Amanda M. Nelson, Paul Rodrigue, Matthew T. Moore, Christopher D. Delhom
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Determining a water budget for an established tailwater recovery system in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain
In the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, also known as the Delta, tailwater recovery (TWR) on-farm storage (OFS) systems are a best management practice to address both water quality and quantity issues. TWR/OFSs are surface water capture and irrigation reuse systems, consisting of a ditch to capture surface water and often a reservoir to store captured water and pumps to move surface water from the ditch into either an OFS reservoir or to irrigate nearby fields. To determine if established TWR systems are an effective way to reduce groundwater use, a ditch-only TWR system in Sunflower County, MS was equipped with velocity and flow meters, water level loggers, and rain gauges. The objective of this study was to determine a fully measured water budget for an older TWR system. This study found 22% of the total applied irrigated water over two growing seasons was from the collected tailwater runoff. During the 2023 growing season, only 15.5% of the input water was lost from the system through the outflow pipe, indicating that 84.5% of the input water (precipitation plus irrigation) during the growing season was retained in the soil, utilized for plant growth, or was recirculated in the TWR. After a decade of use, the studied TWR system is meeting its dual purpose of reducing groundwater pumping and enhancing residence times, which could have water quality and hydrologic benefits.