{"title":"Quinoa growth and yield performance under salinity stress in arid West Texas","authors":"Vijayasatya N. Chaganti, Girisha K. Ganjegunte","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20493","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crops such as quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd.) that are both salinity and drought-tolerant and with high seed value are needed to sustain agriculture in arid Far West Texas facing dual threat of freshwater scarcity and soil salinization. However, quinoa's growth and yield performance under arid conditions of Far West Texas has not been studied previously. This study evaluated growth and yield of a salt-tolerant quinoa genotype under greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized experimental design with irrigation water salinity as the main factor having five different levels (freshwater, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dS m<sup>−1</sup>). Plant parameters (plant height, leaf SPAD, leaf tissue carbon, and nitrogen concentrations) and seed yield were measured for two growing seasons. Soil quality (salinity and sodicity) changes were also determined for the same time. Seed yields ranged between 747 and 6065 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> across 2 years, indicating significant effects of water salinity. However, these yields were comparable to those reported in the literature. Increasing water salinity significantly affected all growth parameters with leaf C and N decreasing by an average of 20%, whereas reductions in plant height reached a high of 60% at 20 dS m<sup>−1</sup>. Similar reductions in leaf chlorophyll content were found with increasing water salinity. Soil salinity and sodicity significantly increased over time with irrigation water salinity. Importantly, we observed that quinoa has a much higher soil salinity threshold (∼12 dS m<sup>−1</sup>) above which yields declined rapidly. Higher salt tolerance threshold of quinoa makes it an alternative economically viable crop for the Trans-Pecos Texas region.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin L. Chlapecka, Trenton L. Roberts, Jarrod T. Hardke
{"title":"Comparative analysis of nutrient absorption in rice cultivation: Aerobic versus anaerobic conditions in furrow-irrigated rice","authors":"Justin L. Chlapecka, Trenton L. Roberts, Jarrod T. Hardke","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20499","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) production in the Mid-Southern United States has traditionally been under conventional flood (CF) production, namely, direct-seeded and delayed-flood production. However, furrow-irrigated rice (FIR) has grown to comprise over 15% of Arkansas’ and 30% of Missouri's rice hectarage. The uptake of several nutrients, including phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn), has been shown to differ between aerobic and flooded rice production. Hence, a nutrient uptake survey was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in FIR fields to determine the difference in nutrient uptake (macro- and micronutrients) between the upper generally aerobic environment at the top of the field and the bottom of the field, where a generally anaerobic or flooded environment existed from R1 to maturity. Aboveground biomass samples were taken at R3 from four nitrogen (N) treatments at the top and bottom of five sites on a clayey soil texture and four sites on a loamy soil texture. Results suggest that there is significantly lower P, K, sodium (Na), and manganese (Mn) uptake at the top of the field compared to the bottom of the field on both soil textures. Additionally, the N treatments that yielded the highest biomass generally led to the greatest uptake of all nutrients examined. The decrease in P and K uptake in the aerobic portion of an FIR field suggests that they may require altered fertilizer recommendations compared to the traditional CF rice system.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emi Kimura, Curtis Adams, Paul DeLaune, Jonathan Ramirez, Santanu Thapa
{"title":"Effect of cotton population density on lint yield and fiber quality","authors":"Emi Kimura, Curtis Adams, Paul DeLaune, Jonathan Ramirez, Santanu Thapa","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20497","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Commercial cultivars with advanced technology have reduced pest pressures, while greater seed costs have increased total production cost. Limited information is available on the optimal final population density (PD) for the commercially available cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) cultivars with advanced technologies in water-scarce environments. Therefore, our objectives were to examine the effects of PD on cotton growth and development, lint yield, fiber quality, and net return. A 2-year study was conducted to test four PDs (low, medium, high, and very high) in deficit-irrigated and dryland conditions at Chillicothe, TX. Final PD at 12 days after planting were 54,078, 109,563, 124,037, and 151,377 plant ha<sup>−1</sup> in irrigated and 67,346, 115,335, 116,397, and 145,432 plant ha<sup>−1</sup> in dryland trials. Maturity was delayed in the low PD early in the season; however, the differences on maturity ceased toward the end of the season. No statistical differences were observed on lint yield and fiber quality among treatments in irrigated and dryland trials. Average lint yields were 1199 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in irrigated and 796 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in dryland trial. Net returns were similar among all PD in the irrigated trial, while low PD had significantly higher net-return than very high PD in the dryland trial. The higher net return at the low PD was due to the lower seed cost associated with a low seeding rate. In the water-scarce environment, final plant density of 54,078 plant ha<sup>−1</sup> in deficit irrigation and 67,346 plant ha<sup>−1</sup> in dryland produced optimal yield and net return as compared to higher PD examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140606490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Planting date and dicamba-based herbicide programs influence soybean production in the Southern Great Plains","authors":"Sarah Kezar, Vanaja Kankarla, Josh Lofton","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20500","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interplay of management decisions involving soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) planting date, herbicide programs, and herbicide application timings is critical to optimize soybean performance and weed control in Southern Great Plains soybean production systems. This research sought to evaluate soybean yield potential and the level of weed control as influenced by early-, delayed-, and late- planting dates and various combinations of preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), and mid-postemergence (MPOST) weed management programs. A field study was established in Bixby, OK in 2017 and 2018 under irrigated conditions and in Perkins, OK in 2017 under dryland conditions, consisting of three planting windows (early, delayed, and late) of XtendFlex soybean, with or without a PRE (chlorimuron + flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone + glyphosate + dicamba) combined with EPOST or EPOST + MPOST (glyphosate + dicamba) versus no in-season applications. The gap in late-planted soybean yield potential, compared to early-planted soybean, was exacerbated in the dryland systems (1346 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) versus an irrigated system (2311 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>). Use of PRE provided 60% weed control until MPOST and increased yields by 657 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> and 457 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for delayed and late-planted soybean, respectively. Late-planted soybean with EPOST + MPOST provided up to 50% weed control, but lack of biomass production for cultural control reduced weed control by 29% compared to early- and delayed-planted soybean. From an agronomic management standpoint, the time of soybean planting is influential on the success of weed control measures and soybean yields in double-cropping system in the Southern Great Plains, particularly with late-planted soybean.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140552907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teff grass increases summer forage availability in the Rolling Plains of Texas","authors":"Emi Kimura, Jonathan Ramirez","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20495","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Teff [<i>Eragrostis tef</i> (Zucc.) Trotter] grass has gained popularity in the United States as an emergency summer forage for livestock due to its drought tolerance and rapid growth habit. An alternative forage would benefit Texas Rolling Plains growers due to the summer forage shortage caused by drought conditions. However, among the teff research conducted in the United States, there is great variability in the forage yields and nutritive values depending on the amount of nitrogen and available water. The objective of the study was to evaluate forage productivity and nutritive value of teff in the Texas Rolling Plains under irrigated and dryland conditions with two nitrogen rates and application timings. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments included single applications of either 50 or 100 lb a<sup>−1</sup> applied at planting and a split application of either 50 or 100 lb a<sup>−1</sup> applied both at planting and after the first harvest. No differences were observed among nitrogen rates and application methods in the irrigated trial (5286 lb a<sup>−1</sup>). The split application of 100 lb a<sup>−1</sup> produced the greatest total yield in the dryland trial (3096 lb a<sup>−1</sup>) with no yield advantage of 100 lb N a<sup>−1</sup> over 50 lb N a<sup>−1</sup> at the first cutting. Forage nutritive values were similar to the warm-season forage species utilized in the region. This study showed that teff can be an alternative forage species in the region. Future research will include planting dates, nitrogen application timing, cutting height, and the interaction of these factors on yield and nutritive values of teff.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140552977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scott Speicher, Daniel N. Miller, Lisa M. Durso, Xu Li, Bryan. L. Woodbury, Kent M. Eskridge, Amy Millmier Schmidt
{"title":"Beef cattle feedlot runoff impacts on soil antimicrobial resistance","authors":"Scott Speicher, Daniel N. Miller, Lisa M. Durso, Xu Li, Bryan. L. Woodbury, Kent M. Eskridge, Amy Millmier Schmidt","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Field application of beef cattle feedlot runoff may transport manure-borne microbes and antibiotic resistant bacteria to agricultural soils eventually impacting deeper soils and groundwater. To evaluate this potential, total soil, antibiotic resistance (AR), and fecal indicator bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i>) and the presence/abundance of AR genes were examined to a depth of 1.8 m in an agricultural field receiving long-term application of feedlot runoff and compared to a nearby pasture receiving no runoff. While plate counts of total soil bacteria and cefotaxime-resistant, erythromycin-resistant, and tetracycline-resistant bacteria decreased with depth on both fields (<i>p</i> < 0.001) by an average 2-log<sub>10</sub> colony forming unit g<sup>−1</sup> to 1.8-m depth, field differences were only observed with greater abundances of total soil and erythromycin-resistant bacteria (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.026) in the runoff-amended versus control field soils. Soil bacterial and fecal indicator bacterial isolates evaluated phenotypically for resistance to 12 antibiotics varied in range and sensitivity. Using a culture-independent approach, <i>erm</i>(C) and <i>tet</i>(Q) were detected using polymerase chain reaction in 31% and 58% of runoff-field samples throughout the soil profile. Detection of <i>erm</i>(C) and <i>tet</i>(Q) in the control field soil profile was less frequent (0% and 11%, respectively). Two other genes, <i>erm</i>(A) and <i>tet</i>(X) were not detected in any soil samples. Based upon these results, long-term applications of beef cattle feedlot runoff may increase the total abundance of microorganisms in the surface and shallow soil, but the relative enrichment of AR was dependent upon the type of resistance evaluated and, more specifically, the genes targeted for analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140552978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joby M. Prince Czarnecki, Beth H. Baker, Jing Hu, J. Dan Prevost
{"title":"Cover crops and reduced tillage did not alter soil chemistry in first 3 years","authors":"Joby M. Prince Czarnecki, Beth H. Baker, Jing Hu, J. Dan Prevost","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20496","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover crops have been promoted for increasing soil organic matter, which is critically low in many mid-Southern US row crop production fields. This study was conducted to inform adaptive management in the early transition period of conservation adoption. Temporal change in soil chemistry was investigated with a split-field experiment conducted over a 3-year period in Mississippi corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)–soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] rotational cropping systems that newly implemented winter cover crops and simultaneously reduced tillage. Relative to the untreated (i.e., winter fallow and multiple tillage passes) half of each study field, the chemical soil properties of the treated (i.e., winter cover crop and reduced tillage) half of each study field were not significantly different at the 0.05 significance level. This was true for soil organic matter, all macronutrients, pH, cation exchange capacity, base saturations, and micronutrients, with the exception of iron. Given these results, it is unlikely that growers adopting cover crops while reducing tillage will be able to accumulate significant soil organic matter in the early transition period.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140550033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying coal char to cattle pens for sustainable agriculture in the semiarid US High Plains","authors":"Vesh R. Thapa, Bijesh Maharjan, Karla Wilke","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20492","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Applying high carbon (C) additive to cattle pens and land application of the resultant manure mix offers a potential strategy for optimizing manure and soil management while mitigating environmental concerns. An experiment was conducted in western Nebraska from 2019 to 2022 to evaluate the effect of adding coal char (∼290 g C kg<sup>−1</sup> by wt.) on feedlot manure's properties and stability and the interacting effect of manure-char on crop yields in a corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)–dry bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.)–corn rotation. Treatments in the crop field included manure from pens with or without char (each at 34 and 68 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>; low and high rate), urea at 100% recommended nitrogen (N) rate with or without 45 Mg char ha<sup>−1</sup>, and a control. Applying char to pens kept them drier following snowfall events. The high surface area and cation exchange capacity of char improved soil and manure nutrient retention. The 100% urea-N plus char treatment had a greater corn yield than the low-rate char–manure mix or high-rate manure in 2020. In 2021, there was a trend for higher bean yields with the high char–manure rate treatment than the control. In 2022, all the fertilized treatments had greater grain yields than the control. A one-time high-rate char–manure mix or manure application could replace 314 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> and 90 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> ha<sup>−1</sup> over 2 years without any yield penalty. This study underscores the synergy between char and manure or chemical fertilizers to improve nutrient balance and supply, ultimately enhancing crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140537589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Aman, Mohammed Worku, Tesfaye Shimbir, Tessema Astatkie
{"title":"Root traits and biomass production of drought-resistant and drought-sensitive arabica coffee varieties growing under contrasting watering regimes","authors":"Mohammed Aman, Mohammed Worku, Tesfaye Shimbir, Tessema Astatkie","doi":"10.1002/agg2.20488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20488","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought is a major factor affecting coffee production, and different genotypes exhibit varying degrees of resistance to drought stress. We examined root traits and biomasses of drought-resistant (74110, Angafa, Bultum, Chala, and Gawe) and drought-sensitive (75227, Koti, Melko CH2, Menasibu, and Mokah) <i>Coffea arabica</i> varieties at seedling stage under contrasting watering regimes (water stressed and well watered) for 30 days followed by 15 days of recovery to identify the association between drought resistance and root traits and dry matter partitioning, and the impact of drought stress on growth performance of arabica coffee varieties. We used a split-plot design with three blocks, where watering regime was the whole-plot factor and variety was the subplot factor. During water-stress and recovery periods, the interaction effect between watering regime and variety significantly affected root traits and dry matter partitioning, while the watering-regime main effect affected biomass. We observed a higher (1) tap root diameter (0.34 cm), lateral root number (80.7), and root volume (4.7 cm<sup>−3</sup>) for 74110; (2) lateral root number (79.3), specific root length (24.8 cm g<sup>−1</sup>), and root-mass ratio (0.41 g g<sup>−1</sup>) for Bultum; and (3) root length density (3.3–5.2 cm cm<sup>−3</sup>), root angle (42.6°–47.8°), root-mass ratio (0.40–0.42 g g<sup>−1</sup>), and root-shoot ratio (0.67–0.72 g g<sup>−1</sup>) for Angafa, Chala, and Gawe under water-stressed condition. During both study periods, biomasses were much lower under water-stressed than under well-watered condition. The findings show the association between drought resistance and root traits and dry matter partitioning, and the impact of drought stress on growth performance of young arabica coffee.</p>","PeriodicalId":7567,"journal":{"name":"Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agg2.20488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140291417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}