Alaska medicine最新文献

{"title":"Mental and behavioral disorders in substance use among adolescents under conditions of the Far North.","authors":"N A Bokhan,&nbsp;A I Mandel,&nbsp;R R Gusamov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>It is worthwhile to pay attention to substance dependence in the Far North, which exacerbates personality by formation of psychological dependence. The Circumpolar region of West Siberia is an area of discomforts (Korolenko C.P., 1978; Yagya N.S., 1980; Sapov I.A., Novikov V.S., 1984; Khrushchev V.L., 1994; Kaznacheyev V.P. et al., 2002). The results of the reported research have been obtained in a complex study of addictive states among adolescents living in Gubkinsky of YNAO. The Far North is a region with an extreme environment.</p><p><strong>Material: </strong>490 adolescents of Gubkinsky (53.8% of all adolescents). Mean age 15.4 +/- 0.9 years. Basic (1) group--adolescents abusing substances (n = 174), using drugs (at least once in the life), alcohol--100-200 g of vodka (1-2 times a week) and adolescents with tolerance to vodka 300-500g and more. Control (2) group--adolescents without substance consumption (n = 316). Drug addicts (3) group--Gubkinsky (n = 64), mean age: 19.7 +/- 1.3 years; drug addicts (4) group--Tomsk (n = 60), mean age: 20.6 +/- 1.7 years. Local situation in recent 10 years has been characterized by high prevalence of alcohol and drug dependence among population with increase of viral hepatitis and HIV-infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":"49 2 Suppl","pages":"251-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27040192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression and risk of cardiovascular diseases among males aged 25-64 (WHO MONICA--psychosocial).","authors":"H A Gromova,&nbsp;V V Gafarov,&nbsp;I V Gagulin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the influence of depression on risk of cardiovascular diseases development during 10 years in non-organized male population aged 25-64.</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>Within the framework of the MONICA--psychosocial program a representative sample of 657 men 25-64 years old (1994 year) was examined. Depression was measured at baseline with the use of the MONICA--psychosocial Interview Depression scale. The incidence of new cases of AH, MI and stroke was revealed in the WHO \"Registry MI\" and \"Registry stroke\" 10-year follow-up. Cox is a proportional regression model that was used for estimation of RR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of depression in the cohort of men with AH was 28.9%, with MI--65.8% and of men with stroke 70.6%. The relative risk of development of AH, MI, stroke during the first five years of supervision in a group with the high level of depression as compared to those in whom depression was not observed was 6.7 times (p < 0.01), 2.26 times (p < 0.05), 6.4 times higher (p < 0.01), respectively. Within 10 years, the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in men with high level of depression was: for AH--RR = 4.2; for MI--RR = 2.4; and stroke--RR = 5.2 (p < 0.05 comparing to those without it.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression is a predictor of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged men.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":"49 2 Suppl","pages":"255-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27040193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of opiate addiction on liver cell damage of patients with viral hepatitis C.","authors":"T A Korolenko,&nbsp;I A Goncharova,&nbsp;L I Anterejkina,&nbsp;O A Levina,&nbsp;C P Korolenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver functional tests, cholestasis development and serum acute phase proteins, including a-1-proteinase inhibitor (PI) and albumin level (negative reactant of acute phase proteins), C-reactive protein (CRP) have been studied in the patients with viral hepatitis C (HCV) and/or drug addictive disorders (crude home-made opiates). Narcotic drugs were shown to be responsible for aggravation of cholestasis development in HCV patients with opiate addiction. Decreased albumin concentration in serum was registered in all groups with drug addictive disorders, as a result of modified acute phase reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":"49 2 Suppl","pages":"75-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27042048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biorhythmological and clinico-functional features of arterial hypertension under geoecological conditions of the North.","authors":"Vladimir Polyakov,&nbsp;Alexander Trofimov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>A group of the examined patients with arterial hypertension comprised 412 persons, living under the conditions of the North and the moderate latitudes. 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure (BP) and echocardiography were used. Routine heliogeophysical monitoring was conducted. Heliogeophysical situation at early ontogenesis of the examined was evaluated. Testing magnetic and hypogeomagnetic impacts were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A considerable disorder of the circadian rhythms of hemodynamics manifesting as insufficient decrease of BP at night was revealed in a subgroup of the patients with arterial hypertention living in the North. Using a multifactor analysis, the heliogeophysical patterns of early ontogenesis were revealed in subgroups of the examined with high indices of variability, disorders of the circadian rhythms of BP. A diagnostic test using echocardiography and testing impact by a constant magnetic field was developed to evaluate the hemodynamic reaction to changes of the heliogeophysical environment. While studying the impact of hypogeomagnetic environment on some functional features of the cardiovascular system in the subgroup of patients, it was found that geomagnetic screening caused decrease of systolic arterial pressure, more expressed in \"nondippers\".</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, some hemodynamic mechanisms of coupling the time organization of cardiovascular system with periodical heliogeophysical variations developed during ontogenesis were defined.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":"49 2 Suppl","pages":"120-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27043110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical pertubations as the main cause of northern human stress.","authors":"V I Hasnulin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It was shown that frequent geomagnetic perturbations and also meteorological, climatic, photoperiodic, and gravitational changes in high latitudes are the main cause for human chronic stress in the North Free-radical damage of cellar and subcellar membranes (oxidative stress), disturbance of ferments' functions and changes in metabolism, connected with it; decrease in functional, detoxical, secretory and other functions of liver and other barrier organs; tension of endocrine adaptive functions; decrease in immune protection; psychoemotional strain are the main elements of geophysically conditioned northern stress. The slow wave regularity of stress reaction course has been found. Dependence of pathological reacting to meteo-geophysical factors of northern stress manifestation has been found out. The data of mechanisms providing stability to geophysically conditioned stress have been presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":"49 2 Suppl","pages":"237-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27040189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demography of peoples of the Russian North in the beginning of XXI century.","authors":"Dmitriy Bogoyavlenskiy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Against the background of natural decline in population of all Russia, in particular, the Russians, the demographic situation of peoples of the North is at times considered as \"moderately optimistic\". In this case the growth of their number serves according to last population census, as a decisive factor. Contrary to the above, many researchers in different regions and among different peoples of the North speak about economic decline and growth of unemployment, an impoverishment of indigenous northerners, their high morbidity and death rate and estimate the demographic situation as \"catastrophic\". The criterion thus becomes the social crisis in northern settlements. Estimating the demographic situation it is necessary to lean on demographic criteria as such. But the dynamics of the number of the North's peoples, i.e. the sole result of the population census reflecting \"well-being\", is not such a pure demographic criterion. It was, as we have shown, investigating the data of four population censuses of the USSR (1959,1970,1979,1989), determined in many respects not only, and not at all so much by their demographic movement (i.e. birth rate and death rate), but rather by ethnic (assimilation) processes, and sometimes simply by discrepancies in the census work. While in 1959-89 peoples of the North used to be assimilated by other peoples, in 1989-2002 a reverse tendency became pronounced among some of these peoples. Over a quarter of an inter-census growth was due to ethnic assimilation among six peoples (the Khants, Mansis, Itelmens, Selkups, Kets and Saami). The comparison of inter-census living out among peoples of the North demonstrates that the death rate among them is considerably higher, than the very high death rate of the entire population of Russia. The actual demographic parameters provide evidence for obviously unfavorable tendencies. There was a sharp decrease in birth rate (the overall ratio has decreased from 30% during the 5-year period before the 1989 census up to 18% in 1999-2002). Death rate has grown. Though the overall ratio is lower, than for the whole population of Russia, it is explained by the young age structure of peoples of the North (only 6 % are older than 60, and 18 %--are older than 45; in Russia--18% and 37% accordingly). The average life expectancy (a more adequate yardstick to measure mortality) among peoples of the North is more than 10 years less than the average Russian one. It is less, than among other indigenous peoples of the North (in Scandinavia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland). The share of deaths due to external reasons (accidents, poisonings, suicides and homicides) is enormous; among peoples of the Tyumen North it makes 37% of all the deaths, and in Russia as a whole it is 14% (though the Russian figure itself is far too high by international standards). It is exactly the death rate that determines the nature of the demographic situation. No ultrahigh birth rate in the modern world can serve as an i","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":"49 2 Suppl","pages":"269-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27040196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A view from above: use of satellite imagery to enhance our understanding of potential impacts of climate change on human health in the Arctic.","authors":"Nancy G Maynard,&nbsp;George A Conway","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Provide an overview and examples of some of the remote sensing technologies presently or potentially available, which could be used to address environmental health problems in the Arctic.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The vulnerability of Arctic populations to health impacts from environmental, weather, and climate-related factors underscores the need for increased applications of technologies such as remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and global positioning systems (GPS) for empowering local health officials and decision-makers to better predict environment-related health problems, decrease vulnerabilities, take preventative measures, and improve community response actions as well as increase community health literacy.</p><p><strong>Methods/results: </strong>These increased capabilities for monitoring, risk mapping, information sharing, communications, and surveillance of environmental parameters are powerful tools for addressing such environmentally-related health problems as thermal stress; extreme weather; contaminant transport and deposition into oceans, atmosphere, and ice; air and water quality; built environment impacts; ultraviolet radiation (UV); and infectious and vector-borne diseases. For example, systems are now in place, which can observe ocean parameters, providing information on algal blooms, pollutants and pathogens as well as storm assessments and sea level rise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Space-based systems in place can contribute valuable information through monitoring the processes of long-range transport of pollutants to the Arctic, where accumulation in animals and plants can occur. It is well-known that biomagnification up the food chain and ultimate consumption as traditional foods by indigenous peoples have resulted in some of the highest exposures in the world to certain contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":"49 2 Suppl","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27042044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke: risk of development and psychosocial factors.","authors":"V V Gafarov,&nbsp;H A Gromova,&nbsp;I V Gagulin,&nbsp;Y C Ekimova,&nbsp;D K Santrapinskiy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate an influence of personal anxiety on risk of development of arterial hypertension (AH), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in men aged 25-64.</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>Within the framework of program WHO MONICA-MOPSY a representative sample of men 25-64 years old (1984, 1988, 1994 years) was examined. The total sample was 2,149 persons. The period of supervision was 10-20 years. We counted as outcome all cases of AH, MI and stroke which had arisen for the first time. We used Spielberger's scale for estimation of personal anxiety (PA). Cox-proportional regression model was used for estimation of relative risk (RR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>58.7% men with developed MI had a high level of personal anxiety (HLA) and 41.3% an average level of anxiety (ALA); 72.2% men with developed stroke had HLA and 27.8% ALA, 42% men with developed AH had HLA. The relative risk of developed cardiovascular disease within five years in a group of men with HLA in comparison with a group of men with ALA was 2.5 times higher for MI and 6.4 times higher for stroke, 6.0 for AH. Within 10 years, RR of MI development increased 3.1 times, stroke -3.8 times, AH--5.0 times. Within 15 years, RR of MI development increased three times (p < 0.01), stroke -2.9 times. Within 20 years the tendency to RR decrease for development of MI (RR = 2.7) and stroke (RR = 1.6), AH (RR = 1.4) was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data indicate that high level of personal anxiety may predict higher cardiovascular risk in middle-age men.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":"49 2 Suppl","pages":"117-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27043109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of coronary artery atherosclerosis in male patients of Yakut nationality with ischemic heart disease.","authors":"A N Romanova,&nbsp;M I Voevoda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the peculiarities of coronary artery atherosclerosis according to data of selective coronaroangiography (SCAG) in male patients of Yakut nationality with ischemic heart disease (IHD).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>148 Yakut and Russian males with IHD have been observed in the research. They were inpatients of a cardiology unit, Republican Hospital No.1--National Centre of Medicine, Yakutsk for 2004-2006. Patients were divided into two clinical Groups: 1--Yakut males with IHD (n = 74, mean age 53.8 +/- 09 years); 2--Russian males with IHD (n = 74, mean age 52.9 +/- 0.9 years). The study was based on anamnesis data, clinical investigation and included data of twofold measure of blood pressure, anthropometry, electrocardiography, echocardiography, SCAG, determination of levels of total cholesterol (TCh) and cholesterol of high- (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoproteins and triglycerides (TG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Yakuts have more frequently 1-vascular lesion of CA according to SCAG. The frequency of lesion left anterior descending artery (LAD) and right coronary artery (RCA) is equal in both groups, at the same time occlusion of LAD more frequently occurred in Group 1 (61% against 42%), and occlusion of RCA more often occurred in Group 2 (46% against 21%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Atherosclerosis of CA among Yakut patients with IHD is less expressed. Risk factors (RF) among Yakuts with IHD, like smoking, overweight, lipid disorders occurred less frequently than in group of non-Natives.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":"49 2 Suppl","pages":"127-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27043111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature homeostatis and work efficiency in the cold.","authors":"V E Divert,&nbsp;G M Divert,&nbsp;S G Krivoschekov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The data concerning thermal homeostasis maintenance and energy cost of muscle work in a cold environment and at cold adaptation are presented. It was shown that 10 days' experimental acclimatizing to cold at daily two hour +13 degrees C sessions result in different individual adaptive forms, \"euthermic\" and \"hypothermic\", which have specific thermogenesis and body shell vascular reactions in a cold environment. Complex investigations were made on selected groups of people on the basis of professional work with the count of cold exposure time and level of muscular activity in cold. It was shown that daily repeated cold exposure lasting many hours at a circumscribed moving activity results in a reduction of performance efficiency and optimum muscular work power. On the other hand, the power of optimum load and efficiency of performance increases with regular physical exercises in a warm environment. Repeating muscular work in a cold environment does not change performance efficiency, rather it increases the power of optimum load. After acclimatization to cold, additional energy costs of muscular work come to light in the augmentation of the oxygenous debt. Physiological mechanisms of this energy consumption rise are linked to sympathetic nervous system activation and change of tissue sensitivity to its mediator--noradrenalinum.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":"49 2 Suppl","pages":"223-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27043517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}