Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Risk of weed seed and seedling emergence from poultry litter","authors":"Stephanie B. Kulesza,&nbsp;Ramon G. Leon,&nbsp;Stephanie C. Sosinski,&nbsp;Grace M. Kilroy,&nbsp;Brittani Meis,&nbsp;Miguel S. Castillo,&nbsp;Melissa L. Wilson","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20479","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In areas surrounding large poultry industries, poultry litter is often an alternative nitrogen fertilizer for crop production. However, farmers who have not used poultry litter in the past have concerns regarding potential weed seed contamination. A survey was conducted to determine the occurrence of germinable weed seed in poultry litters (<i>n</i> = 61) submitted by growers and industry representatives across North Carolina. In a 9:1 potting media:poultry litter mix, a single grass seed germinated from the 61 surveyed poultry litters, equating to 0.3 viable seeds 100 g⁻¹ poultry litter. Viable seed content averaged 1.1 seeds 100 g⁻¹ litter using the extractable seedbank method on 25% of the litters from the survey, much higher than the grow out method, and the majority of seeds found were <i>Amaranthaceae</i>. A growth chamber experiment was then conducted and demonstrated that there was a negative relation between poultry litter application and weed seedling emergence. There was a 65%, 75%, and 85% reduction in <i>Senna obtusifolia</i> (L.) H.S. Irwin &amp; Barneby<i>, Setaria pumila</i> (Poir.) Roem. &amp; Schult., and <i>Amaranthus palmeri</i> S. Watson germination, respectively, from the control to highest application rate of poultry litter (26.9 Mg ha⁻¹). A laboratory study showed that poultry litter leachates can decrease seed radicle length and integrity and is likely due to osmotic or salinity stress. The weed seed content in litter as well as the negative impact of poultry litter and its leachates on weed seedling emergence make it unlikely that poultry litter applications will significantly increase seedbanks above levels commonly observed in agricultural fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winter cover cropping to improve soil health in semiarid, irrigated cropping systems of Central Oregon","authors":"Clare S. Sullivan,&nbsp;Markus Kleber","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20481","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 1-year experiment was conducted in Madras, OR, to examine the ability of winter cover crops (CCs) to improve physical, chemical, and biological soil properties over a bare fallow control. Competition for water is frequently seen as an obstacle to cover cropping in semiarid, irrigated systems. Benefits from CCs need to be demonstrated and quantified in regions such as Central Oregon's high desert for growers to make cost/benefit analysis decisions. To support such decisions, the effect of eight winter CC treatments (two brassicas, four legumes, two cereal mixtures) on five agronomic parameters and 39 soil health indicators (0–5 cm) were measured in the spring of 2019 after 8 months of CC growth. We identified four soil indicator response patterns in reference to the fallow: (i) steady improvement over fallow across all CCs (16 indicators, with hairy vetch and turnip being most efficient); (ii) marked improvement over fallow but somewhat constant response among CCs (organic C and N, surface hardness); (iii) negligible change from fallow; and (iv) varied response to CCs including both a deterioration and an improvement of soil health. Overall, 13 soil health indicators and five agronomic parameters responded significantly to CC treatment. CCs generated a stronger response of soil chemical and biological parameters than physical (average 82%, 79%, and 18% improvement over fallow, respectively). Hairy vetch had the greatest positive impact on soil biological and chemical properties but the lowest average impact on physical indicators. Winter CCs do offer soil health benefits in Central Oregon but should not be viewed as a short-term fix to physical soil deficiencies. Our study provides strong evidence for the general ability of CCs to improve soil health in water-limited systems. It also demonstrates the need for further studies focused on multiyear rotations, especially related to the improvement of soil physical properties such as soil moisture availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139993980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water regime and fertilizer-phosphorus source effects on greenhouse gas emissions from rice","authors":"Diego Della Lunga,&nbsp;Kris R. Brye,&nbsp;Trenton L. Roberts,&nbsp;Jonathan Brye,&nbsp;Michelle Evans-White,&nbsp;Daniel J. Lessner,&nbsp;Christopher G. Henry","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20482","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) systems have been correlated to water management practice, but to date, no study has directly evaluated three main GHGs (i.e., methane [CH₄], nitrous oxide [N₂O], and carbon dioxide [CO₂]) under flood- and furrow-irrigated conditions at the same time as affected by various fertilizer-phosphorus (P) sources, in particular the reportedly slow-release struvite-P source. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water regime (flooded and furrow-irrigated) and fertilizer-P source (diammonium phosphate, chemically precipitated struvite, electrochemically precipitated struvite [ECST], triple superphosphate, and an unamended control) on GHG emissions and two- and three-gas global warming potentials (GWP* and GWP, respectively) in the greenhouse. Methane emissions were 10 times greater (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) under flooded (29.4 kg CH₄ ha⁻¹ season⁻¹) than under furrow-irrigated conditions (2.9 kg CH₄ ha⁻¹ season⁻¹), and four times lower (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) with ECST (3.4 kg CH₄ ha⁻¹ season⁻¹) than other fertilizer-P sources, while CO₂ emissions were three times greater (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) under furrow-irrigated (23,428 kg CO₂ ha⁻¹ season⁻¹) than under flooded (8290 kg CO₂ ha⁻¹ season⁻¹) conditions. The GWP* under furrow-irrigated conditions was almost 40% lower (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) than under flooded conditions. Although N₂O emissions were unaffected by fertilizer-P source, the N₂O contribution to GWP* was more than 80% under furrow-irrigated conditions. Flood- and furrow-irrigated water regimes require diversified approaches in GHG mitigation, where the best management for ECST needs to be more fully evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139987359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic management response in maize (Zea mays L.) production across three agroecological zones of Kenya","authors":"Harison Kiplagat Kipkulei,&nbsp;Sonoko Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura,&nbsp;Marcos Lana,&nbsp;Gohar Ghazaryan,&nbsp;Roland Baatz,&nbsp;Custodio Matavel,&nbsp;Mark Boitt,&nbsp;Charles B. Chisanga,&nbsp;Brian Rotich,&nbsp;Rodrigo Martins Moreira,&nbsp;Stefan Sieber","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20478","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) productivity in Kenya has witnessed a decline attributed to the effects of climate change and biophysical constraints. The assessment of agronomic practices across agroecological zones (AEZs) is limited by inadequate data quality, hindering a precise evaluation of maize yield on a large scale. In this study, we employed the DSSAT-CERES-Maize crop model (where CERES is Crop Environment Resource Synthesis and DSSAT is Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) to investigate the impacts of different agronomic practices on maize yield across different AEZs in two counties of Kenya. The model was calibrated and evaluated with observed grain yield, biomass, leaf area index, phenology, and soil water content from 2-year experiments. Remote sensing (RS) images derived from the Sentinel-2 satellite were integrated to delineate maize areas, and the resulting information was merged with DSSAT-CERES-Maize yield simulations. This facilitated a comprehensive quantification of various agronomic measures at pixel scales. Evaluation of agronomic measures revealed that sowing dates and cultivar types significantly influenced maize yield across the AEZs. Notably, AEZ II and AEZ III exhibited elevated yields when implementing combined practices of early sowing and cultivar H614. The impacts of optimal management practices varied across the AEZs, resulting in yield increases of 81, 115, and 202 kg ha⁻¹ in AEZ I, AEZ II, and AEZ III, respectively. This study underscores the potential of the CERES-Maize model and high-resolution RS data in estimating production at larger scales. Furthermore, this integrated approach holds promise for supporting agricultural decision-making and designing optimal strategies to enhance productivity while accounting for site-specific conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139915682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen fertilizer source, rate, placement, and application timing effect on sorghum (grain and forage) and corn grain yields","authors":"Johnathan D. Holman,&nbsp;Dorivar A. Ruiz Diaz,&nbsp;Augustine K. Obour,&nbsp;Yared Assefa","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20469","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Identifying the limiting nutrient, fertilizer source, rate, placement, additives, and timing of application are critical components of fertilizer management. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer source, rate, placement method, additives, application timing, and environment on yields of grain sorghum, forage sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench], and corn (for grain, <i>Zea mays</i> L.). Independent field experiments were conducted at 13 different environments in Kansas from 2008 through 2013 on grain sorghum, forage sorghum, and corn. Treatments were an incomplete factorial combination of four fertilizer placement methods, three fertilizer types, five fertilizer additives, three fertilizer application times, and six fertilizer rates that varied by location and across years. Results showed grain and forage sorghum yields responded to N fertilizer in environments that were not extremely dry (&lt;136 mm) or wet (&gt;651 mm). Corn responded to N fertilizer application only in high-precipitation environments. For grain sorghum, where rate × placement × source × additive interaction was significant, broadcast application of urea (source) at high rates (67–134 kg N ha⁻¹), with summer application timing, or with additive in winter (with environmentally smart nitrogen [ESN]) resulted in up to 43% greater yield compared with application of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN; source) and surface band (placement) at 67 kg ha⁻¹ without additives. In the one site-year where forage sorghum responded to fertilizer application, forage yields with preplant application of UAN at 56–140 kg ha⁻¹ were 164% greater than the control. For corn, application of either urea or UAN fertilizer, UAN in coulter or surface band, with ESN blend, applied at planting, and at highest rates (160 kg ha⁻¹) resulted in best yields compared with the alternatives and 110% greater yield compared with the unfertilized control. We concluded that fertilizer rate is an important management component as it consistently affected yield regardless of crop considered. Fertilizer placement and timing have crop-specific importance as they were significant for only corn, but the main effect of additives (N stabilizers) was not significant for any of the crops. Environment and crop type influenced crop response to N fertilizer rate, timing, placement, and additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139901668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain yield and its contributing traits in promising sweetcorn hybrids","authors":"Mohsen Shahrokhi,&nbsp;Saeed Khavari Khorasani,&nbsp;Osler Ortez","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20477","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The augmentation of domestic sweetcorn (<i>Zea mays</i> L. saccharata) production in semiarid regions necessitates the development of new superior hybrids with high yield potential. This study aimed to identify the most influential characteristics contributing to sweetcorn grain yield in these regions. Nineteen promising sweetcorn hybrids and the commercial hybrid KSC403su as the control were examined using a randomized complete block design with three replications in a 2-year study (2021–2022) at the Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Institute Center (ARREO) in Mashhad, Iran. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant variances attributed to genotype (G) for all studied traits, while year (Y) and G × Y effects were significant for most characteristics. Phenotypic correlations indicated a highly significant association of grain yield with grain depth (<i>r</i> = 0.79, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), kernel number per row (<i>r</i> = 0.75, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), row number per ear (<i>r</i> = 0.63, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), ear length (<i>r</i> = 0.58, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and ear diameter (<i>r</i> = 0.57, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) traits. Path analysis results emphasized the critical role of traits such as grain depth, row number per ear, and ear length, showcasing a highly significant positive direct impact on grain yield and also a significantly positive association with grain yield. In this study, hybrids PSM3, PSM4, PSM9, PSM16, and PSM19 exhibited the highest values for grain yield and yield-contributing traits, suggesting their potential for further research in multiple locations with varying environmental conditions before being recommended to farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139901667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a gridded yield data archive for farm management and research at the USDA Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","authors":"Wayne P. Dulaney,&nbsp;Martha C. Anderson,&nbsp;Feng Gao,&nbsp;Alan Stern,&nbsp;Glenn Moglen,&nbsp;George Meyers,&nbsp;Craig S. T. Daughtry,&nbsp;William White,&nbsp;Uvirkaa Akumaga,&nbsp;Jennifer Showalter","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20474","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-quality, gridded maps of crop yield, which discern the spatial variability in productivity across individual farm fields, are extremely valuable in numerous agricultural and remote sensing applications. The availability of these data was greatly facilitated by the development and adoption of grain yield monitors starting in the early 1990s. However, the utility of raw yield monitor data is limited if additional processing has not been carried out to ensure data quality. In addition, a readily accessible data repository that allows for examining long-term yield variability in response to climate and management is often not available. We present a protocol for producing a multi-year (7 years currently processed), gridded yield data archive derived from yield monitor data acquired from over 40 production fields at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) in Beltsville, MD. Production of the archive involved the projection of the yield monitor data into a geographic coordinate system suitable for mapping, the identification and removal of data outliers, and the production of gridded, spatially interpolated yield maps using block Kriging. All map products were produced in common, nonproprietary file formats for easy access. Preliminary assessments of the processed yield monitor data have underscored the necessity of data filtering and have shown the influence of previous land use practices and biophysical properties, such as topography and soil moisture availability, on yield response. We discuss the use of spatially interpolated, archival yield maps in the implementation of precision farming techniques such as the development of site-specific variable rate prescriptions as well as remote sensing applications, including the selection of field sites for long-term agricultural experiments and the assessment of crop modeling approaches. The gridded yield data archive will be housed at the National Agricultural Library as a dynamic dataset that will continue to expand in breadth and depth. It will be a part of and provide support to internal USDA yield monitoring investigations as well as complementary external efforts. All geospatial data delivered to NAL will adhere to the ISO 19115 Geospatial Metadata Standards to provide the user with a full understanding of the yield monitor and associated datasets.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139901696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An isotope study on nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency and movement in soil in a mimicked vermicompost-based organo-mineral fertilizer","authors":"Tomas J. Sitzmann,&nbsp;Pietro Sica,&nbsp;Laura Zavattaro,&nbsp;Barbara Moretti,&nbsp;Carlo Grignani,&nbsp;Astrid Oberson","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20473","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vermicompost (VC), a stabilized organic material with high organic and humic carbon, and favorable aggregation properties, was tested as a fraction of organo-mineral fertilizers (OMFs), where organic and mineral fractions interact in hotspot areas with surrounding soil. Solutions containing ³³P radioisotope and ¹⁵N-labeled mineral fertilizers were combined with VC at two ratios of organic carbon (C_org) to mineral nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (OMF_7.5C and OMF_15C) to simulate OMF granules. Control treatments included unfertilized soil (N₀P₀), mineral fertilizer (MF_NP), and sole VC at two rates (OF_7.5C and OF_15C). Nitrogen and P uptake by Italian ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) were measured over in 8 weeks. Furthermore, MF_NP, OMF_7.5C, and OMF_15C treatments were incubated for 10 days without plant to measure atom% ¹⁵N excess and ³³P radioactivity, as indicators of N and P movement from two soil layers (surrounding fertilizer hotspot and below it). In the pot study, OMF_15C caused 24% lower biomass and less nutrient recovery derived from fertilizer (N, 11% and P, 8.5%), compared to MF_NP. In the incubation study, OMF_15C exhibited +19% atom% ¹⁵N excess in the combined two soil layers, relative to MF_NP, and +28% ³³P radioactivity in the soil surrounding the hotspot, and −89% in the soil below it. We interpreted this as a reduction in nutrient availability of the combined VC + mineral fertilizers, due to lower P mobility in soil. The combination of VC with mineral fertilizers can reduce P movement in soil. A higher C_org:N:P ratio resulted in lower nutrient use efficiency in 2 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dhurrin content and biomass yield in sorghum hybrids throughout plant growth cycle","authors":"Stefano Macolino,&nbsp;Cristina Pornaro,&nbsp;Guido Pignata,&nbsp;Leonard Lauriault","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20472","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, the use of sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench] in crop rotation as a green manure to decrease nematode infestation and promote the growth of subsequent crops has strongly increased. The reason why sorghum is effective in biofumigation against root-knot nematodes is because it releases dhurrin, a cyanogenic glycoside found in epidermal leaf tissue. Currently, there is little information regarding dhurrin production deriving from dhurrin concentration and biomass produced. A field study was conducted in northeastern Italy to investigate the change in dhurrin content and biomass production of three commercial sorghum-sudangrass cultivars (Hay Day, Mataco, and Ruzrok), over their entire growth cycle under seeding dates (May and July). Regardless of the growing period, Ruzrok displayed a higher dhurrin production. During the early growth stages, Ruzrok did not exhibit a higher yield compared with Mataco and Hay Day, hence its higher potential as a biofumigant is due to the higher concentration of dhurrin in plant tissues. During spring conditions, all tested cultivars showed higher dhurrin production up to a height of 100 cm, while the amount of dhurrin did not significantly change during the entire growing period in summer.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139745062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural practices influence foliar endophytic communities in coffee plants of different varieties","authors":"Humberto Castillo-González,&nbsp;Joshua Bloomberg,&nbsp;Eduardo Alvarado-Picado,&nbsp;Stephanie Yarwood,&nbsp;Priscila Chaverri","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20476","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungal endophytes are pivotal components of a plant's microbiome, profoundly impacting its health and fitness. Yet, myriad questions remain concerning the intricate interactions between these microorganisms and their hosts, particularly in the context of agriculturally important plants such as <i>Coffea arabica</i>. To bridge this knowledge gap and provide a comprehensive framework, this study investigated how farming practices shape the taxonomic and functional diversity of phylloplane endophytes in coffee. Coffee plant leaves from two distinct producing regions in Costa Rica were sampled, ensuring the representation of various coffee varieties (Obatá, Catuaí, and Caturra), agricultural management methods (organic vs. conventional), sun exposure regimes (full sunlight/monoculture vs. natural shade/agroforestry), and leaf developmental stages (newly emerged asymptomatic vs. mature leaves). Fungal communities were characterized by employing both culture-dependent and independent techniques (internal transcribed spacer 2 nuclear ribosomal DNA metabarcoding). The results showed a greater diversity of endophytes in mature leaves and conventionally managed plants, with coffee variety exerting an unclear influence. The effect of sun exposure was surprisingly negligible. However, data emphasize the benefits of agroforestry and organic farming, which are linked to reduced putative pathogens and heightened levels of potentially mutualistic fungi, fostering functionally diverse communities. Despite the role that plant microbiomes might play in agricultural production, the knowledge to shape endophytic communities through breeding or management is lacking. The results from this study provide a framework to understand how both plant and agricultural practices influence endophyte diversity within coffee crops. These insights hold promise for guiding future efforts to manipulate coffee microbial communities effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}