Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete最新文献

{"title":"[Schizophrenia, creativity and art--a contribution to the theoretical understanding of pictures of schizophrenics (author's transl)].","authors":"H Kraft","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1002371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1002371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several opinions on the paintings and drawings of patients with mental disorder are referred. In a historical summary the authors who have a more diagnostical approach are confronted with those who are more interested in creative aspects. Finally the psychodynamical analysis of creative processes is stressed. From this point of view it is attempted to describe the relations between schizophrenia, creativity and art.</p>","PeriodicalId":75864,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete","volume":"48 2","pages":"110-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1002371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17949575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Course of unipolar depressive, bipolar manic-depressive, and schizoaffective disorders. Results of a prospective longitudinal study (author's transl)].","authors":"J Angst","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1002365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1002365","url":null,"abstract":"Der Verlauf affektiver Erkrankungen wurde prospektiv seit 1959 bis 1975 studiert an 159 unipolaren Depressionen, 95 bipolaren manisch-depressiven Erkrankungen und 150 schizoaffektiven Psychosen. Die drei Patientengruppen unterscheiden sich nicht signifikant bezüglich Alter (ca. 60 Jahre) und Geschlechtsverteilung. Hingegen bestehen markante Unterschiede bezüglich Beobachtungsund Krankheitsdauer als Folge des unterschiedlichen Erstmanifestationsalters. Unipolare Depressionen verlaufen viel günstiger als bipolare und schizoaffektive, die letzteren beiden ähneln sieh in vielen Merkmalen. Unipolare Depressionen beginnen im Mittel mit 45 Jahren, bipolare mit 35 und schizoaffektive mit 32. Die Krankheitsdauer unipolarer Depressionen ist markant kürzer als diejenige der andern beiden Gruppen. Unipolare Depressionen heilen auch oft (in ca. 40% der Fälle) spontan ab, in dieser Gruppe finden sich aber auch am allenneisten Suizide 00% I1ir die ganze Gruppe, 13-14% bei Ersthospitalisierten). Bei einer durchschnittlichen Beobachtungsdauer seit der Ersterkrankung von 19-27 Jahren (je nach Krankheitsgruppe) wurden bei unipolaren Depressionen 4 Phasen auf 19 Jahre, bei bipolaren 9 auf 26 und bei schizoaffektiven 7 auf 27 beobachtet. Auch hier ist also der Verlauf der unipolaren Störungen relativ günstig, hingegen entsteht außer der Tatsache der Suizide auch noch durch das hohe Manifestationsalter dieser Krankheitsgruppe ein Bias zugunslen eines optimistischeren Bildes. Es wird Aufgabe einer künftigen Untersuchung sein, genauer herauszuschälen, ob früherkrankte unipolar Depressive häufiger abheilen als Späterkrankungen. Die Suizidrate ist bis jetzt in beiden Gruppen gleich. Die Phasendauer wurde in erster Linie durch Bildung intraindividueller Mittelwerte dargestellt und diese wiederum für ganze Krankheitsgruppen gemittelt. In diesem Sinne dauern unipolar depressive Phasen im Durchschnitt 5,95 Monate, bipolare 4,4 und schizoaffektive 4,65 Monate. Relativ oft wird eine Chronifizierung im Sinne einer Dauer von über 12 bzw. 24 Monaten beobachtet. Die letzte beobachtete Krankheitsphase dauerte länger als ein Jahr bei 24,5% der unipolaren, 17,9% der bipolaren und 18% der schizoaffektiven Kranken. Innerhalb dieser Untergruppen findet sich eine Dauer der lelzten Phase von über zwei Jahren bei 17% der unipolaren, 13,7% der bipolaren, 12% der Course of Unipolar Depressive, Bipolar Manic-Depressive, and Schizoaffective Disorders. Results of a Prospective Longitudinal Study","PeriodicalId":75864,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete","volume":"48 1","pages":"3-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1002365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17949572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Tabular instructions for differential diagnosis of polyneuropathies (author's transl)].","authors":"E Gibbels","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1002366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1002366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following a brief review of the nosological system a comprehensive table containing diseases in which polyneuropathies can occur is presented. The tables list the typical neurological syndrome, affections of other organ systems, diagnostical aids from history, clinical course and additional findings and finally the most important differential diagnoses and specific treatment. A list of diseases which show similar accentuation of polyneuropathy is added.</p>","PeriodicalId":75864,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete","volume":"48 1","pages":"31-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1002366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17307275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[On the diagnosis of schizophrenia (author's transl)].","authors":"R Schwarz","doi":"10.1055/s-2007-1002367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1002367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After a review of terms used in the description of schizophrenia, mainly based on Bleuler's and Kurt Schneider's terminology, attempts to operationalize the diagnosis of schizophrenia are discussed. First rank symptoms according to Kurt Schneider have been most extensively used as criteria. Classification based on these symptoms is, however, subject to certain restrictions from cross-sectional as well as longitudinal points of view. Additional criteria are necessary to describe the whole spectrum of what is called schizophrenia in clinical psychiatry with regard to better therapeutic measures. Symptomatology is also the leading criterion for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the discussed multidimensional schemes. With an increasing number of criteria the diagnosis of schizophrenia will be confined according to the applied variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":75864,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete","volume":"48 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-2007-1002367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17949573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A simple method for the transfer of tomography scan layers to the X-ray film, especially in functional neurosurgery (author's transl)].","authors":"W Birg,&nbsp;L Krebber,&nbsp;F Mundinger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article describes a new method enabling the transfer of CT scan layers to the X-ray film with simple means.</p>","PeriodicalId":75864,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete","volume":"47 12","pages":"637-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11598978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Psychodrama versus patient club activity (leisure group): effects of a 25 hours group psychotherapy with psychiatric patients (author's transl)].","authors":"W Bender,&nbsp;G Detter,&nbsp;B Eibl-Eibesfeld,&nbsp;P Engel-Sittenfeld,&nbsp;B Gmelin,&nbsp;R Wolf,&nbsp;K J Zander","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>The effects of psychodramatherapy versus patient club activity group is compared in a controlled study with psychiatric patients in a period of two month (8 times a three hour session per week).</p><p><strong>Sample: </strong>22 patients (11 patients psychodramatherapy (PD); 11 patients patient club activity (PCA)). Diagnoses: neuroses, subacute psychoses. Patients were matched according to age, sex and syndrome (resp. diagnoses). Applied tests: semistandardized interview with formulation of personal therapeutic goals, personality tests (Giessen, MMPI), mood scales (EWL, Bf-S v. Zerssen, 100 mml line), psychopathology (AMP 3/interview), social adjustment (SAF). Testing periods: before beginning with PD and PCA, attendant to therapy, after therapy, follow up (three month after end oftherapy).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>it was advantageous to have both psychotic and neurotic patients in the same therapy group. In the course of psychodramatherapy and patient club activity there was an improvement with a regressive trend to baseline after end of therapy. PD in comparison to PCA appeared to be more effective in the improvement of some psychiatric relevant personality dimensions, in the improvement of psychopathology, in reaching the personal therapeutic goals and in a positive opinion of therapy. A psychodramatherapy lasting two month seems revealed to be more attractive and to have more therapeutic efficacy than a patient club activity group. Because of the instability of some effects a more prolonged therapy period is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":75864,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete","volume":"47 12","pages":"641-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11474919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[On the nosological position of the obsessional-compulsive depressions (author's transl)].","authors":"A Simkó,&nbsp;R Baer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After the introduction of the term \"Zwangsvorstellungen\" (compulsive ideas) into german psychiatry in 1867, there were intensive psychopathological discussions concerning the role of the affective component of this disturbance. The conviction that an affective causation of compulsion has to be repudiated, that a primary compulsive idea is just followed by a secondary affect, contrasted with the belief that alterations of mood are a prerequisite of compulsive symptoms. The latter hypothesis led to the identification of a typical course of illness in the compulsive depressions. After a short review of Lauter's casuistry, some of our own cases are presented. A differentiation between two types of compulsive depression seems to fulfill the requirements of the clinic. The distinguishing criterion is the pattern of the premorbid personality. To the widespread therapeutic pessimism we oppose various psychotherapeutic techniques for the treatment of non-psychotic compulsive phenomenal; for the manifestations occurring in the course of psychotic illnesses, the appropriate psychotropic drugs will be used in the first place, although they are of limited importance in these types of illness which oppose serious difficulties to all methods of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75864,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete","volume":"47 12","pages":"628-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11474918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[\"Thefts not involving intentional personal gain\"--not a psychopathological syndrome (author's transl)].","authors":"P H Bresser","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term \"thefts not involving intentional personal gain\" is subjected to critical appraisal. Since analogies to the ancient theory of kleptomania are persistently restated, examples are given to illustrate the original meaning of that term, namely, \"thieves\" stealing objects immediately recognisable as not serving any useful purpose, or acting as though prompted by an irresistible impulse, no expert being required to diagnose classification of such acts. Recent cases in point include, on the one hand, \"patients\" in whom intentional personal gain can be neither proved nor disproved, and, on the other hand, persons from \"higher strata\" of society whom one may not believe to be capable of succumbing to a momentary weakness despite their avowals to the contrary. Finally, there are people whose behaviour is generally characterised by acting emotionally accentuated \"parts\" as if they were stage players. Be that as it may, the value of the patients' own statements is mostly overrated compared with the objective findings, and usually no comparison is attempted with the multitude of \"normal\" shoplifters.</p>","PeriodicalId":75864,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete","volume":"47 12","pages":"617-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11474917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Problems of syringomyelia (author's transl)].","authors":"G Schliep","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75864,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete","volume":"47 11","pages":"557-608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11474442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comments on the clinic of rare manifestation of encephalomyelitis disseminata and of syntropism with brain tumours (author's transl)].","authors":"W Gottwald","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75864,"journal":{"name":"Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, und ihrer Grenzgebiete","volume":"47 11","pages":"609-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11474443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}