World journal of clinical pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Brain metabolic profile assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in ‎‎children with Down syndrome: Relation to intelligence quotient","authors":"Nesreen Safwat El Feil, H. S. Elmahdy, Rasha Ahmed Elmahdy, Ahmed Abd-Elbasset Aboelezz‎, Heba S Dawoud, Mohammed Al-Beltagi","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.310","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common causes of intellectual disability. Children with DS have varying intelligence quotient (IQ) that can predict their learning abilities.\u0000 AIM\u0000 To assess the brain metabolic profiles of children with DS and compare them to standard controls, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and correlating the results with IQ.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 This case-control study included 40 children with DS aged 6-15 years and 40 age and sex-matched healthy children as controls. MRS was used to evaluate ratios of choline/creatine (Cho/Cr), N-acetyl aspartic acid/creatine (NAA/Cr), and myoinositol/creatine (MI/Cr (in the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes and basal ganglia and compared to controls and correlated with IQ.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 Children with DS showed significant reductions in NAA/Cr and MI/Cr and a non-significant reduction in Cho/Cr in frontal lobes compared to controls. Additionally, we observed significant decreases in NAA/Cr, MI/Cr, and Cho/Cr in the temporal and occipital lobes and basal ganglia in children with DS compared to controls. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between IQ and metabolic ratios in the brains of children with DS.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 Brain metabolic profile could be a good predictor of IQ in children with DS.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situs inversus totalis in an asymptomatic adolescent - importance of patient education: A case report","authors":"Lauren C. Hayashi, Ratna Acharya","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.359","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Situs inversus totalis (SIT) may be an incidental finding in asymptomatic children. Patients may not understand the implications of this condition and the importance of relaying the diagnosis to their healthcare providers.\u0000 CASE SUMMARY\u0000 We report an asymptomatic seventeen-year-old adolescent with previously-diagnosed SIT who presented for a routine well-child visit. During history taking, he denied any past medical conditions, including cardiovascular conditions. Only when physical exam revealed point of maximal impulse and heart sounds on the right side, did he convey that he had been diagnosed with SIT incidentally at age of 12 years. He was not aware of associated conditions or the potential implications of his diagnosis, nor did he realize it is pertinent medical history to be relayed to healthcare providers. Chest X-ray confirmed dextrocardia and abdominal X-ray showed right-sided stomach. Abdomen sonogram showed left-sided liver and right-sided spleen. Echocardiogram showed normal valvular structure and function. A comprehensive discussion was provided to address the patient’s lack of understanding that SIT is a medical diagnosis with potential implications.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 While SIT is rare and mostly asymptomatic, affected patients may not comprehend the importance of the diagnosis and its potential ramifications. Recognition of the patient’s lack of awareness allows the healthcare provider to educate the patient and hopefully can prevent potential medical and surgical complications.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"2 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical factors predicting rotavirus diarrhea in children: A cross-sectional study from two hospitals","authors":"Michelle Indrawan, Jason Chendana, T. G. H. Handoko, Melanie Widjaja, G. Octavius","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.319","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Rotavirus is still a significant contributing morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients.\u0000 AIM\u0000 To look at clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory findings that can predict rotavirus gastroenteritis compared to non-rotavirus gastroenteritis.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 This was a cross-sectional study with medical records obtained from December 2015 to December 2019. Inclusion criteria for this study include all hospitalised pediatric patients (0-18 years old) diagnosed with suspected rotavirus diarrhea. The receiver operating curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test would be used to assess the final prediction findings' calibration (goodness of fit) and discrimination performance.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 This study included 267 participants with 187 (70%) rotavirus-diarrhea cases. The patients were primarily male in both rotavirus (65.2%) and non-rotavirus (62.5%) groups. The median age is 1.33 years old (0.08-17.67 years old). Multivariate analysis shows that wet season (ORadj = 2.5; 95%CI: 1.3-4.8, Padj = 0.006), length of stay (LOS) ≥ 3 days (ORadj = 5.1; 95%CI: 1.4-4.8, Padj = 0.015), presence of abdominal pain (ORadj = 3.0; 95%CI: 1.3-6.8, Padj = 0.007), severe dehydration (ORadj = 2.9; 95%CI: 1.1-7.9, Padj = 0.034), abnormal white blood cell counts (ORadj = 2.8; 95%CI: 1.3-6.0, Padj = 0.006), abnormal random blood glucose (ORadj = 2.3; 95%CI: 1.2-4.4, Padj = 0.018) and presence of fecal leukocytes (ORadj = 4.1, 95%CI: 1.7-9.5, Padj = 0.001) are predictors of rotavirus diarrhea. The area under the curve for this model is 0.819 (95%CI: 0.746-0.878, P value < 0.001), which shows that this model has good discrimination.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 Wet season, LOS ≥ 3 d, presence of abdominal pain, severe dehydration, abnormal white blood cell counts, abnormal random blood glucose, and presence of fecal leukocytes predict rotavirus diarrhea.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-autism: What a paediatrician should know about early diagnosis of autism‎","authors":"Mohammed Al-Beltagi","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.273","url":null,"abstract":"Autism, also known as an autism spectrum disorder, is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder usually diagnosed in the first three years of a child's life. A range of symptoms characterizes it and can be diagnosed at any age, including adolescence and adulthood. However, early diagnosis is crucial for effective management, prognosis, and care. Unfortunately, there are no established fetal, prenatal, or newborn screening programs for autism, making early detection difficult. This review aims to shed light on the early detection of autism prenatally, natally, and early in life, during a stage we call as “pre-autism” when typical symptoms are not yet apparent. Some fetal, neonatal, and infant biomarkers may predict an increased risk of autism in the coming baby. By developing a biomarker array, we can create an objective diagnostic tool to diagnose and rank the severity of autism for each patient. These biomarkers could be genetic, immunological, hormonal, metabolic, amino acids, acute phase reactants, neonatal brainstem function biophysical activity, behavioral profile, body measurements, or radiological markers. However, every biomarker has its accuracy and limitations. Several factors can make early detection of autism a real challenge. To improve early detection, we need to overcome various challenges, such as raising community awareness of early signs of autism, improving access to diagnostic tools, reducing the stigma attached to the diagnosis of autism, and addressing various culturally sensitive concepts related to the disorder.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association’s guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine public health","authors":"S. Moreton, G. Cox, Mark Sheldon, S. Bailis, Jeffrey D Klausner, Brian J. Morris","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.244","url":null,"abstract":"The British Medical Association (BMA) guidance on non-therapeutic circumcision (NTMC) of male children is limited to ethical, legal and religious issues. Here we evaluate criticisms of the BMA’s guidance by Lempert et al . While their arguments promoting autonomy and consent might be superficially appealing, their claim of high procedural risks and negligible benefits seem one-sided and contrast with high quality evidence of low risk and lifelong benefits. Extensive literature reviews by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in developing evidence-based policies, as well as risk-benefit analyses, have found that the medical benefits of infant NTMC greatly exceed the risks, and there is no reduction in sexual function and pleasure. The BMA’s failure to consider the medical benefits of early childhood NTMC may partly explain why this prophylactic intervention is discouraged in the United Kingdom. The consequence is higher prevalence of preventable infections, adverse medical conditions, suffering and net costs to the UK’s National Health Service for treatment of these. Many of the issues and contradictions in the BMA guidance identified by Lempert et al stem from the BMA’s guidance not being sufficiently evidence-based. Indeed, that document called for a review by others of the medical issues surrounding NTMC. While societal factors apply, ultimately, NTMC can only be justified rationally on scientific, evidence-based grounds. Parents are entitled to an accurate presentation of the medical evidence so that they can make an informed decision. Their decision either for or against NTMC should then be respected.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal calcification in children with renal tubular acidosis: What a paediatrician ‎should ‎know‎","authors":"Mohammed Al-Beltagi, N. Saeed, A. Bediwy, Reem Elbeltagi, Samir Hasan, Mohamed Basiony Hamza","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.295","url":null,"abstract":"Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) can lead to renal calcification in children, which can cause various complications and impair renal function. This review provides pediatricians with a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between RTA and renal calcification, highlighting essential aspects for clinical management. The article analyzed relevant studies to explore the prevalence, risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and clinical implications of renal calcification in children with RTA. Results show that distal RTA (type 1) is particularly associated with nephrocalcinosis, which presents a higher risk of renal calcification. However, there are limitations to the existing literature, including a small number of studies, heterogeneity in methodologies, and potential publication bias. Longitudinal data and control groups are also lacking, which limits our understanding of long-term outcomes and optimal management strategies for children with RTA and renal calcification. Pediatricians play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and management of RTA to mitigate the risk of renal calcification and associated complications. In addition, alkaline therapy remains a cornerstone in the treatment of RTA, aimed at correcting the acid-base imbalance and reducing the formation of kidney stones. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic interventions are paramount in preventing and managing renal calcification to preserve renal function and improve long-term outcomes for affected children. Further research with larger sample sizes and rigorous methodologies is needed to optimize the clinical approach to renal calcification in the context of RTA in the pediatric population.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter into the stomach with or without trans-oral extrusion: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis","authors":"R. Ghritlaharey","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.331","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Intra-gastric migration of the distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) catheter clinically presenting with or without trans-oral extrusion is one of the rare complications of VPS catheter insertion.\u0000 AIM\u0000 To identify the demographics, clinical presentation, clinical findings, and results of surgical therapy offered for the treatment of intra-gastric migration of the distal VPS catheter, clinically presented with or without trans-oral extrusion.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 An online search was performed for the extraction/retrieval of the published/ available literature pertaining to the above-mentioned VPS complication. Manuscripts were searched from PubMed, PMC (PubMed Central), ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases using various terminology relating to the VPS complications. The first case of migration of a VPS catheter into the stomach was reported in the year 1980, and the data were retrieved from 1980 to December 2022. Cases were categorized into two groups; Group A: Cases who had migration of the distal VPS catheter into the stomach and clinically presented with trans-oral extrusion of the same, and Group B: Cases who had migration of the distal VPS catheter into the stomach, but presented without trans-oral extrusion.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 A total of n = 46 cases (n = 27; 58.69% male, and n = 19; 41.3% females) were recruited for the systematic review. Group A included n = 32, and Group B n = 14 cases. Congenital hydrocephalus was the indication for the primary VPS insertion for approximately half of the (n = 22) cases. Approximately sixty percent (n = 27) of them were children ≤ 5 years of age at the time of the diagnosis of the complication mentioned above. In seventy-two percent (n = 33) cases, this complication was detected within 24 mo after the VPS insertion/last shunt revision. Clinical diagnosis was evident for the entire group A cases. Various diagnostic modalities were used to confirm the diagnosis for Group B cases. Various surgical procedures were offered for the management of the complication in n = 43 cases of both Groups. In two instances, intra-gastric migration of the distal VPS catheter was detected during the autopsy. This review documented four deaths.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 Intra-gastric migration of the peritoneal end of a VPS catheter is one of the rare complications of VPS catheter implantation done for the treatment of hydrocephalus across all age groups. It was more frequently reported in children, although also reported in adults and older people. A very high degree of clinical suspicion is required for the diagnosis of a case of an intra-gastric migration of the distal VPS catheter clinically presenting without trans-oral extrusion.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediabetes in children and adolescents: An updated review","authors":"Hak Yung Ng, Louis Tsz Wang Chan","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i5.263","url":null,"abstract":"Prediabetes, the precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is an intermediate stage between normal glucose homeostasis and overt diabetes. This asymptomatic metabolic state is increasingly prevalent in pediatric population and is very difficult to detect without appropriate screening. Studies have shown that a certain proportion of children with prediabetes will develop diabetes in a few years. Even more alarming is the evidence that youth-onset diabetes has a more aggressive clinical course with progressive beta-cell decline and accelerated end-organ damage. Despite its importance, several aspects involving prediabetes in childhood are disputed or unknown. This review presents the latest insights into this challenging entity and outlines a simplified screening approach to aid clinical practice. In summary, childhood prediabetes is an important clinical condition indicating the need for proper screening and timely intervention.","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accidental ingestion of foreign bodies/harmful materials in children from Bahrain: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Hasan M Isa,&nbsp;Shaikha A Aldoseri,&nbsp;Aysha S Abduljabbar,&nbsp;Khaled A Alsulaiti","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v12.i4.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i4.205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children like to discover their environment by putting substances in their mouths. This behavior puts them at risk of accidentally ingesting foreign bodies (FBs) or harmful materials, which can cause serious morbidities.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, complications, management, and outcomes of accidental ingestion of FBs, caustics, and medications in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children admitted for accidental ingestion to the Department of Pediatrics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain, between 2011 and 2021. Demographic data, type of FB/harmful material ingested, and investigations used for diagnosis and management were recorded. The patients were divided into three groups based on the type of ingested material (FBs, caustics, and medications). The three groups were compared based on patient demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), symptoms, ingestion scenario, endoscopic and surgical complications, management, and outcomes. The FB anatomical location was categorized as the esophagus, stomach, and bowel and compared with respect to symptoms. The Fisher's exact, Pearson's <i>χ</i>², Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 161 accidental ingestion episodes were documented in 153 children. Most children were boys (<i>n</i> = 85, 55.6%), with a median age of 2.8 (interquartile range: 1.8-4.4) years. Most participants ingested FBs (<i>n</i> = 108, 70.6%), 31 (20.3%) ingested caustics, and the remaining 14 (9.2%) ingested medications. Patients with caustic ingestion were younger at the time of presentation (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and were more symptomatic (<i>n</i> = 26/31, 89.7%) than those who ingested medications (<i>n</i> = 8/14, 57.1%) or FBs (<i>n</i> = 52/108, 48.6%) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The caustic group had more vomiting (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and coughing (<i>P</i> = 0.029) than the other groups. Most FB ingestions were asymptomatic (<i>n</i> = 55/108, 51.4%). In terms of FB location, most esophageal FBs were symptomatic (<i>n</i> = 14/16, 87.5%), whereas most gastric (<i>n</i> = 34/56, 60.7%) and intestinal FBs (<i>n</i> = 19/32, 59.4%) were asymptomatic (<i>P</i> = 0.002). Battery ingestion was the most common (<i>n</i> = 49, 32%). Unsafe toys were the main source of batteries (<i>n</i> = 22/43, 51.2%). Most episodes occurred while playing (<i>n</i> = 49/131, 37.4%) or when they were unwitnessed (<i>n</i> = 78, 57.4%). FBs were ingested more while playing (<i>P</i> < 0.001), caustic ingestion was mainly due to unsafe storage (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and medication ingestion was mostly due to a missing object (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Girls ingested more jewelry items than boys (<i>P</i> = 0.006). The stomach was the common location of FB lodgment, both radiologically (<i>n</i> = 54/123, 43.9%) and endoscopically (<i>n</i> = 31/91, 3","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"12 4","pages":"205-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1c/f2/WJCP-12-205.PMC10518745.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41161383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Mohammed Al-Beltagi,&nbsp;Nermin Kamal Saeed,&nbsp;Adel Salah Bediwy,&nbsp;Reem Elbeltagi,&nbsp;Rawan Alhawamdeh","doi":"10.5409/wjcp.v12.i4.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i4.171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or autism are more prone to gastrointestinal (GI) disorders than the general population. These disorders can significantly affect their health, learning, and development due to various factors such as genetics, environment, and behavior. The causes of GI disorders in children with ASD can include gut dysbiosis, immune dysfunction, food sensitivities, digestive enzyme deficiencies, and sensory processing differences. Many studies suggest that numerous children with ASD experience GI problems, and effective management is crucial. Diagnosing autism is typically done through genetic, neurological, functional, and behavioral assessments and observations, while GI tests are not consistently reliable. Some GI tests may increase the risk of developing ASD or exacerbating symptoms. Addressing GI issues in individuals with ASD can improve their overall well-being, leading to better behavior, cognitive function, and educational abilities. Proper management can improve digestion, nutrient absorption, and appetite by relieving physical discomfort and pain. Alleviating GI symptoms can improve sleep patterns, increase energy levels, and contribute to a general sense of well-being, ultimately leading to a better quality of life for the individual and improved family dynamics. The primary goal of GI interventions is to improve nutritional status, reduce symptom severity, promote a balanced mood, and increase patient independence.</p>","PeriodicalId":75338,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","volume":"12 4","pages":"171-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7d/a2/WJCP-12-171.PMC10518744.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}