Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research最新文献

{"title":"Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Cough: A Comparative Analysis With Other Chronic Diseases.","authors":"Noeul Kang, Byung Keun Kim, Joon-Hong Min, Young Her, Ki Won Moon, Ji In Park, Sunmi Kim, Eun-Hee Cho, Woo-Jung Song, Ji-Yong Moon, Sae-Hoon Kim, Jae-Woo Kwon, Byung-Jae Lee","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.182","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chronic cough (CC), defined as a cough lasting more than 8 weeks, significantly impairs the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Despite its prevalence, the relative disease burden of CC compared with that of other chronic diseases remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the HRQoL of patients with CC to those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (HD) and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter observational study compared HRQoL of 203 patients with CC to 152 with chronic disease (50 with RA, 53 with DM on insulin, 49 with CKD on HD) and 41 healthy controls. Participants completed the Leicester cough questionnaire and the short-form 36 (SF-36) to assess disease-specific and generic HRQoL, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with CC demonstrated significantly lower SF-36 scores compared to healthy controls (65.9 ± 18.9 vs. 81.5 ± 10.1, <i>P</i> < 0.001), with scores similar to those of patients with RA (65.2 ± 21.0) and DM (67.8 ± 17.4). Patients with moderate-to-severe CC experienced HRQoL impairments similar to patients with CKD on HD, especially in mental health domains. Patients with CC had the most pronounced impairments in vitality, role-physical, and social functioning compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CC imposes a substantial burden comparable to or exceeding that of other chronic diseases. The mental health impairment in patients with moderate-to-severe CC emphasizes the psychological impact of CC. Therefore, further longitudinal research is required to explore the impact of tailored interventions on HRQoL outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"182-191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical Study of Diamine Oxidase at the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in Patients With Gastrointestinal-Mediated Food Allergy.","authors":"Thomas Vasilakis, Joachim Rieker Ralf, Katharina Hotfiel, Antje Carstensen, Alexander Hagel, Martin Raithel","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.286","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous studies have shown that diamine oxidase (DAO) is reduced in the colon of patients with gastrointestinal-mediated allergy (GMA). Therefore, we assessed the levels and physiological distribution of DAO across the normal human upper gastrointestinal tract and examined whether DAO is reduced at the upper gastrointestinal tract of patients with GMA. We also evaluated if DAO immunohistochemistry can contribute to the diagnosis of this disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective immunohistochemical analysis on tissue samples endoscopically taken from the upper gastrointestinal tract of 21 patients with GMA and 17 food-tolerant controls. The DAO-staining intensity was analyzed semi-quantitatively: 0 = none, 1 = low intensity, 2 = medium intensity, and 3 = high intensity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, DAO-staining intensity was low across the upper gastrointestinal tract both in controls (median, 1.1; 25th-75th percentile, 0.9-1.3) and in the GMA-group (1.0; 0.8-1.2). The highest DAO signal was observed at the subepithelial lamina propria of all segments. Furthermore, only the DAO-staining intensity in the duodenum was significantly lower in the GMA-group than in the controls (0.8 <i>vs.</i> 1.1; <i>P</i> = 0.04). Additionally, receiver operating characteristic analysis showed moderate accuracy for this method to diagnose GMA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This first immunohistochemical study found DAO present at low levels and similarly distributed across the human upper gastrointestinal tract. Reduced DAO-staining intensity in GMA-patients was found only in the duodenum. This indicates that the small intestine can be most vulnerable to develop histamine-induced symptoms, and that DAO-diagnostics at the upper gastrointestinal tract should be performed only in the duodenum, when GMA is suspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"286-299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin Promotes Acquisition of Immune Tolerance in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy.","authors":"Yu-Mi Park, Ji An Kim, Hana Kim, Jong-Seo Yoon, Hyun Hee Kim, Yoon Hong Chun","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.254","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is a safe, effective immunotherapy method. However, it has several limitations, most notably the prolonged build-up phase. Metformin regulates Th17/regulatory T-cell (Treg) homeostasis by increasing Tregs and anti-inflammatory cytokines. To overcome the limitation of the long build-up phase of SCIT, we propose combining SCIT with metformin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sensitized BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal metformin (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg) for 9 days, except for the negative, positive, and SCIT groups. The SCIT, SCIT combined with 100 mg/kg metformin (SCIT-Met(100)), and SCIT combined with 300 mg/kg metformin (SCIT-Met(300)) groups received 3 subcutaneous injections of house dust mite (HDM) extract at 2-day intervals for immunotherapy. All groups except the negative control were given intranasal HDM extract for 5 days. Nasal symptoms, ear swelling, eosinophil count in nasopharyngeal wash-out lavage, antibody levels, and nasal mucosa histopathology were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All immunotherapy groups exhibited reduced nasal symptoms, ear swelling, eosinophil counts in nasopharyngeal lavage, eosinophils, mast cells, and goblet cells in the nasal mucosa compared to the positive and metformin-injected (Met) groups. HDM-specific immunoglobulin G1 levels increased in all immunotherapy groups. The SCIT-Met groups induced more Treg than the Met(100), Met(300) and SCIT groups. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 mRNA levels were lower in the Met groups and SCIT-Met(300) group than in the SCIT and SCIT-Met(100) groups. Foxp3 mRNA level was significantly higher in the Met groups and SCIT-Met groups than in the SCIT group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the SCIT-Met(300) group showed relatively favorable outcomes compared with the other groups. Combining immunotherapy with metformin may alleviate allergy symptoms and enhance immune tolerance in a murine model of allergic rhinitis. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"254-270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide Association Study Identifies <i>IL1RL1</i> and <i>KIAA1217</i> Associated With Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap in the All of Us Research Program.","authors":"Huashi Li, Girish N Nadkarni, Charles A Powell, Monica Kraft, Xingnan Li","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.67","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) tend to have more severe respiratory symptoms than those with asthma or COPD only. In this study, we sought to identify genetic variants associated with ACO.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ACO was defined as patients with physician-diagnosed or self-reported asthma and COPD. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of ACO was performed in non-Hispanic White (NHW: 4,292 ACO vs. 114,816 controls) and non-Hispanic Black or African American (NHB-AA: 2,335 ACO vs. 45,949 controls). Candidate genes for asthma or COPD were further pairwise compared among ACO, asthma, COPD, and control groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence rates of ACO/asthma/COPD were 2.46/8.89/3.57 (% of 200,369), 4.06/10.00/3.89 (% of 70,329), 1.40/10.21/1.40 (% of 6,093), and 0.43/4.55/0.58 (% of 12,783) for NHW, NHB-AA, Hispanic or Latino White, and non-Hispanic Asian, respectively. Patients with ACO or COPD and asthma were predominantly smokers and non-smokers, respectively. Patients with ACO showed highest blood eosinophil counts. Meta-analysis of GWASs identified rs1420101 (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; <i>P</i> = 8.29 × 10^-9) in interleukin 1 receptor like 1 (<i>IL1RL1</i>) and rs2428305 (OR, 1.16; <i>P</i> = 4.49 × 10^-8) in <i>KIAA1217</i> associated with ACO. A group of asthma candidate genes (<i>GSDMB</i>, <i>IL33</i>, <i>IL13</i>, <i>TSLP</i>, <i>HLA-DQB1</i>, and <i>IL1RL1</i>) were associated with ACO and asthma but not associated with COPD. A group of COPD candidate genes (<i>HHIP</i> and <i>CHRNA5</i>) were associated with ACO and COPD (lung function or smoking behavior) but not associated with asthma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases differs in racial/ethnic groups. On the basis of our phenotypic and genetic findings, we speculate that patients who carry asthma and COPD risk alleles, further influenced by smoking, may develop into ACO. <i>IL1RL1</i> is a biomarker for ACO, and anti-IL1RL1 biologics may be investigated in patients with ACO stratified by single nucleotide polymorphisms and <i>IL1RL1</i> expression levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"67-86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifetime Atopic Dermatitis is Associated With Risk of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: Evidence From a Nationwide Study.","authors":"Taehun Kim, Haeun Kim, Wonjin Lee, Jinhee Kim, Hyungryul Lim, Seri Hong, Young-Min Ye","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.145","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association between atopic dermatitis (AD) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has received increasing attention. We investigated the association between AD and the risk of AITD in the Korean adult population. The medical data from 5,410 individuals aged ≥ 19 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015 were categorized into 2 groups: (1) the thyroid dysfunction group (if they met the criteria of overt hyperthyroidism or overt hypothyroidism) and (2) the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO Ab)-positive group. Thyroid dysfunction and anti-TPO Ab positivity were each regarded as surrogate markers for the risk of AITD. The association between AD and the risk of AITD was investigated using multivariable logistic regression analysis to obtain the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Age-stratified analyses were performed to assess the AD-conferred risks in each age group. Among 5,410 subjects (mean age: 44 years; 51% male), the prevalence of AD, thyroid dysfunction, and anti-TPO Ab positivity was 3.5%, 1.0%, and 6.4%, respectively. Individuals with AD had a higher tendency of having thyroid dysfunction (aOR,1.65; 95% CI, 0.44-6.23) and anti-TPO Ab positivity (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.73-2.70); however, none of the associations reached statistical significance in this analysis. Nevertheless, in the young adult group (aged 19-39 years), a statistically significant association between AD and thyroid dysfunction (aOR, 5.86; 95% CI, 1.51-22.67) and a marginally significant association between AD and anti-TPO Ab positivity (aOR, 2.05; 95% CI 0.91-4.65; <i>P</i> = 0.08) were found. Among older adults (aged ≥ 40 years), no statistically significant associations were observed for thyroid dysfunction (aOR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.05-3.30) or anti-TPO Ab positivity (aOR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.32-3.12). This suggests a relationship between AD and the risk of AITD, highlighting the need to consider comorbid thyroid disease in young adults with AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"145-154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newborn Transepidermal Water Loss and Gestational Age as Predictive Factors for Infant Atopic Dermatitis in the First Three Months of Age.","authors":"Linh Nguyet Le, Quoc Quang Luu, Duy Le Pham","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.123","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) are commonly used to assess epidermal barrier hydration. We investigated the associations of TEWL and SCH levels in newborns and the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) within the first 3 months of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured SCH and TEWL levels on the cheeks of 330 healthy full-term Vietnamese newborns within 48 hours after birth using a GPSkin Barrier Pro^® device (GPOWER Inc., Korea). Subsequently, 233 newborns completed the follow-up via telephone calls over a period of 3 months. Any cases of AD and other skin disorders, including seborrheic dermatitis, diaper dermatitis, perianal dermatitis, or contact dermatitis that developed during the follow-up period, were recorded; AD was diagnosed based on the UK Working Party diagnostic criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 233 newborns were followed up during the first 3 months of age, of whom 29 (12.4%) were diagnosed with AD. An increased risk of AD development was associated with higher TEWL levels within 48 hours after birth (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.51; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and longer gestational age (aRR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.11-6.65, <i>P</i> = 0.029). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the TEWL levels could serve as a predictive factor for AD development in the first 3 months of life, with an area under the curve of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.86, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TEWL levels and gestational age within 48 hours after birth could serve as predictive factors for the development of AD in the first 3 months of life. This finding establishes a basis for the development of optimal prevention methods for AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of CMAB007 in Chinese Patients Having Inadequately Controlled Moderate/Severe Asthma With Increased Total IgE: A Randomized Phase 3 Trial.","authors":"Kefang Lai, Zhijun Yan, Donghua Qian, Xiaoju Zhang, Tao Bian, Xiaotian Dai, Huiping Li, Lin Lin, Jin Wang, Linwei Wang, Jingping Yang, Yaomin Hu, Hui Li, Xiuhong Nie, Faguang Jin, Guoxiang Li, Shenghua Sun, Feng Xu, Hui Zhao, Yusheng Chen, Chuntao Liu, Huili Zhu, Jing Li, Yajun Guo, Nanshan Zhong","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.39","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (CMAB007) in Chinese patients with inadequately controlled moderate or severe asthma with increased total IgE level despite medium or high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)/long acting β₂-agonist (LABA) treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a multicenter, randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded, phase 3 trial. Eligible patients with moderate or severe asthma with increased total IgE level (60-1,500 IU/mL) receiving optimal ICS-LABA were randomly assigned to receive CMAB007 or placebo treatment at a 2:1 ratio for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was asthma exacerbation (AE) rate, the key second endpoints were asthma control test (ACT) score, pulmonary function and safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 392 patients were included in the efficacy analysis. AE rate was 0.45 with CMAB007 and 0.66 with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.49, 0.96; <i>P</i> = 0.030). The proportions of patients showing an increase of at least 3 points from baseline in ACT scores were greater in the CMAB007 group than in the placebo group at Week 8 (49.8% vs. 36.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.018), Week 16 (59.4% vs. 42.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.003) and Week 24 (60.2% vs. 47.0%, <i>P</i> = 0.019). Greater improvement of pre-bronchodialteor forced expiratory volume in 1 second was achieved in the CMAB007 group at 4 weeks (11.40% vs. 5.03%, <i>P</i> = 0.006), 8 weeks (16.27% vs. 6.57%, <i>P</i> = 0.003), 12 weeks (16.51% vs. 6.60%, <i>P</i> = 0.002) and 16 weeks (20.18% vs. 7.42%, <i>P</i> = 0.002). The incidence of adverse events was similar between the CMAB007 (77.2%) and placebo groups (75.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CMAB007 reduces AE and improves asthma control, lung function and quality of life without additional safety concern in Chinese patients having moderate to severe asthma with increased total IgE level.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03468790.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":" ","pages":"39-54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Outcomes and Risk Factors for Hospitalization in Adult Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency.","authors":"Meryem Demir, Ceyda Tunakan Dalgic, Gulhan Bogatekin, Reyhan Gumusburun, Omur Ardeniz","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.132","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) remains insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to describe the clinical manifestations, disease course, and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with PID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult patients with PID who had COVID-19 infection between March 2020 and August 2022 were screened. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected from institutional databases, and additional information was obtained through a patient questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 36 patients (19 males, 17 females; median age: 36.5 years) with various PID subtypes were included: 24 with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), 3 with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 haploinsufficiency, 3 with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), 2 with hypogammaglobulinemia, 1 with lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein deficiency, 1 with DiGeorge syndrome, 1 with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy syndrome, and 1 with CVID-like capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome 2. Overall, 63.9% (n = 23) were managed as outpatients, while 36.1% (n = 13) required hospitalization. Admission to the intensive care unit was required in 19.4% (n = 7) of the cases. The overall case fatality rate was 8.3% (n = 3), which is higher than the rate observed in the general population. Although the majority experienced a mild clinical course, patients with XLA exhibited prolonged symptoms and persistent seropositivity. Risk factors associated with hospitalization included lymphopenia, elevated C-reactive protein and ferritin levels, dyspnea, COVID-19 Reporting and Data System score ≥ 4 on imaging, need for supplemental oxygen, prolonged symptoms, and extended polymerase chain reaction positivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A subset of adult patients with PID may be at increased risk for severe COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"132-144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Dimensional Profiling of Circulating Dendritic Cells and Monocytes in Atopic Dermatitis Patients by Mass Cytometry.","authors":"Soyoung Jeong, Kyung Jae Lee, Brian H Lee, Yoon Ji Bang, Hyun Seung Choi, Rachel Lee, Dong Gun Lee, Su Bin Lee, Yu Jin Lee, Hoon Kang, Dong Hun Lee, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Chung-Gyu Park, Jung Eun Kim, Hyun Je Kim","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.104","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with a multifactorial pathophysiology. Although AD has been characterized by a T helper type 2 cell response, the role of the myeloid populations in the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 48 AD patients and 48 healthy controls were profiled using mass cytometry, primarily focusing on dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes. Further analysis of a public single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset and immunofluorescence staining of lesional skin in AD were conducted for further validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency of circulating cDC1 was significantly decreased in AD compared with healthy controls. The frequency of cDC1 was negatively correlated with disease severity scores and serum immunoglobulin E levels. The expression of FcεRIa was significantly increased in the DC populations, including cDC1, cDC2, plasmacytoid DC, and Axl+ DC. CD163, a marker of the inflammatory DC subset DC3, was increased in AD patients, suggesting an increased DC3 signature in AD patients. Analysis of a public scRNA-seq dataset further corroborated the decreased frequency of cDC1. The expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen was increased in cDC1 of AD compared with HC, suggesting increased migration of cDC1 to the skin. Aligned with this hypothesis, the frequency of cDC1 was shown to be increased in AD lesional skin using immunofluorescence staining.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results provide insight into the potential role of DC and monocyte populations in AD. We report decreased circulating cDC1 frequency and increased DC3 signature. The corresponding increased frequency of cDC1 in AD lesional skin implies their role in modulating AD pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":" ","pages":"104-122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding Horizons in Severe Asthma: Anti-IgE Biosimilars and the Redefinition of Patient Selection.","authors":"Jeong-Eun Yun, Woo-Jung Song","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.1","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}