World journal of clinical pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation as early augmentation in adolescent obsessive compulsive disorder: A pilot proof-of-concept randomized control trial.","authors":"Aditya Agrawal, Vivek Agarwal, Sujita Kumar Kar, Amit Arya","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.93138","DOIUrl":"10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.93138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is proven to be safe in treating various neurological conditions in children and adolescents. It is also an effective method in the treatment of OCD in adults.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the safety and efficacy of tDCS as an add-on therapy in drug-naive adolescents with OCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied drug-naïve adolescents with OCD, using a Children's Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (CY-BOCS) scale to assess their condition. Both active and sham groups were given fluoxetine, and we applied cathode and anode over the supplementary motor area and deltoid for 20 min in 10 sessions. Reassessment occurred at 2, 6, and 12 wk using CY-BOCS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen adolescents completed the study (10-active, 8-sham group). CY-BOCS scores from baseline to 12 wk reduced significantly in both groups but change at baseline to 2 wk was significant in the active group only. The mean change at 2 wk was more in the active group (11.8 ± 7.77 <i>vs</i> 5.25 ± 2.22, <i>P</i> = 0.056). Adverse effects between the groups were comparable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>tDCS is safe and well tolerated for the treatment of OCD in adolescents. However, there is a need for further studies with a larger sample population to confirm the effectiveness of tDCS as early augmentation in OCD in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11212764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique presentation of neonatal liver failure: A case report","authors":"Eman Al Atrash, Amer Azaz, Samar Said, Mohammad Miqdady","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.92263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.92263","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Acute fulminant liver failure rarely occurs in the neonatal period. The etiologies include viral infection (15%), metabolic/genetic disease (10%), hematologic disorders (15%), and ischemic injury (5%). Gestational alloimmune liver disease usually manifests as severe neonatal liver failure, with extensive hepatic and extrahepatic iron overload, sparing the reticuloendothelial system. Empty liver failure is a rare cause of liver failure where a patient presents with liver failure in the neonatal period with no hepatocytes in liver biopsy.\u0000 CASE SUMMARY\u0000 A 5-week-old male presented with jaundice. Physical examination revealed an alert but deeply icteric infant. Laboratory data demonstrated direct hyperbilirubinemia, a severely deranged coagulation profile, normal transaminase, and normal ammonia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen was suggestive of perinatal hemochromatosis. Liver biopsy showed histiocytic infiltration with an absence of hepatocytes. No hemosiderin deposition was identified in a buccal mucosa biopsy.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 Neonatal liver failure in the absence of hepatocellular regeneration potentially reflects an acquired or inborn defect in the regulation of hepatic regeneration.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding","authors":"S. Sánchez-González, Bárbara Gabriela Cárdenas-del-Castillo, Elvira Garza-González, Gerardo R Padilla-Rivas, Isaías Rodríguez-Balderrama, C. Treviño‐Garza, F. Montes-Tapia, Gerardo C Palacios-Saucedo, Anthony Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, M. de-la-O-Cavazos","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.90499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.90499","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns, with very-low-birth-weight infants usually experiencing several complications. Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition, especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization, because it contains beneficial microorganisms, such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria .\u0000 AIM\u0000 To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less, born at the University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González at Monterrey, Mexico. A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding (BM) and mixed feeding (MF) groups (21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group), from October 2017 to June 2019. Fecal samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding type. After full enteral feeding was achieved, the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Numerical variables were compared using Student’s t -test or using the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric variables. Dominance, evenness, equitability, Margalef’s index, Fisher’s alpha, Chao-1 index, and Shannon’s diversity index were also calculated.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the groups. Class comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group (P < 0.011). In addition, higher counts of Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sample (P = 0.040). According to the Margalef index, Fisher’s alpha, and Chao-1 index, a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample, regardless of the feeding type, was observed (P < 0.050). The four predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes , and Proteobacteria, with Proteobacteria being the most abundant. However, no significant differences were observed between the initial and final samples at the phylum level.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 Breastfeeding is associated with a decrease in Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria and an increase of Gammaproteobacteria , contributing to the literature of the gut microbiota structure of very low-birth-weight, preterm.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: Exploring the disease heterogeneity and research gaps to optimum management","authors":"Subhodip Pramanik, Sunetra Mondal, Rajan Palui, Sayantan Ray","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.91587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.91587","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 20 years, the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents have increased, particularly in racial and ethnic minorities. Despite the rise in T2DM in children and adolescents, the pathophysiology and progression of disease in this population are not clearly understood. Youth-onset T2DM has a more adverse clinical course than is seen in those who develop T2DM in adulthood or those with T1DM. Furthermore, the available therapeutic options are more limited for children and adolescents with T2DM compared to adult patients, mostly due to the challenges of implementing clinical studies. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the de-velopment and aggressive disease phenotype of T2DM in youth is important to finding effective prevention and management strategies. This review highlights the key evidence about T2DM in children and adolescents and its current burden and challenges both in clinical care and research activities.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic changes in children with autism","authors":"Mohammed Al-Beltagi, N. Saeed, A. Bediwy, Reem Elbeltagi","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.92737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.92737","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Metabolomic profiling has emerged as a valuable tool for understanding the underlying metabolic dysregulations associated with ASD.\u0000 AIM\u0000 To comprehensively explore metabolomic changes in children with ASD, integrating findings from various research articles, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, editorials, and a book chapter.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, LISA, and NLM catalog up until January 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed research articles (83), review articles (145), meta-analyses (6), systematic reviews (6), case reports (2), editorials (2), and a book chapter (1) related to metabolomic changes in children with ASD. Exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the relevance and quality of included studies.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 The systematic review identified specific metabolites and metabolic pathways showing consistent differences in children with ASD compared to typically developing individuals. These metabolic biomarkers may serve as objective measures to support clinical assessments, improve diagnostic accuracy, and inform personalized treatment approaches. Metabolomic profiling also offers insights into the metabolic alterations associated with comorbid conditions commonly observed in individuals with ASD.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 Integration of metabolomic changes in children with ASD holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, guiding personalized treatment approaches, monitoring treatment response, and improving outcomes. Further research is needed to validate findings, establish standardized protocols, and overcome technical challenges in metabolomic analysis. By advancing our understanding of metabolic dysregulations in ASD, clinicians can improve the lives of affected individuals and their families.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Moroccan physician knowledge and practices regarding maternal obesity's impact on childhood obesity: Implications for prevention and intervention","authors":"Imane Douiyeh, Jihane Khamlich, Naima Nabih, A. Saih, Ilham Boumendil, Anas Regragui, A. Kettani, Amal Safi","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.91255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.91255","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Childhood obesity is a growing global concern with far-reaching health implications. This study focuses on evaluating the knowledge and practices of physicians in Morocco regarding the link between maternal obesity and childhood obesity. Despite the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide, this issue remains inadequately addressed in the Moroccan context.\u0000 AIM\u0000 To assess the awareness and practices of physicians in Morocco concerning the connection between maternal obesity and childhood obesity.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 The research encompasses a comprehensive survey of practicing physicians, revealing significant gaps in awareness and practices related to maternal obesity.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 Notably, a significant portion of doctors do not provide adequate guidance to overweight pregnant women, highlighting the urgency for targeted educational programs.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 In conclusion, this research illuminates critical areas for improvement in tackling childhood obesity in Morocco. By addressing these gaps, fostering awareness, and enhancing medical practices, the healthcare system can contribute significantly to preventing childhood obesity and improving the overall health of future generations.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediabetes in children and adolescents: A ticking bomb!","authors":"Anju Gupta, Nitin Choudhary, N. Gupta","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.92127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.92127","url":null,"abstract":"Prediabetes in children and adolescents is on the rise which has drawn significant attention over the past decade. It is an early warning sign of the underlying pathophysiological changes which in due course of time might compound into type II diabetes mellitus. The incidence of prediabetes in adolescents ranges from 4%-23% which is alarmingly high and requires active intervention from the system. We have discussed early identification of high-risk patients, prompt screening and active intervention to manage this growing problem.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mast cell activation syndrome: An up-to-date review of literature","authors":"Öner Özdemir, Gökçe Kasımoğlu, Ayşegül Bak, Hüseyin Sütlüoğlu, Süreyya Savaşan","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.92813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.92813","url":null,"abstract":"Mast cells are a subtype of white blood cells and are involved in the immune system. These cells contain many chemical substances called mediators, which are involved in the allergic response. The fact that mast cells play a role in many events that require urgent intervention, especially anaphylaxis, has led to a more detailed study of these cells. The diseases also caused by dysfunctions of mast cells have been examined in many circumstances. For instance, mast cell activation syndrome is known as an augmented number of cells due to decreased cell death, resulting in clinical symptoms affecting many systems. The main common symptoms include flushing, hypotension, urticaria, angioedema, headache, vomiting and diarrhea. Although the underlying mechanism is not yet clearly known, we aim to review the literature in a broad perspective and bring together the existing knowledge in the light of the literature due to the diversity of its involvement in the body and the fact that it is a little known syndrome.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141368381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota predicts the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in Saudi children","authors":"M. E. El Mouzan, Ahmed A. Al Sarkhy, Asaad Assiri","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v13.i1.90755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v13.i1.90755","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory condition with a worldwide distribution. Although the etiology of this disease is still unknown, the understanding of the role of the microbiota is becoming increasingly strong.\u0000 AIM\u0000 To investigate the predictive power of the gut microbiota for the diagnosis of UC in a cohort of newly diagnosed treatment-naïve Saudi children with UC.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 The study population included 20 children with a confirmed diagnosis of UC and 20 healthy controls. Microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced, and shotgun metagenomic analysis was performed for bacteria and bacteriophages. Biostatistics and bioinformatics demonstrated significant dysbiosis in the form of reduced alpha diversity, beta diversity, and significant difference of abundance of taxa between children with UC and control groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve, a probability curve, was used to determine the difference between the UC and control groups. The area under the curve (AUC) represents the degree of separability between the UC group and the control group. The AUC was calculated for all identified bacterial species and for bacterial species identified by the random forest classification algorithm as important potential biomarkers of UC. A similar method of AUC calculation for all bacteriophages and important species was used.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 The median age and range were 14 (0.5-21) and 12.9 (6.8-16.3) years for children with UC and controls, respectively, and 40% and 35% were male for children with UC and controls, respectively. The AUC for all identified bacterial species was 89.5%. However, when using the bacterial species identified as important by random forest classification algorithm analysis, the accuracy increased to 97.6%. Similarly, the AUC for all the identified bacteriophages was 87.4%, but this value increased to 94.5% when the important bacteriophage biomarkers were used.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 The very high to excellent AUCs of fecal bacterial and viral species suggest the potential use of noninvasive microbiota-based tests for the diagnosis of unusual cases of UC in children. In addition, the identification of important bacteria and bacteriophages whose abundance is reduced in children with UC suggests the potential of preventive and adjuvant microbial therapy for UC.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic determinants associated with breastfeeding in term infants with low birth weight in Latin American countries","authors":"C. J. Avendaño-Vásquez, Magda Liliana Villamizar-Osorio, Claudia Jazmin Niño-Peñaranda, Judith Medellín-Olaya, Nadia Carolina Reina-Gamba","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v13.i1.89086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v13.i1.89086","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 A progressive decrease in exclusive breastfeeding (BF) is observed in Latin America and the Caribbean compared with global results. The possibility of being breastfed and continuing BF for > 6 months is lower in low birth weight than in healthy-weight infants.\u0000 AIM\u0000 To identify factors associated with BF maintenance and promotion, with particular attention to low- and middle-income countries, by studying geographic, socioeconomic, and individual or neonatal health factors.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 A scoping review was conducted in 2018 using the conceptual model of social determinants of health published by the Commission on Equity and Health Inequalities in the United States. The extracted data with common characteristics were synthesized and categorized into two main themes: (1) Sociodemographic factors and proximal determinants involved in the initiation and maintenance of BF in low-birth-weight term infants in Latin America; and (2) individual characteristics related to the self-efficacy capacity for BF maintenance and adherence in low-birth-weight term infants.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 This study identified maternal age, educational level, maternal economic capacity, social stratum, exposure to BF substitutes, access to BF information, and quality of health services as mediators for maintaining BF.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 Individual self-efficacy factors that enable BF adherence in at-risk populations should be analyzed for better health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}