Alaska medicine最新文献

{"title":"The family wellness warriors initiative.","authors":"Katherine Gottlieb","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Southcentral Foundation (SCF) is an Alaska Native 501(c)(3) non-profit healthcare organization established in 1982 by the Cook Inlet Region, Inc. (CIRI), which is one of thirteen Alaska Native regional corporations created by Congress in 1971 under the terms of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. CIRI established SCF to improve the health and social conditions of Alaska Native people, enhance culture, and empower individuals and families to take charge of their lives. SCF is totally customer-owned and managed by the tribal authority of CIRI. Under the federal Indian Self Determination Act of Public Law 93-638 and Section 325, SCF provides health and human services to approximately 45,000 residents within a geographical area of 107,413 square miles extending from the Canadian border on the east to the entire Aleutian Chain and Pribilof Islands on the west. SCF owns and manages primary care services, community services, behavioral health services, dental services, and residential treatment centers. Our funding sources are 45% Indian Health Service funding, 45% Medicare, Medicaid and private insurance, and 10% grants, contracts and research funding. SCF has experienced dramatic growth over the past fifteen years: the workforce increased from fewer than 100 to about 1,300 employees, and the operating budget has grown from $3 million to $118 million. While managing nearly two decades of exponential growth, SCF distinguished itself as one of the nation's leading care providers for Alaska Native and American Indian people, launching such innovations as the nation's first fetal alcohol syndrome prevention program and implementing healthcare industry best practices such as a fully-integrated primary care system and system-wide \"open access.\" SCF has drastically changed the healthcare system from a slow bureaucratic system to a customer-responsive, customer-owned and customer-driven healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27041623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, functional, and psychological development of children living permanently in the Tyva Republic.","authors":"Roman I Aizman,&nbsp;Larissa K Buduk-ool,&nbsp;Vera A Krasil'nikova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For estimation of national-ethnic features of the development of young school-children, 1,928 children 8-11 years old of the Russian and Tuvinian ethnicity permanently living in urban and rural areas of the Tyva Republic were studied. The level of physical development, parameters of cardio-respiratory system, psycho-physiological status, functional asymmetry of brain, memory and attention were estimated. It was established that despite accelerated development of all children, Tyvinian schoolboys have lower parameters of physical and mental development, but a higher level of functional condition of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in comparison with Russian children. The Tyvinian schoolboys demonstrated stronger adaptive mechanisms to school learning than Russian pupils that testified to discrepancy of training methods to type of thinking and to a level of neurodynamic processes development.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27043112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A vision for International Polar year 2007-2008.","authors":"W. Zapol","doi":"10.17226/11013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17226/11013","url":null,"abstract":"Planning for International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008 is well underway. IPY 2007-2008 will be an intense, internationally coordinated campaign of polar observations, research and analysis that will further our understanding of physical and social processes in Polar Regions, examine their globally-connected role in the climate system, and establish research infrastructure for the future. It will galvanize new and innovative observations and research while building on and enhancing existing relevant initiatives. It will seek to excite the public and help develop the next generation of polar scientists. It will run for two years, from 1 March 2007 until 1 March 2009, to allow two field seasons of research and activities in each Polar Region. This IPY, unlike previous international science years in 1882-83, 1932-33, and 1957-58, includes a strong human dimension and thus health-related activities are being planned. The Arctic Human Health Initiative (AHHI), in particular, includes many potentially important elements.","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67585782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of cold on energy expenditure at rest and during exercise in person in the North.","authors":"O V Grishin,&nbsp;N V Ustuzaninova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the majority of research on human adaptation in the North signs of hypoxia were found. In physiology studies of animals it is established that adaptive changes to cold and hypoxia have much in common, for example, the decrease of spent energy (hypometabolism). This phenomenon has been studied much less in humans than in animals. The first study was that of A. Hemingway and L. Birzis which showed that under the influence of air temperature of -3 degrees C on natives of Kalahari deserts the average body temperature and level of metabolism decrease. The reduction of lung ventilation and decrease of heat loss in humans was interpreted as the result of cold. However, it is obvious that ventilation decrease in humans in cold air leads to reduction of oxygen consumption, i.e. to hypoxia. It is possible to assume that adaptation of Northerners is closely connected with cold and hypoxia. At hypoxia and under cold conditions the decrease of energy expenditure is the natural phenomenon. Y. Gauiter and M. Bonora, S. Wood consider that the fall of body temperature observable at hypoxia is a consequence of the decrease in oxygen consumption and reduction of energy expenditure. Besides, the decrease in oxygen consumption (Vo2) always precedes the fall of body temperature. In the work of C. Pedraz, J. Mortola it is shown that the external warming at hypoxia in newborn cats and dogs during restoration of body temperature up to the reference values is not accompanied by authentic change of metabolism. It remains lowered as under the previous conditions of hypoxia (before warming). It specifies that the fall in body temperature at hypoxia is a consequence instead of the reason of Vo2 fall. This is an important question for the human's adaptation--the influence of cold and hypoxia on spent energy. The paper presents the results of research into the effects of cold on resting and exercise energy expenditure among Northerners of the Russian North.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27040188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and prognosis of non-infectious risk in children in dependence on age and period of living in the Far North.","authors":"S A Tokarev,&nbsp;A A Buganov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>Aim of the study was to define the interconnection between the period of living in extreme conditions of the Far North and non-infectious risk-factors (RF) development. The research of prevalence of main RF (salt-sensitivity deviation (SSD), low physical activity (LPhA), dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, smoking, low Mg blood level, excessive body mass (EBM), elevated blood pressure (EBP)) was done. 1,492 schoolchildren aged 11-14 years living in the Far North (Nadym-city, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) were examined. The comparative analysis of the RF mentioned above was carried out in two groups: in children living in high latitudes since their birth (66.7%) and in children living in the Far North less than 10 years (33.3%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was stated that the higher the child's age, the higher RF he had. Low physical activity was the most prevalent predictor of non-infectious risk among all age-gender groups--it was found out in 14 year-old school-children 1.6 times more often than in 11-year aged children (67.6% vs 41.7%, p < 0.05). One of three adolescents had deviation in salt-sensitivity. Among children who lived in the Far North more than 10 years, low Mg blood level was found twice and increased BP 1.6 times more often in comparison with other children (26.7% vs 13.1% and 5.6% vs 3.5%, respectively). The longer the period of living in the Far North, the more prevalent were in children population such RF as low physical activity (40.9%), salt sensitivity deviations (34.9%), excessive body mass (14.2%). Population attributive risk conditioned by living in the Far North since birth was calculated. The results showed that the birth and long period of living in the Far North contributed greatly to such RF as EBP (0.56), hyperglycemia (0.3), low Mg blood level (0.21).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The number of children having RF increased in accordance with increase of age and period of living in the Far North. The prevalent pathology predictors were low physical activity, dyslipidemia, salt sensitivity deviation, low Mg blood level, smoking. The frequency of a single RF in the population increased with age 2-4 times. The obtained data evidence the negative influence of extreme factors of the Far North on children's health and demand early RF prevention. The great attention in medical care must be given to children who were born and grow in Circumpolar region conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27041912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"15 years of social crisis in the largest Circumpolar region: hygienic implications.","authors":"Mikhail A Tyrylgin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to determine the nature and size of the hygienical impact of social crisis on the public health of the population of a Circumpolar region. The study was carried out in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (area 3.1 million km2; population nearly 1 million). The analysis of health indicators was done using demographic and hygienical methods, and 15-year (1989-2005) statistical data from the Federal State Statistic Service division in the Sakha Republic. The study has yielded reliable data on public health trends of the population in the Sakha Republic. During a period of 15 years of social crisis, the population has declined by 13%, mainly due to the departure of 1/3 of the non-Aboriginal population, which clearly demonstrated the negative nature of social changes. The natural increase rate has been reduced to a 1/ 3. Marriage and family institutions were affected seriously, with twice more children born to single mothers and 2.6-fold more to fathers of a foreign origin. Incidence rates of alcoholic psychosis, chronic alcoholism and drug abuse increased 3.1- to 4.2-fold; and mortality associated with psycho-emotional stress (circulatory diseases, external causes of injury, digestive system diseases), 1.7- to 3.1-fold. Rates of mortality due to circulatory, respiratory and malignant neoplastic diseases were 1.6- to 2.7-fold lower than those in Russia in general. Such low mortality due to degenerative diseases was predetermined by the small percent of the elderly in the age structure (8.4%), which was 2.5-fold lower compared to Russia and developed countries. The public health status of the residents of Circumpolar areas was extremely sensitive to socioeconomic changes. The social crisis had a multifactorial effect on lifestyle, quality of life-supporting infrastructure, and particularly, on the medical care system, with highly negative hygienical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27042251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of cancer incidence in Norway and Arkhangelskaja Oblast in Russia.","authors":"A Vaktskjold,&nbsp;J Lebedintseva,&nbsp;D Korotov,&nbsp;T Podjakova,&nbsp;A Tkatsjov,&nbsp;E Lund","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this investigation was to estimate the site-specific cancer incidence rates in Arkhangelskaja Oblast (AO), and to make a comparison with the incidence in Norway.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>AO is an administrative unit in Northwestern Russia with 1.3 million inhabitants. A population-based cancer registry covering the whole population of the oblast was set up at the central oncological hospital. All new cancer cases in the period 1993 - 2001 among official residents of AO were registered in the registry and included in the study. The annual gender- and age-group-specific population figures for AO were obtained from the regional statistics office. Gender- and site-specific frequencies cancer figures from Norway were obtained from the Norwegian Cancer Registry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 34,697 cases of primary cancers in AO were included. The age-adjusted incidence rate for all sites combined was 164/100,000 for women and 281/100,000 for men. The incidence among women was 31% lower than in Norway, while the rate among men was the same. Among men, the incidence of stomach, lung, oesophagus, larynx, liver and pancreas cancer was markedly higher in AO than in Norway, while the incidence of cancer in the prostate, colon, bladder, testicle and melanoma was markedly lower in AO. For women, of the common cancer sites only the incidence of stomach cancer was higher in AO. Cancers of the lung, colon, rectum and ovaries were markedly lower.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of most major cancer types appears to have been quite different in a northern Russian population than in Norway. The incidence among women was relatively low, except for stomach cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27043106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working potential evaluation in the territory of an oil-and-gas complex development in Siberia.","authors":"M P Dyakovich,&nbsp;N V Efimova,&nbsp;V S Rukavichnikov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health estimation as the main component of the quality of working potential (WP) of Natives was studied in the territory of an oil-and-gas development complex. Social-medical and epidemiological methods were used on potential adult and teenaged workers in the northern territory of the Irkutsk region. The realization of an adventurous and active strategy of personnel policy is discussed. The adaptation of temporary workers from central regions to unfavorable social, climatic and occupational factors is difficult. It may lead to the appearance of psychosomatic diseases and a decreased capacity for work. The attraction of Natives' WP is connected with the expenses for conversion training and the development of a social infrastructure. The estimation of risks of main pathological syndromes has shown a low share in basically healthy persons among the adults and teenagers (27.5% and 44.4%). In adults, the most frequent risks were of neurological infringements, arterial hypertension and cordial ischemia, in teenagers it was for disorders of the gastro-intestinal systems, boundary mental frustration, and neurological infringements. For development resources of the Irkutsk region, the realization of a program of social and economic development as part of a region's overall development is necessary. It must include the development of the labor market, maintenance of employment of Natives and formation of qualitative WP, and corporate health management.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27043518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosomatic aspects of ethnopsychology and ethnopsychotherapy.","authors":"V Ya Semke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The contemporary situation in psychiatric science is as follows: 1) increased sick rate with chronic neuro-mental disorders (in the first turn with lingering neurotic states, psychosomatic disturbances, depressive and addictive disorders), 2) need in development of integral prevention of chronic human diseases, 3) recognized by many clinicians interrelationship of somatic, mental and social-economic factors in the genesis of relatively new, little studied chronic progress of \"mixed\" pathology: social cataclysms have forwarded psychosomatic diseases, developing in \"masked\" form, in the flux of interests of specialists of various medicine disciplines, 4) recognition and directed removal latent pictures of depressions, variable forms of addictive behavior, constituting an important social problem of public life.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27040194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Siberian child and adolescent mental health: prevalence estimates and psychosocial factors.","authors":"Helena R Slobodskaya,&nbsp;Olga A Akhmetova,&nbsp;Tatyana I Ryabichenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of child and adolescent mental health problems in Siberia and to investigate the effects of psychosocial factors.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A cross-sectional study with the stratified randomised sample of schoolchildren provided prevalence estimates. Second study involved 1,382 adolescent self-reports and 1,864 parent reports of three through 17 year old children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychopathology measure was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, in the first study it was supplemented by psychiatric assessment. Psychosocial factors included measures of child close and distant environment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of psychiatric disorder in Siberian children is around 15-20%; emotional and behavioural disorders are the two most common categories. Psychosocial factors explained around 15% of internalising problems, and up to 30% of externalising problems. Harsh parenting was a risk factor; intact family, parent's education, family cohesion and safe neighbourhood contributed to the lower level of problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rate of child psychiatric problems in Siberia is higher than in the developed countries; the type of the problems is similar to other countries. Life style factors were more powerful predictors than measures of socio-economic status. Prevention should be aimed at identified risk factors and disadvantaged children.</p>","PeriodicalId":75464,"journal":{"name":"Alaska medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27040195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}