Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Irrigation frequency effects on Prizm zoysiagrass establishment from sprigs","authors":"Tyler Q. Carr,&nbsp;John C. Sorochan,&nbsp;James, T. Brosnan,&nbsp;Brandon J. Horvath,&nbsp;Kellie. J. Walters","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zoysiagrass (<i>Zoysia</i> spp. Willd.) is a popular choice for commercial and residential lawns, as well as golf course fairways and tees because it requires less light, fertilizer, and mowing compared to bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon</i> spp.). However, zoysiagrass' slow growth rate compared to other putting green options presents a challenge for both rapid establishment from sprigs and its wider adoption as a putting green surface. It is currently unknown if very frequent irrigation, commonly used in horticultural propagation, can be applied to turfgrass and accelerate establishment from sprigs. Irrigation was applied to Prizm zoysiagrass sprigs across either four or 192 irrigation events from 06:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Prizm zoysiagrass establishment was unaffected by irrigation frequency and averaged 40% turfgrass coverage after 21.6 and 27.3 days in run A and run B, respectively. These results imply that very frequent irrigation did not accelerate establishment. Additional research elucidating zoysiagrass sprig physiology during propagation and development is necessary to better define management practices that hasten establishment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating corn, tall fescue and canola growth on sediments dredged from the Lorain Harbor","authors":"Maureen E. Roddy,&nbsp;Emily Kalhert,&nbsp;Corry T. Platt,&nbsp;Ashley N. Julian,&nbsp;Megan A. Rúa","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20559","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil degradation is a worldwide problem, causing the declining performance of many plant species. Recently, the application of sediments dredged from aquatic waterways has received attention for their potential as an organic amendment to revive degraded agricultural soils. In Ohio, dredged sediment research has largely focused on the success of corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) or soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) following the application of dredged sediments from the Toledo Harbor, neglecting the potential for dredged sediments from the other eight harbors and waterways to change plant performance as well as failing to quantify benefits for other commonly grown crops in the region. In a greenhouse experiment, we applied dredged sediments from the Lorain Harbor to degraded agricultural soils across a variety of application ratios and quantified changes in germination, height over the growing season, final biomass, and yield for canola (<i>Brassica napus</i>), tall fescue KY 31 (<i>Festuca arundinacea</i>), and corn to better understand the potential for dredged sediments from this location to increase performance for a variety of regionally important plant species. Overall, plants grown on agricultural soils supplemented with dredged sediments from the Lorain Harbor consistently grew taller, faster, and were larger than the 100% dredged sediment treatments. Furthermore, both corn and tall fescue grown on agricultural soil supplemented with dredged sediments had greater yield compared to their counterparts grown on unamended agricultural soil. In whole, outcomes from this research contribute to a growing body of research that support the use of dredged sediments as a soil amendment for agricultural soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of cover crop adoption and impact on weed management in Wisconsin corn-soybean cropping systems","authors":"Guilherme Chudzik,&nbsp;Jose J. Nunes,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Arneson,&nbsp;Grace Arneson,&nbsp;Shawn P. Conley,&nbsp;Rodrigo Werle","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The evolution and widespread occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds pose a major challenge for farmers and crop consultants across North America, warranting integrated management strategies. The adoption of cover crops offer weed suppression and soil health benefits but adds management complexity. A survey, targeting farmers and crop consultants, was conducted during the spring of 2023 to evaluate current cover crop management practices and perceptions in Wisconsin cropping systems. The survey included 26 questions across five sections: respondent profile, cover crop adoption and experience, cover crop management ahead of soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.], cover crop management ahead of corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), and general benefits and challenges of cover crop adoption. Farmers and crop consultants represented most respondents, influencing a total of 29,500 and 557,000 ha, respectively. Waterhemp (<i>Amaranthus tuberculatus</i> [Moq.] J.D. Sauer) and giant ragweed (<i>Ambrosia trifida</i> L.) were identified as the most troublesome weeds. Over 90% of respondents use herbicides to terminate their cover crops, and 68% of respondents agree that cover crops improved overall weed control in their farms/clients’ farms to some extent [cereal rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) as main cover crop species]. Additionally, results demonstrate a strong consensus (85%) on cover crops positively influencing water retention, with 98% agreement on their efficacy in reducing soil erosion. Results from this survey can help guide farmers, agronomists, researchers, and policymakers with cover crop adoption, management, policies, incentives, and future research and education needs in Wisconsin and beyond to support the development of more sustainable and efficient weed and crop management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil greenhouse gas emissions under enhanced efficiency and urea nitrogen fertilizer from Australian irrigated aerobic rice production","authors":"Jackie R. Webb,&nbsp;Matt Champness,&nbsp;John Hornbuckle,&nbsp;Wendy C. Quayle","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aerobic rice production offers a promising solution to improve water use efficiency and reduce methane (CH₄) emissions by minimizing water inundation. However, alternate water-saving methods for rice cultivation can lead to “trade-off” emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O). A field experiment was conducted over one season measuring soil-derived greenhouse gas emissions in irrigated aerobic rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) under different N fertilizer management at a rate of 220 kg N ha⁻¹, including a nil treatment (“control”); slow release (180 days) polymer-coated urea (“N180”); banded urea applied upfront (“urea”); and three applications of broadcast urea (“urea-split”). The N180 treatment reduced soil N₂O emissions compared with urea (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with mean cumulative N₂O emissions of 4.36 ± 1.07 kg N ha⁻¹ and 27.9 ± 5.70 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively. Soil N₂O fluxes were high, reaching up to 1916 and 2900 µg N m² h⁻¹ after urea application and irrigation/rain events, and were similar to other irrigated crops grown on heavy textured soils. Fertilizer N management had no effect on soil CH₄ emissions, which were negligible across all treatments ranging from 1.28 to 2.75 kg C ha⁻¹ over the growing season. Cumulative soil carbon dioxide emissions ranged from 1936 to 3071 kg C ha⁻¹ and were greatest in N180. This case study provides the first evidence in Australia that enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizer can substantially reduce N₂O emissions from soils in an aerobic rice system. Our findings reinforce the CH₄ mitigation potential of water saving rice approaches and demonstrate the need to consider N fertilizer management to control N₂O emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of Cd adsorption by biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite in some calcareous soils","authors":"Reza Keyhaninejad,&nbsp;Aliashraf Amirinejad,&nbsp;Akram Fatemi","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Different methods have developed to reduce the risks of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils. Among them, adsorption is one of the most important and effective strategies. In this research, kinetics of Cd adsorption by biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite in some calcareous soils were investigated. A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included three types of adsorbents (sunflower's biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite), four levels of Cd (0, 20, 50, and 100 mg/L as Cd (NO₃)₂), and three soil samples, differing in their cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter, and calcium carbonate equivalent. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate Cd adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Furthermore, the effect of adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial pH on the adsorption efficiency was examined. Optimizing studies revealed that the best pH for Cd adsorption was 5, while the optimal equilibrium time was achieved at 24 h. The results showed that the Freundlich model fitted to the experimental data slightly better than the Langmuir model. Moreover, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model better described the kinetic behavior of Cd adsorption for the investigated adsorbents. The maximum Cd removal efficiency (99%) belonged to soil No. 2 with biochar. Lastly, it was concluded that sunflower biochar, a cheap and cost-effective adsorbent, had high efficiency in Cd adsorption in calcareous soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of RNN versus IIR digital filtering to optimize resilience to dynamic perturbations in pH sensing for vertical farming","authors":"Rolando Hinojosa-Meza,&nbsp;Martín Montes Rivera,&nbsp;Paulino Vacas-Jacques,&nbsp;Nivia Escalante-Garcia,&nbsp;José Alonso Dena-Aguilar,&nbsp;Aldonso Becerra Sanchez,&nbsp;Ernesto Olvera-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vertical farming (VF) refers to systems of agriculture where crops are grown in trays stacked vertically by exposing them to artificial light and using sensing technology to improve product quality and yield. In this work, we propose an advanced filtering scheme based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and deep learning to enable efficient control strategies for VF applications. We demonstrate that the best RNN model incorporates five neuron layers, with the first and second containing 90 long short-term memory neurons. The third layer implements one gated recurrent units neuron. The fourth segment incorporates one RNN network, while the output layer is designed by using a single neuron exhibiting a rectified linear activation function. By utilizing this RNN digital filter, we introduce two variations: (1) a scaled RNN model to tune the filter to the signal of interest, and (2) a moving average filter to eliminate harmonic oscillations of the output waveforms. The RNN models are contrasted with conventional digital Butterworth, Chebyshev I, Chebyshev II, and elliptic infinite impulse response (IIR) configurations. The RNN digital filtering schemes avoid introducing unwanted oscillations, which makes them more suitable for VF than their IIR counterparts. Finally, by utilizing the advanced features of scaling of the RNN model, we demonstrate that the RNN digital filter can be pH selective, as opposed to conventional IIR filters.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the population and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes and their effects on sugarcane growth at Wonji-Shoa Sugar Estate, Ethiopia","authors":"Alemayehu Dengia,&nbsp;Nigussae Dechassa,&nbsp;Lemma Wogi,&nbsp;Berhanu Amsalu","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Wonji-Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE), sugarcane (S<i>accharum</i> spp. hybrid) yields have declined by about 48% over the last 70 years. One of the causes for the decline is assumed to be the long-term monoculture production system that results in the buildup of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Therefore, the population and diversity of PPNs were investigated by conducting soil sampling using a biosequential method (simultaneous sampling of the soils of adjacent cultivated land [CL] and uncultivated land [UL]) and a chronosequential method (taking soil samples at different times from the same site). The samples were subjected to analysis using standard procedures to determine the change in the population, and identify the genera of PPNs. Additionally, a pot experiment that involved fumigation was conducted on top soils sampled from the CL and UL of the plantation. The results revealed that about 10 genera of PPNs (<i>Meloidogyne</i>, <i>Helicotylenchus</i>, <i>Hoplolaimus</i>, <i>Rotylenchulus</i>, <i>Hemicycliophora</i>, <i>Discriconemella</i>, <i>Xhiphinema</i>, <i>Pratylenchus</i>, <i>Tylenchorhynchus</i>, <i>and Scutellonema</i>) were detected, of which the first four were newly identified. The population density and the number of genera of PPNs found in the CL were 36-fold and 4.5-fold higher than those found in the UL, respectively. Furthermore, fumigation reduced the population of the PPNs by 61% and increased production of cane biomass by 63%. It is concluded that the soils of the WSSE are infested by PPNs, which consequently have detrimental effects on sugarcane growth. While amending soil fertility is crucial, reversing the decline in sugarcane yields also necessitates implementing an integrated soil management system that includes PPNs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of univariate, multivariate, and mixed models to the stability analysis of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat cultivars under irrigation condition","authors":"Geleta Gerema,&nbsp;Girma Mengistu,&nbsp;Tilahun Bayisa,&nbsp;Urgaya Balcha","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20574","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The testing of durum wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum </i>subsp.<i> durum</i>) varieties in different irrigated environments is critical for determining the stability of their performance and adaptation. In this study, 12 popular and newly developed durum wheat varieties were examined in eight irrigated locations with the purpose of investigating genotype–environment interaction and their effect on Ethiopian tetraploid wheat yield stability across diverse environments. The field experiment has two replications with a randomized complete block design. Multivariate (analysis of variance, additive main effect and multiplicative interaction [AMMI], and genetics, genetics × environment [GGE] biplot) and univariate (b_i [regression coefficient], S²_d [deviation from regression], σ_i² [Shukla's stability variance], W_i² [Wricke's ecovalence], YS_i [yield stability statistic], and CV_i [coefficient of variance]) analysis methods were used to identify stable varieties. The AMMI analysis showed that the genetic × environmental interaction was highly significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.01), while the genotype and environment variation were not significant. The first two principal component axes (IPCA1 and IPCA2) were highly significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.01) and contributed 79% of the total GE interaction. Univariate statistical models indicate that Bulala is a stable, high-yielding variety that can adapt to various environments. GGE biplot analysis revealed that the eight test environments were clustered into three mega-environments, ranked Bulala as the most stable variety across diverse environments. The results of the combined mean analysis, multivariate and univariate models revealed that Bulala is a high yielder (3.46 tons ha⁻¹) and stable variety across all test environments, while Mukiye variety has a high yield (3.43 tons ha⁻¹) but is not as stable or adaptive to multiple locations. As a result, Bulala was recommended for further demonstration and popularization in test locations and places with similar agroecologies under irrigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term survival and growth of 32 native boreal plants on treated oil sands tailings","authors":"Dani Degenhardt,&nbsp;Angeline Van Dongen,&nbsp;Çağdaş Kera Yücel,&nbsp;Amanda Schoonmaker","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20577","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The consolidation of oil sands tailings is a cost- and time-consuming process that requires treatment via active (e.g., centrifugation) and passive (e.g., self-weight consolidation) methods. The use of plants to dewater tailings is a promising concept and has previously been evaluated using agronomic grass species in greenhouse studies. This greenhouse study evaluated the short-term survivorship and growth of 32 upland and lowland native plant species (12 forbs, 14 graminoids, and six woody plants) in centrifuged tailings and benchmarked their performance against reclamation soil and undisturbed forest soil. All plant species were propagated from seed and transplanted as seedlings into containers filled with one of the three substrates. After 42 days, the height (woody species only) and total aboveground biomass were determined for all living plants. As expected, the mortality of seedlings in tailings was higher than plants grown in the other two substrates. Graminoid species, regardless of species community type (wetland or upland), had higher survival probabilities and growth compared to forb or woody species across all substrates. Of forbs and woody species evaluated, <i>Geum aleppicum</i> and <i>Populus tremuloides</i> showed the most promise amongst the upland species, and <i>Rumex occidentalis</i> was the wetland equivalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the sustainability of cowpea production through the integrated use of fish effluents and animal manure","authors":"Andre A. Diatta,&nbsp;César Bassène,&nbsp;Anicet G. B. Manga,&nbsp;Yolande Senghor,&nbsp;Mariama Sambou,&nbsp;Cheikh Mbow","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20578","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integration of aquaculture and agriculture in arid and semi-arid environments is crucial for maximizing water and land productivity, especially considering the increasing global water scarcity and the simultaneous use of water for crop and fish production. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of fish effluent on the growth, yield parameters, and yield of cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>). The experiment involved 13 fertilization treatments, including three types of irrigation water (river water—control, Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>), African sharp-toothed catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>), four fertilizers (poultry, cattle, and sheep manures at 10 t ha⁻¹), recommended rate of inorganic fertilizer (150 kg ha⁻¹ of NPK 6-20-10), and six mixed treatments with fish effluent and 50% of the applied rate of manure alone (5 t ha⁻¹). The combined use of <i>C. gariepinus</i> effluent + 50% poultry manure significantly increased stem diameter, nodules per plant, pods per plant, and seed yield compared to NPK treatments. The shortest days to reach 50% flowering were obtained with the effluent of <i>O. niloticus</i> + 50% sheep manure, <i>C. gariepinus</i>/<i>O. niloticus</i> + 50% poultry manure, and 10 t ha⁻¹ poultry manure. However, fertilization treatments did not significantly influence the number of branches, pod and root length, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, and leaf chlorophyll concentrations. This study suggests that fish effluents, when combined with manure, can improve plant growth and seed yield, providing a cost-effective alternative to inorganic fertilizers for smallholder farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20578","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}