Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research最新文献

{"title":"Phenotype Switching From Delayed Cutaneous Reactions to Immediate Anaphylaxis Upon Rechallenge With Paclitaxel.","authors":"Hwa-Jeong Seo, Su-Jin Park, Woo-Jung Song, Hyouk-Soo Kwon, You Sook Cho, Tae-Bum Kim","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.5.793","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.5.793","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 5","pages":"793-796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts and Immune Mechanisms of Pollutant-Mediated Asthma and Airway Inflammation.","authors":"Sang-Min Yoon, Min-Hyeok An, Pureun-Haneul Lee, An-Soo Jang","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.5.640","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.5.640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air pollution is a major environmental risk factor contributing to the development, exacerbation, and persistence of asthma. A wide range of airborne pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), volatile organic compounds, and biological contaminants, can interact with the airway epithelium and immune system, leading to dysregulated inflammatory responses. Increasing evidence indicates that pollutant exposure induces epithelial injury, disrupts epithelial barrier integrity, promotes oxidative stress, and activates innate immune signaling pathways. These upstream events shape downstream adaptive immune responses and contribute to heterogeneous inflammatory patterns in asthma, including type 2 eosinophilic inflammation, non-type 2 neutrophilic inflammation, and mixed inflammatory phenotypes associated with severe or corticosteroid-resistant asthma. At the cellular and molecular levels, pollutants activate pattern-recognition receptors and redox-sensitive signaling cascades, including nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, PI3K/Akt, and inflammasome pathways. These cascades promote epithelial alarmin release, proinflammatory cytokine production, T-cell polarization, neutrophil recruitment, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, and structural remodeling. Pollutant-specific mechanisms, such as PM-induced NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation, O₃-mediated epithelial barrier disruption, DEP-driven interleukin-17A responses, and pollutant-allergen co-exposure, further contribute to the heterogeneity of pollutant-mediated asthma. While experimental models have provided valuable mechanistic insights, differences in exposure dose, duration, pollutant composition, and host immune context limit direct translation to real-world human exposure scenarios. This review summarizes current evidence on the impacts of air pollutants on asthma and the immune mechanisms underlying pollutant-mediated asthma. A better understanding of these epithelial-immune pathways may support improved risk assessment, prevention, and more personalized management of asthma in the context of increasing environmental pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 5","pages":"640-651"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Molecular Heterogeneity of Asthma Through Blood Transcriptomics.","authors":"Soyoon Sim, Byungju Min, Hae-Sim Park","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.5.623","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.5.623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 5","pages":"623-625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Anaphylaxis Induced by Turkey Egg With Tolerance to Hen's Egg and Poultry Meat: A Species-Specific Reaction.","authors":"Pelin Korkmaz","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.620","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 4","pages":"620-622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13441550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Abnormal Metabolism of Lysophosphatidylinositol in Nasal Polyp.","authors":"Jieying Lie, Zhaofeng Xu, Hangtian Zhang, Xiang Liu, Hua Dang, Hua Zou, Peng Tian, Hua Zhong, Yun Ma","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.566","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disease in which eosinophil (Eos) infiltration into polyp tissues is associated with disease prognosis. Our previous study found that linoleic acid is an important differential metabolite. However, lipid metabolism in nasal polyps has been insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of lipid metabolism in CRSwNP tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a multi-omics approach by integrating lipidomics and single-cell transcriptomics. The lipidomics analysis was performed using nasal mucosal tissues obtained from 32 patients with nasal polyps and 20 healthy controls. The sequencing findings were validated by using immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were the most abundant lipids expressed in the sinus mucosa, and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) was significantly increased in the eosinophilic CRSwNP group compared to the noneosinophilic CRSwNP and the control groups. The LPI levels showed significant positive correlations with the Eos counts and percentages in nasal polyp tissue. The expressions of membrane-bound O-acyltransferase 7 and receptor G-protein coupled receptor 55 in the LPI metabolic pathway were significantly elevated in eosinophilic nasal polyps, and their expression was mainly localized to Eos in polyp tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are differences in the lipidomic patterns between healthy individuals and patients with CRSwNP. The LPI metabolic axis may be associated with Eos activation in polyp tissue. These findings could provide new insights into the pathogenesis and endotyping of CRSwNP.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 4","pages":"566-583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13441562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KAAACI Consensus Document on the Goals and Standards of Chronic Cough Clinics in Korea: A Delphi Study.","authors":"Mi-Yeong Kim, Hwa Young Lee, Kyung Eun Park, Young-Jae Lee, Yeonhee Kim, Ji-Yoon Oh, Yu Kyoung Hwang, Jiung Jeong, Young-Chan Kim, Noeul Kang, Ha-Kyeong Won, Sun Young Yoon, Min-Kyung Oh, Sang Min Lee, So Ri Kim, Sae-Hoon Kim, Sang-Hoon Kim, Sang-Heon Kim, Yoon-Seok Chang, Byung-Jae Lee, Lorcan P McGarvey, Sang Heon Cho, Woo-Jung Song","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.507","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Specialist cough clinics operate in various countries to address the complex needs of patients with chronic cough. Despite their increasing recognition and the recent establishment of an international consensus, such as the European Respiratory Society NEUROCOUGH initiative, no formal agreement on the goals and standards of chronic cough clinics has been established in South Korea. To address this gap, the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology (KAAACI) and its Chronic Cough Working Group initiated a Delphi study to develop an expert consensus on the objectives, roles, and standards of chronic cough clinics tailored to the Korean healthcare context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Task Force endorsed by KAAACI and composed of members of the Chronic Cough Working Group conducted a 2-round Delphi survey involving 113 clinicians with relevant clinical or research expertise. The panel evaluated 12 statements and 17 diagnostic items. A consensus was defined as > 70% agreement and < 20% disagreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consensus was achieved for all 12 statements (agreement rates, 93.9%-99%), covering clinical care, research, and education. The key agreements were the provision of evidence-based care to improve the quality of life and reduce disease burden; comprehensive assessment of cough characteristics and treatable traits; careful use of neuromodulators or opioid antitussives; appropriate referral to other specialists; and active participation in research and education. A minimum diagnostic test panel, comprising chest radiography, spirometry, paranasal sinus X-ray, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement/blood eosinophil count, was also established.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents the first national consensus to define the goals and standards of chronic cough clinics in South Korea. The recommendations reflect a balance between internationally suggested approaches and local healthcare realities. This consensus is expected to provide updates to national guidelines, facilitate standardized care, and support future research and educational initiatives in chronic cough.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 4","pages":"507-524"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13441556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Past, the Present, and the Future of Periostin in Allergy.","authors":"Kenji Izuhara, Satoshi Nunomura, Yasuhiro Nanri, Yuko Honda","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.474","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periostin is a matricellular protein that binds to its receptors, which include several integrin molecules but mainly αvβ3 integrin on cell surfaces, thereby transducing its signals into cells. Almost 20 years have passed since we found that periostin is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, which marked the first evidence of its involvement in allergic diseases. Over the past 2 decades, cumulative evidence has demonstrated that periostin plays important roles in the onset or progress of many allergic diseases such as chronic rhinitis with nasal polyp, atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic conjunctivitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic otitis media, allergic rhinitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Starting from the observation of highly expressed periostin in the lesions of these diseases, periostin studies have expanded to include how periostin contributes to the generation of allergic phenotypes, how measurement of periostin is useful as a biomarker for allergic diseases, and recently how periostin inhibitors can improve allergic diseases. Periostin contributes to the generation of allergic phenotypes by acting as a matricellular protein on many cells, including both non-immune and immune cells. Based on the characteristics of periostin as a surrogate biomarker of interleukin-13, a signature cytokine of type 2 inflammation, serum periostin has been used as a biomarker for stratifying endotypes, estimating disease severity, predicting or monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic drugs, and predicting disease relapse or recurrence. Moreover, a lot of attention is now being paid to periostin in body fluids such as tears and sputum as a biomarker directly reflecting type 2 inflammation. Since it has been shown that periostin evokes itch in AD, we hope to see the development of a novel therapeutic agent for AD targeting periostin/αvβ3 integrin. Here we summarize the discovery and characteristics of periostin, as well as questions and/or problems regarding periostin that remain to be resolved.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 4","pages":"474-484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13441555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eucalyptol-Limonene-Pinene Attenuates Mucus Hypersecretion and Inflammation via Multitarget Mechanisms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.","authors":"Yuan Zhang, Jian Jiao, Mengyan Zhuang, Qinqin Zhang, Ting He, Ying Li, Yutong Sima, Xiangdong Wang, Luo Zhang","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.548","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the mucosa, which significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Eucalyptol-Limonene-Pinene (ELP) is a plant-derived mucoactive agent used in respiratory diseases, including CRSwNP; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate ELP's effect on CRSwNP and explore its mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Predicted targets and pathways from network pharmacology were validated <i>in vitro</i> using nasal epithelial cells (NECs) and single-cell suspensions from CRSwNP patients, and <i>in vivo</i> using <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> protease/ovalbumin-induced mouse CRSwNP model. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, Luminex, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to quantify inflammatory mediators and mucociliary changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network pharmacology revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2 are core targets and enriched in inflammation pathways. <i>In vitro</i>, ELP inhibited the overexpression of mucin 5AC induced by amphiregulin, hypoxia, IL-2 and IL-13 in NECs. ELP decreased expression of type 2 inflammatory mediators, arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, C-C motif chemokine ligand 26, periostin and epithelial-derived alarmins thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-33 in NECs, reduced the concentrations of cytokines/chemokines and countered lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in single-cell suspensions. <i>In vivo</i>, ELP reduced epithelial thickness, inflammatory infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia and cilia damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ELP reduced mucus hypersecretion and inflammatory mediators <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> in CRSwNP by specifically inhibiting EGFR-, hypoxia-, IL-2- and IL-13-mediated pathways, suppressing inflammatory responses, and alleviating ciliary damage, suggesting its potential therapeutic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 4","pages":"548-565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13441558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectory Analysis of Pediatric Longitudinal Allergen Sensitization Patterns From Real World Data.","authors":"Sungyun Kim, Minjeong Lee, Ji Soo Park, Jaehee Gung, Siyeon Yi, Dong In Suh, Kwangsoo Kim","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.535","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the relationship between allergen sensitization patterns and allergic disease diagnosis, with a particular focus on longitudinal sensitization trajectories. Using a large pediatric and young adult cohort from a common data model (CDM)-formatted clinical database, we applied unsupervised learning techniques to identify both static and dynamic sensitization clusters. We developed a predictive model to assess how early sensitization profiles contribute to developing allergic disease later in life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study using electronic health records from the Seoul National University Hospital CDM. Patients who underwent a skin prick test, multiple allergen simultaneous test, or ImmunoCAP between 2002 and 2021 were included if they were tested in 2 or more age groups. Seventeen allergen categories were analyzed. Latent class analysis identified cross-sectional sensitization clusters, and Gaussian mixture models were used to derive longitudinal trajectories. A Categorical Boosting multilabel classification model was used to predict allergic diagnoses with interpretability enhanced by SHapley Additive exPlanations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,656 patients were analyzed. Four cross-sectional clusters were identified (house dust mite [HDM]-dominant, HDM + food, polysensitization, and multiple inhalant clusters). Nine longitudinal trajectories showed a developmental shift from food sensitization to aeroallergen sensitization. Early HDM sensitization was strongly associated with subsequent asthma, whereas eczema and food allergies are linked to food or polysensitization trajectories. Rhinitis was common across aeroallergen clusters. The prediction performance was robust for asthma (F1 score, 0.73; area under the curve, 0.80), moderate for eczema and food allergies, and limited for rhinitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longitudinal sensitization trajectories, particularly early HDM dominance, were predictive of asthma development, whereas the predictive values for eczema, food allergies, and rhinitis were weaker. Modeling sensitization history using machine learning may enable the early identification of high-risk children and inform personalized strategies for allergy prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 4","pages":"535-547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13441557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Guidelines: Moving Towards Living Guidelines With Regionally Tailored Recommendations.","authors":"Bernardo Sousa-Pinto, Rafael José Vieira, Ludger Klimek, Torsten Zuberbier, Yoon-Seok Chang, Jean Bousquet","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.467","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.4.467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 4","pages":"467-469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13441551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}