外营养用脂质乳剂的新进展。

Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung Pub Date : 1987-09-01 DOI: 10.1159/000226174

L Ekman, A Wretlind, L Moldawer

{"title":"New developments in lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition.","authors":"L Ekman, A Wretlind, L Moldawer","doi":"10.1159/000226174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000226174","url":null,"abstract":"More than one thousand publications have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of today's lipid emulsions including long chain fatty acids under experimental and clinical conditions. This has resulted in a general acceptance of a dual energy system comprising both carbohydrates and lipids as non-protein calories in total parenteral nutrition. Non-carnitine-dependent fatty acid has been suggested as a superior energy source in clinical situations where carnitine may be in the subnormal range. A medium chain triglyceride (MCT) emulsion would provide an energy source with a more readily oxidizable substrate. The tolerance of MCT is less than that of long chain triglyceride (LCT), whereby only physical mixtures of these emulsions will be used in humans. A structured lipid (SL) is a triglyceride which includes both medium and long chained fatty acids within the same triglyceride. Emulsions including SL have demonstrated a decreased protein energy expenditure and increased serum albumin in burned animal. The SL has also been superior to LCT emulsions in stimulating muscle protein synthesis and maintaining body weight in hepatectomized animals. These positive effects on protein kinetics have been concomitant with a lower RES involvement during septicemia in burned guinea pigs. Emulsions including fatty acids with odd-number carbons give a possibility to provide a fat emulsion which also could contribute positively to the glucose homeostasis. The omega-3 family of fatty acids has demonstrated a potential pharmacologic effect with regard to their ability to decrease blood viscosity and improve survival rate in endotoxin shock in an experimental model. These observations have been ascribed to changes in thromboxin A2 levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":75931,"journal":{"name":"Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung","volume":"14 Suppl 3 ","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000226174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14249913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

[Fat emulsions: principles of pathophysiologic effects and clinical applications]. 脂肪乳:病理生理作用原理及临床应用

Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung Pub Date : 1987-09-01

A Grünert

{"title":"[Fat emulsions: principles of pathophysiologic effects and clinical applications].","authors":"A Grünert","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Modern fat emulsions are being applied with increasing frequently in clinical nutrition. The adverse reactions observed at the beginning of the development of fat emulsions had a strong negative influence on the use of such preparations. In this study, modern fat emulsions are presented and characterized on the basis of the huge amount of experimental and clinical data and knowledge gained to date. The profile of applications has changed drastically during the last few years, especially due to the results of membrane studies, because fatty acid derivatives have been discovered to be important parts of such structures. This knowledge has enhanced the area of indications which before were determined by the energetical aspects and the essentiality of fatty acids only. As a remarkable development we discuss the changed basis of indications, which moved from the simple presence of a specific nosological entity such as renal failure or sepsis to criteria of blood substrate composition for proving and selecting indications. Pharmacokinetic studies are presented which have provided data for physiological dosages. As influencing factors apart from hormonal constellations and pathophysiological functions of posttraumatic metabolism, body weight is discussed in respect to concentrations of triglycerides in plasma. On the basis of our clinical studies on applications of fat emulsions in intensive-care patients, preconditions are defined which must be considered before the use of fat. Finally, pathophysiological interactions between carbohydrate- and fat metabolism result in an analytical control system which is proposed for the surveillance of fat applications especially in destabilized intensive-care patients.","PeriodicalId":75931,"journal":{"name":"Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung","volume":"14 Suppl 3 ","pages":"10-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14250673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Side-effects of cytapheresis with cell separators. 用细胞分离器进行细胞分离的副作用。

Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung Pub Date : 1987-09-01 DOI: 10.1159/000226201

P Höcker, A Wagner

引用次数: 0

Safety of apheresis donation. 采血捐献的安全性。

Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung Pub Date : 1987-09-01 DOI: 10.1159/000226205

I J Sniecinski

{"title":"Safety of apheresis donation.","authors":"I J Sniecinski","doi":"10.1159/000226205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000226205","url":null,"abstract":"Platelet and granulocyte collections have been done for the past 15 years, and studies on the safety of these procedures have been carried out in many institutions in the USA and abroad. In general, no long-term harmful effects have been observed in donors who had undergone frequent cytapheresis. Significant decreases in donor platelet count were noted following repeated platelet apheresis. However, only a few donors became thrombocytopenic (platelet count less than 150,000/microliter). Interestingly enough, if the donor was allowed time to recover a normal platelet count, subsequent repeated platelet collection did not induce thrombocytopenia. Rebound of platelets has also been a common finding. Intensive granulocyte collections have not reduced the number of circulating granulocytes, nor has there been any report of leukopenia in donors who had undergone frequent leukocytapheresis. The limiting factor has been the need for hydroxyethyl starch as a sedimenting agent and corticosteroids to stimulate the granulocyte release from the marrow, which have known adverse effects of their own. No significant changes in plasma proteins and other biochemical and hematological parameters have been reported in cytapheresis donors. There is widely-held concern that because the collections of platelets and granulocytes are not selective to the exclusion of lymphocytes, the repeated cytapheresis may deplete the circulating lymphocytes with theoretical risk associated with long-term alterations of the immune response. In addition, if a significant number of red blood cells are removed, the frequent apheresis donations may render the donor anemic. Because of these theoretical risks, recommendations have been formulated in the USA in an attempt to ensure the safety of apheresis donors.","PeriodicalId":75931,"journal":{"name":"Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung","volume":"14 Suppl 4 ","pages":"52-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000226205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14799034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

[Essential fatty acids in parenteral nutrition]. [肠外营养中的必需脂肪酸]。

Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung Pub Date : 1987-09-01

G Wolfram

引用次数: 0

[Clinical studies with fat emulsions containing LCT and MCT]. [含LCT和MCT脂肪乳的临床研究]。

Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung Pub Date : 1987-09-01

J Eckart, G Neeser, M Adolph, S Hailer, G Wolfram

{"title":"[Clinical studies with fat emulsions containing LCT and MCT].","authors":"J Eckart, G Neeser, M Adolph, S Hailer, G Wolfram","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to supply energy carriers with a high utilization rate specifically in parenteral nutrition during postaggression metabolism, fat emulsions were developed containing long- and medium-chained triglycerides in a 1:1 ratio. The special advantage of the medium-chained fatty acids is, among other things, their low rate of accumulation and high oxidation rate in the organism. Using a graduated schedule, intensive-care patients who were being parenterally fed exclusively were administered either an MCT/LCT mixture or an LCT emulsion alone as a bolus injection and later continuously. Among other things, the behavior of the triglyceride concentrate and the individual fatty acids in serum and of individual lipid fractions, as well as the effect on various parameters of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, were measured. In addition, the oxidation rate of an MCT/LCT emulsion labelled with 13C was measured. The results of the comparative lipid studies were compared. The expected result-that the oxidation rate of medium-chained triglycerides exceeds that of long-chained triglycerides-was confirmed. It was surprising that the median oxidation rate with a continuous fat supply within a complete nutrition program was only 32 +/- 6.8%. Why some patients showed higher triglyceride levels with the MCT/LCT emulsion than with the supply of LCT alone is still unclear. It remains to be investigated whether the rapid splitting of medium-chained triglycerides leads to a temporary loss of activity of the lipoprotein lipase accompanied by a rise in triglycerides in serum. More research will be necessary before we know what role MCT/LCT emulsions will play in future. Such an emulsion would possibly be suitable in severely injured patients, whereby the MCT portion could preferentially supply the organism with energy carriers and the long-chained triglycerides structural components.","PeriodicalId":75931,"journal":{"name":"Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung","volume":"14 Suppl 3 ","pages":"38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14249912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improvement of the safety systems in cell separators. The new safety concept for the cell separator AS 104 (Fresenius). 电池分离器安全系统的改进。新安全概念的细胞分离器AS 104(费森尤斯)。

Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernahrung Pub Date : 1987-09-01 DOI: 10.1159/000226204

H J Neumann, A Meisberger, B Mathieu

引用次数: 7