Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic Role of Aspirin Challenge in NSAID-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: A Prospective Single-Center Study in China.","authors":"Hao Xiao, Feng Xu, Li Zhang, Chuqi Shi, Jintao Du, Hui Yang, Claus Bachert, Juan Meng","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.379","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Epidemiological data on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) remain unknown in most countries, especially China. Moreover, aspirin challenge tests are not yet routinely used in clinical practice. To address these gaps, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the aspirin challenge in identifying N-ERD among Chinese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), using the algorithm proposed by the latest European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology position paper.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with CRSwNP were evaluated through a standardized diagnostic protocol, including clinical history review, intranasal aspirin challenge (IAC), and, if IAC was negative, a subsequent oral aspirin challenge (OAC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 190 CRSwNP patients (49.5% with asthma), N-ERD was diagnosed in 61 (32.1%). Of these, 19 (10.0%) were diagnosed based on clinical history, while 42 (22.1%) were diagnosed by aspirin challenge. Among challenge-positive patients, 34 reacted to IAC and 8 to OAC. Of the 137 patients with negative IAC results, 129 were tested negative by a subsequent OAC, yielding a negative predictive value of 94.2% (129/137) for IAC in the diagnosis of N-ERD. Mild asthma exacerbations occurred in 3 of 171 patients (1.75%) during IAC, all of whom had moderate-to-severe asthma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to report that 32.1% of Chinese CRSwNP patients were diagnosed with N-ERD when a full diagnostic protocol was applied, compared to 10.0% based on history alone. These findings emphasize the diagnostic value of aspirin challenge and support IAC as an initial tool in the evaluation of N-ERD in CRSwNP.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"379-390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergenic Characterization of Parvalbumin, Tric l 1, From Atlantic cutlassfish, <i>Trichiurus lepturus</i>.","authors":"Kyung Hee Park, Yoon Ji Shin, Yong Seok Lee, Minkyu Sang, Jung-Won Park, Kyoung Yong Jeong","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.464","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"464-466"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib in Korean Patients With Atopic Dermatitis.","authors":"So Yun Park, Seok-Jae Heo, Ho Eun Gwag, Narang Hong, Hyung Don Kook, Hye Jung Jung, Mi Youn Park, Jiyoung Ahn","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.440","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Upadacitinib is an oral selective Janus kinase (JAK) 1 inhibitor that has demonstrated high efficacy in clinical trials for patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, clinical trial settings may not always reflect real-world practice. This study aimed to assess the real-world efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in AD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred fifteen AD patients treated with upadacitinib were retrospectively analyzed using medical records. Patients who received treatment for at least 16 weeks were included. In the moderate-to-severe AD group, efficacy was assessed by the proportion of patients achieving Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) 50, EASI 75, and EASI 90 at weeks 2 and 16 compared to baseline, whereas efficacy in the mild AD group was evaluated based on the reduction in patient-reported outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean EASI score significantly decreased after 16 weeks of upadacitinib treatment. At week 2, 67%, 35%, and 6% of moderate-to-severe AD patients achieved EASI 50, EASI 75 and EASI 90, respectively. At week 16, 88%, 71%, and 31% of moderate-to-severe AD patients achieved EASI 50, EASI 75 and EASI 90, respectively. Patient-reported outcome measures improved rapidly within 2 weeks and were sustained through week 16. The most common adverse event was acne, occurring in 35 patients (41.2%) with mild severity. No serious adverse events occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Upadacitinib is effective and safe for AD patients in a real-world clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"440-452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Adherence of Combined Fluticasone Propionate and Azelastine Nasal Spray Versus Fluticasone Propionate Alone in Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis.","authors":"Figen Çelebi Çelik, Özlem Sancaklı, Özgen Soyöz, İdil Akay Hacı, Mehmet Şirin Kaya, Ayça Demir, Canan Ş Karkıner, Demet Can","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.417","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) and their combination with intranasal antihistamines (INCS/INAH) are treatment options for patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Therefore, we aimed to prospectively compare these two different intranasal therapies regarding symptom scores, quality of life (QoL), and treatment adherence in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included pediatric patients aged 12-18 years, diagnosed with moderate-to-severe AR. Patients' symptom severity at baseline and at the one- and two-month follow-ups was assessed using the Total Nasal Symptoms Score (TNSS); additionally, QoL and treatment adherence were measured via the Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) and Medication Adherence Reporting Scale (MARS), respectively. These scores were compared between treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 79 patients with moderate-to-severe AR. Thirty-five patients (44.3%) had concomitant allergic diseases, and 28 (35.4%) had asthma. INCS (fluticasone propionate) therapy was started in 41 patients (51.9%), and combination therapy (azelastine hydrochloride + fluticasone propionate [AzeFlu]) was started in 38 patients (48.1%). Treatment adherence (MARS) was higher in the AzeFlu group (<i>P</i> = 0.002; odds ratio, 5.111; 95% confidence interval, 1.776-14.711). A positive correlation was found between treatment adherence and parental education levels (<i>P</i> = 0.002, <i>r</i> = 0.373 for mothers; <i>P</i> = 0.004, <i>r</i> = 0.351 for fathers). TNSS and PRQLQ scores were improved in treatment adherence patients (<i>P</i> = 0.001, <i>P</i> = 0.047). There were no significantly differences in TNSS and PRQLQ scores between the treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AzeFlu therapy may be preferred in patients with persistent symptoms and unresponsive to other treatments. Especially in adolescent children with persistent AR, AzeFlu should be considered as first-line treatment to increase treatment adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"417-427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asthma Medication Adherence and Exacerbations in Pregnancy: Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Practice.","authors":"Sun Young Paik, Sang-Heon Kim","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.319","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"319-322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Levels of Serum Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin in Patients With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.","authors":"Eun-Mi Yang, Hyun-Mi Kim, Jieun Seo, Young-Min Ye, Chang-Keun Kim, Hae-Sim Park","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.461","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.3.461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"461-463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat Allergy: Clinical Phenotypes, Diagnostic Approaches, and Management Strategies.","authors":"Jung-Won Park, Kyung Hee Park, Jae-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.158","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat triggers a broad spectrum of allergic diseases, with prevalence varying across regions. In adults, it is the leading cause of food-induced anaphylaxis, most often as wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA), while occupational exposure causes baker's asthma. In children, wheat allergy manifests as immediate-type reactions, including anaphylaxis, and contributes to atopic dermatitis. Recently, wheat is known as one of key triggers of eosinophilic esophagitis across all age groups. Wheat proteins are classified into water/salt-soluble and -insoluble fractions, with distinct physiochemical profiles. Among insoluble proteins, ω-5 gliadin and high- and low-molecular weight glutenins are well recognized as major allergens in WDEIA. Conversely, both gluten proteins and water-salt soluble allergens, such as α-amylase inhibitors and lipid-transfer proteins, are key allergens in pediatric wheat allergy and baker's asthma. Accurate diagnosis requires component-resolved diagnostics (CRD), given the complex physicochemical properties of wheat proteins. However, conventional skin prick testing and some multiplex specific immunoglobulin E assays lack full CRD integration, likely underestimating true prevalence. Management primarily relies on avoidance, but strict elimination is difficult due to wheat's ubiquity. In WDEIA, cofactors such as exercise, alcohol, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs commonly precipitate reactions, with provoking doses varying widely, necessitating individualized strategies. Oral immunotherapy has been attempted for pediatric wheat allergy but demonstrated lower efficacy than for other foods, underscoring the need for patient-tailored strategies. Baker's asthma management focuses on work-place control, personal respiratory protective equipment, and pharmacotherapy. Overall, improved CRD-based diagnostics and novel therapeutic approaches are needed to enhance care for this diverse spectrum of wheat-related allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"158-172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Risk Factor Atlas for Allergy-Related Airway Diseases: Evidence From Multi-Biobank Genetic Study.","authors":"Tao Guo, Peiyu Luo, Guobing Jia, Dehong Liu, Hui Xie","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.224","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Understanding factors contributing to allergy-related airway diseases (AADs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates from multi-biobank to investigate the effects of 83 common factors on asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and nasal polyps (NPs). Data for AADs were obtained from multiple independent populations including FinnGen, UK Biobank and large consortia (asthma, 137,498 cases and 1,009,466 controls; AR, 51,712 cases and 592,784 controls; CRS, 24,688 cases and 760,073 controls; and NP, 11,796 cases and 760,075 controls). The meta-analyses combining the above multi-biobank MR results were employed as our main results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetically proxied social isolation, smoking time and frequency, sedentary time, global and central obesity, C-reactive protein (CRP), insomnia, major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neuroticism, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atopic dermatitis (AD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), childhood obesity, early menarche, smoking around birth, and childhood maltreatment could increase the risk of asthma. Education, higher income, cheese intake, sleep duration, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity, well-being and ulcerative colitis were associated with a decreased risk of asthma. Social isolation, CRP, Crohn's disease, GERD, insomnia, MDD, neuroticism and AD could increase the risk of AR, whereas well-being could decrease the risk of AR. Sedentary time, MDD, anxiety, PTSD, opioid use disorder, RA, AD, T1D, hypothyroidism, and GERD could increase the risk of CRS, whereas coffee intake, apolipoprotein A1, and well-being were associated with a decreased risk of CRS. Smoking duration, RA, AD and T1D could increase the risk of NP, whereas fresh fruit intake could decrease the risk of NP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study offers potential causal evidence for AAD risk factors and provides actionable targets for primary prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"224-241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Korean Versions of the Scale of Food Allergy Anxiety and the Food Allergy Anxiety Scales for Children and Parents.","authors":"Eun Yeong Chang, Sehun Jang, Jeongmin Song, Minyoung Jung, Jiwon Kim, Minji Kim, Yechan Kyung, Hye Won Yoo, Ji Young Lee, Mina Park, Hyemi Park, Yunhye Oh, Sukyung Kim, Jihyun Kim, Kangmo Ahn","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.300","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean versions of the Child- and Parent-Rated Scale of Food Allergy Anxiety (K-SOFAA-C and K-SOFAA-P) and the Food Allergy Anxiety Scale for Children (K-FAAS-C). Additionally, we sought to identify factors associated with high levels of food allergy (FA)-related anxiety in Korean children and their parents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled patients aged 6-18 years with FA and their parents. The original English versions of the SOFAA-C, SOFAA-P, and FAAS-C were translated into Korean. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficients. Convergent validity was evaluated by examining the correlations between each questionnaire and the Korean version of the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (K-FAQLQ) as well as generic anxiety scales. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with high anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The K-SOFAA-C, K-FAAS-C, and K-SOFAA-P demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach's α values exceeding 0.80. Total scores of the K-SOFAA-C, K-FAAS-C, and K-SOFAA-P showed significant positive correlations with age-appropriate K-FAQLQ scores (<i>r</i> = 0.469, 0.886, 0.549, 0.929, and 0.665; all <i>P</i> < 0.05) and with generic anxiety scales (<i>r</i> = 0.621, 0.393, 0.269, and 0.348; all <i>P</i> < 0.05). Respiratory symptoms were significantly associated with higher K-SOFAA-C (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-17.17) and K-SOFAA-P scores (aOR, 10.57; 95% CI, 1.94-57.52). Residing in non-metropolitan areas was associated with higher K-FAAS-C scores (aOR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.06-13.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The K-SOFAA-C, K-FAAS-C, and K-SOFAA-P are reliable and valid instruments for assessing FA-related anxiety in Korean children and their parents. These tools may facilitate clinical assessment and management by identifying individuals at high risk of FA-related anxiety, particularly those with respiratory symptoms or living in non-metropolitan areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"300-312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Contact and Atopic Dermatitis: A Comparative Review.","authors":"Jihye Maeng, Sekyoo Jeong, Hyunjung Kim","doi":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.173","DOIUrl":"10.4168/aair.2026.18.2.173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, consists of 5 distinct layers, with the stratum corneum (SC) serving as the primary barrier. Disruption of skin barrier leads to inflammatory skin conditions, including irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and atopic dermatitis (AD). ICD arises from direct damage to the SC by irritants, while ACD is mediated by a type IV hypersensitivity. AD is characterized by chronic inflammation and genetic defects that compromise barrier integrity. Accordingly, strategies aimed at barrier restoration, such as the use of ceramide-based moisturizers, are key therapeutic approaches. Recent guidelines emphasize the importance of barrier-enhancing interventions, yet compliance remains a challenge in occupational settings. This review explores the implications of skin barrier dysfunction in contact dermatitis and AD, highlighting emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring barrier function and reducing disease burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":7547,"journal":{"name":"Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}