Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Grazing disturbance reduces biocrust-related cyanobacteria and N-fixer abundance but increases bacterial diversity: Implications for biocrust restoration in degraded drylands","authors":"Yue Li ,&nbsp;Yuqi Sun ,&nbsp;Longkat Ayuba Gufwan ,&nbsp;Li Wu ,&nbsp;Shubin Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overgrazing is a major driver of dryland degradation, however, so far, there is limited understanding on how this process affects biocrust-related microbial community, and especially how the key groups respond to grazing disturbance. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high throughout sequencing technologies were used to investigate the bacterial community abundance and diversity in the Horqin Sandland (China) experiencing different livestock grazing disturbances, in order to examine whether a shift in bacterial community (in particular the key biocrust components, cyanobacteria) was involved, and how this was related to biocrust development and altered soil carbon and nitrogen level. Our results revealed that a clear heterogeneous soil bacterial community was associated with grazing disturbance, which inhibited biocrust development. The decreased photosynthetic cyanobacterial abundance (81.81 % in relative abundance and 98.83 % in absolute abundance) and nitrogen-fixing genes (87.72 %), associated with the lower total carbon and nitrogen content (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05), illustrated a low soil carbon and nitrogen-fixing capability and nutrient level in the grazing-disturbed soils. In particular, a switch of nitrogen-fixing dominance from cyanobacteria to proteobacteria was induced by the grazing disturbance. Compared to the grazing-disturbed soils, higher dominant cyanobacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (especially the species of <em>Nostoc</em> and <em>Scytonema</em>) and lower bacterial diversity (e.g., Shannon, Ace, and Chao index) were observed in the undisturbed biocrust soils, highlighting that the dominants rather than diversity played more important roles in biocrust development. Collectively, our results demonstrate that cyanobacteria are very sensitive (even more than others, e.g., proteobacteria and actinobacteria) to grazing disturbance, therefore, we propose that cyanobacterial inoculation is likely an effective approach to supplement soil cyanobacterial abundance, which is expected to induce biocrust development and increase carbon and nitrogen level in the disturbed drylands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109367"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing soil ecosystem multifunctionality through combined conservation tillage and legume-based crop rotation in the North China Plain","authors":"Wenxuan Liu ,&nbsp;Cong He ,&nbsp;Shouwei Han ,&nbsp;Baijian Lin ,&nbsp;Wensheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yash Pal Dang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhao ,&nbsp;Hailin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation agriculture (CA), based on principles of conservation tillage (CT) and crop rotations, has been adopted as a solution to global climate change. However, interactions between these principles and their cumulative effects on soil functions and crop productivity are not yet fully understood. Herein, a 4-year filed experiment was conducted to assess the impact of CA on soil ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) in the North China Plain (NCP). The results showed that CA improved EMF by up to 532 % compared to traditional agriculture (rotary tillage under wheat and maize rotation system). This enhancement is mainly driven by a 12.3 % increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, an 8.3 % reduction in soil carbon to nitrogen ratio (C: N), a 68.3 % boost in soil enzyme activities index (SEI), and a 59.7 % increase in available phosphorus (AP) under legume-based crop rotations (LBCR) compared to maize-wheat-maize-wheat (MWMW). The principle of CT improved soil physical structure, enhancing soil aggregate stability by up to 38.1 % compared to rotary tillage (RT). Although, the benefits of CT on crop yield were not always observed, positive interactions on crop yield occurred under LBCR combined with CT. For instance, the soybean-wheat-soybean-wheat (SWSW) rotation produced 40.8 % higher yields than the MWMW rotation under CT. Overall, benefits of CT in improving soil structure, along with the increased diversity crop residues, adjustments in soil nutrient stoichiometric ratios, and enhanced soil enzyme activity under LBCR, led to improved SOC sequestration, crop yield and EMF under CA. The positive interactions between the principles of CA demonstrate its ability to enhance ecosystem multifunctionality. As a result, the combination of CT and LBCR within CA is recommended to sustain the productivity in NCP and other regions with similar conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109355"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of mound building and caching by steppe mouse (Mus spicilegus Petényi) on the vegetation in agroecosystems","authors":"Laura Godó ,&nbsp;Orsolya Valkó ,&nbsp;Sándor Borza ,&nbsp;Attila Ferenc ,&nbsp;Réka Kiss ,&nbsp;Katalin Lukács ,&nbsp;Balázs Deák","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several rodent species are considered ecosystem engineers. They exert profound changes in agroecosystems by disturbing the soil during their activities. The steppe mouse (<em>Mus spicilegus</em>) inhabits various agroecosystems and constructs conspicuous mounds for overwintering using piled up plant material and soil. These mounds are widespread in many agroecosystems and may significantly affect the vegetation. In our study, we evaluated the effect of mound building activity of the steppe mouse on the vegetation of agroecosystems in Hungary. We sampled the cache content of 90 mounds in total located in old fields, alfalfa fields, and annual crop fields, and surveyed the aboveground vegetation of the mounds and their surrounding undisturbed matrix in 39 paired plots. Mice cached large amounts of seeds belonging mostly to weeds. In total we found 50,413 germinable seeds of 30 species in the cache content samples. However, the mound vegetation and the cache shared only a few species, suggesting that seeds cached by the mice do not contribute to the regenerating vegetation on the mounds. Soil disturbance by mice created distinct vegetation patches with species composition and structure different from the neighbouring undisturbed matrix. Early secondary successional vegetation patches on mounds introduced small-scale heterogeneity into the homogenous agricultural landscape, increased plant diversity and provided distinct flower resources for pollinators. The detected differences in the aboveground vegetation between the mound and the matrix in the studied habitats suggest that the steppe mouse acts as a facultative engineer species in agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109359"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exogenous nitrogen addition on soil organic nitrogen fractions in different fertility soils: Result from a 15N cross-labeling experiment","authors":"Yu Ning ,&nbsp;Shuailin Li ,&nbsp;Chuanchuan Ning ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Ren ,&nbsp;Zhuqing Xia ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Yun Gao ,&nbsp;Xinhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiang Ma ,&nbsp;Wantai Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exogenous nitrogen (N) addition serves as a pivotal nutrient management strategy, significantly enhancing agricultural production by regulating soil N availability and retention. However, the dynamics of soil organic nitrogen (SON) fractions in response to various forms of exogenous N addition across differing soil fertility levels remain inadequately understood. This study utilized data from a 25-year fertilization experiment and a ¹⁵N cross-labeling experiment in Northeast China to assess and quantify the effects of mineral N fertilizers and organic materials (manure and straw) on SON fractions in NPK (mineral fertilizer addition) and NPKM (NPK combined with composted pig manure) treatments. Our findings indicate that long-term incorporation of manure substantially elevates soil fertility compared to the exclusive use of mineral fertilizers. Notably, exogenous N primarily boosts soil N availability by enhancing acid-soluble organic N fractions, particularly ammonium nitrogen (AN) and amino acid nitrogen (AAN). Organic materials, particularly straw, significantly enhanced the retention of mineral fertilizer N in both NPK and NPKM treatments (9.54 % vs 10.70 %). Moreover, over 70 % of the N from straw or manure remained in the soil as stable SON fractions. While straw rapidly improves low-fertility soils, manure contributes to enhanced soil N reserves and increased crop yields. Therefore, incorporating organic matter may bolster soil N sequestration in Northeast China, which is contingent upon soil fertility and tailored fertilizer management strategies. This research elucidates the distribution and conversion of exogenous N within SON pools, facilitating optimized N management, sustaining yields, reducing farmland N pollution, and promoting agricultural sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109366"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional groups of leaf phenology are key to build climate-resilience in cocoa agroforestry systems","authors":"Issaka Abdulai ,&nbsp;Munir Hoffmann ,&nbsp;Helena Kahiluoto ,&nbsp;Michaela A. Dippold ,&nbsp;Mutez A. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Richard Asare ,&nbsp;Winston Asante ,&nbsp;Reimund P. Rötter","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agroforestry has the potential to enhance climate change adaptation. While benefits from agroforestry systems consisting of cash crops and shade trees are usually attributed to the (shade) trees, the trees can also have negative impacts due to resource competition with crops. Our hypothesis is that leaf phenology and height of shade trees determine their seasonal effect on crops. We test this hypothesis by categorizing shade tree species into functional groups based on leaf phenology, shade tree canopy height and shade tree light (wet and dry season) interception as well as the effects. To this end, leaf phenology and the effects on microclimate (temperature, air humidity, intercepted photoactive radiation (PAR)), soil water, stomatal conductance and cocoa yield were monitored monthly during wet and dry seasons over a two-year period on smallholder cocoa plantations in the northern cocoa belt of Ghana. Seven leaf phenological groups were identified. In the wet season, highest buffering effect of microclimate was recorded under the trees brevi-deciduous before dry season. During dry season, high PAR and lowest reduction in soil moisture were observed under the trees in the group of completely deciduous during dry season. The evergreen groups also showed less reduction in soil water than the brevi-deciduous groups. In the wet season, shade tree effects on cocoa tree yields in their sub canopy compared to the respective control of outer canopy with full sun ranged from positive (+10 %) to negative (-15 %) for the deciduous groups, while yield reductions for the evergreen groups ranged from −20 % to −33 %. While there were negative yield impacts for all phenological groups in the dry season, the trees in completely deciduous during dry season group recorded least penalties (-12 %) and the trees with evergreen upper canopy the highest (-35 %). The function of shade trees in enhancing climate resilience is therefore strongly dependent on their leaf phenological characteristics. Our study demonstrates how the key trait leaf phenology can be applied to successful design of climate-resilient agroforestry systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109363"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient enrichment weakens community temporal stability via asynchrony and species dominance in a subalpine grassland","authors":"Xiaoling Gan ,&nbsp;Weibin Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Ye ,&nbsp;Yuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Chuanyan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and frequent nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs have seriously disrupted the stability of many ecosystems, prompting us to find the main mechanisms driving these changes across various ecological systems, which is crucial for predicting ecosystem responses to reactive nutrient inputs. While the mechanisms underlying N-induced stability have been extensively studied, the effects of P and simultaneous N and P enrichment on ecological stability and their driving mechanisms are less understood, particularly in alpine ecosystems. To address this gap, we conducted a short-term (2019–2023) simulation experiment of N and P enrichment in a subalpine grassland of Qilian Mountain to evaluate the effects of nutrient enrichment on ecosystem stability and to identify its potential mechanisms. Our findings demonstrated that five-year nutrient enrichment did not obviously affect species richness/dominance, but N+P enrichment significantly decreased both community aboveground biomass (AGB) and the AGB of dominant species. In addition, community temporal stability was strongly reduced with both N and N+P enrichment. This negative impact was directly driven by the stability of dominant species, species dominance, and compensatory effects, which together explained 77 % of the variation in stability according to structural equation modeling (SEM). Moreover, species richness indirectly influenced community stability through species asynchrony. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the roles of compensatory effects and dominant species in driving changes in ecosystem stability under nutrient enrichment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of grassland greenhouse gas emissions to different human disturbances – A global Meta-analysis","authors":"Yong Cao ,&nbsp;Zemin Ai ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Dang ,&nbsp;Huan Liu ,&nbsp;Qingqing Li ,&nbsp;Mengjia Hou ,&nbsp;Yuyan Yao ,&nbsp;Yi Deng ,&nbsp;Lie Xiao ,&nbsp;Shuaimeng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human disturbances have increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from grassland, worsening global warming. However, the response of grassland GHG (CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄) to human disturbances across various climatic zones requires further elucidation, as does the intricate relationship between GHG emissions and temperature and precipitation. A Meta-analysis of the effects of human disturbances on GHG in grassland over the past 40 years revealed that grazing, fertilization, mowing, and burning significantly influenced the total emissions of N₂O, CH₄, CO₂, and GHG from grassland. However, the light and moderate grazing exerted no substantial impact on CO₂ emission flux. In frigid zone grassland, the N₂O emission flux was most significantly affected by grazing, the CH₄ emission flux affected by fertilization was higher than grazing, and the CO₂ emission flux was more sensitive to heavy grazing than severe fertilization. In temperate grassland and savanna, GHG emission flux was most sensitive to fertilization, with CO₂ emission flux in savanna being particularly responsive to burning. The effect of increased temperature and precipitation on CO_2e in fertilized grassland was approximately double that of grazed grassland and quadruple that of mowed grassland. This study emphasizes the increased effect of human disturbances on GHG emissions in the grassland, especially with the most significant impact of fertilization disturbances on GHG emissions in most grassland areas. Lowering the level of fertilization during grassland management could serve as a crucial step in mitigating GHG emissions from grassland. In summary, rigorous control of disturbance intensity represented an effective strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, albeit potentially impacting grassland productivity. Future endeavors should focus on determining the optimal disturbance intensity to strike a balance amidst these complex effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109362"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefit of weeds for crop-plant mycobiota in agroecosystems: Integrating ecological demonstration and management applicability","authors":"Claire Ricono ,&nbsp;Jie Hu ,&nbsp;Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse ,&nbsp;Audrey Alignier ,&nbsp;Cendrine Mony","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural intensification reduces not only biodiversity in agroecosystems but also key ecosystem functions such as soil fertility. By reintroducing biological diversity in fields, weeds may enhance soil biological fertility through their influence on crop microbiota. However, letting weeds grow in crop fields will depend on weed competitiveness, farmers’ perception and acceptance, and on crop management, which influences the occurrence and the abundance of weeds in the field. This study assessed the use of eight weed species to modify wheat plant root endospheric mycobiota, and the applicability of using these plants for mycobiota enrichment in the field. By combining controlled lab experiments and field studies, we demonstrated that weeds act either as a refuge for a high diversity of fungi or as a vector for transferring fungi to the crop, particularly symbionts. Weeds differed in their competitive effect on wheat growth and only three species significantly reduced wheat growth. Interviews with farmers’ revealed that weed species were better known and more appreciated in crop fields by organic farmers than by conventional farmers. Floristic surveys confirmed that both weed occurrence and cover were higher in organic fields than in conventional fields. A multicriteria analysis showed that <em>Trifolium repens</em> and <em>V. persica</em> had the highest potential for promoting wheat plant mycobiota. Among the weed species tested, these two are worth considering as auxiliaries to improve soil biological fertility in crop fields. Their use with the goal of selecting appropriate crop mycobiota should be relatively easier in organic farms where weeds are better accepted, whereas their use in conventional farms would require raising farmers’ awareness of the benefits of weeds for soil fertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109357"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercropping increases plant water availability and water use efficiency: A synthesis","authors":"Huaqing Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Gao ,&nbsp;Changjian Li ,&nbsp;Yaohui Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Song ,&nbsp;Xining Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intercropping, involving the incorporation of annual crops with alternative crops or non-crop cash crops, has the potential to enhance water conservation and stabilize agroecosystems. However, few studies have comprehensively explored the effects of intercropping on water cycling. Here, we investigated the impacts of intercropping on five crucial water cycle processes (states): soil water content (SWC), runoff (RO), soil evaporation (E), leaf transpiration (LT), and water use efficiency (WUE). To this end, a meta-analysis was carried out utilizing a global dataset comprising 1285 paired observations from 64 publications. We found that intercropping reduced SWC (1.31 %), RO (29.17 %), and E (10.30 %), but increased LT (9.85 %) and WUE (29.46 %). The effects of intercropping on SWC, E, and RO did not exhibit significant fluctuations over the course of a year, but SWC initially decreased then increased in multi-year planting durations. Moreover, the intercropping effect was contingent upon climatic conditions (mean annual precipitation and temperature), soil characteristics (organic matter content, bulk density, and total nitrogen content), and agricultural practices (crop type, fertilization, and irrigation). We determined that resource complementarity, abiotic facilitation, and biotic feedback mechanisms may underlie the effect of intercropping on the water cycle. This research underscores the potential of using intercropping to improve plant water usage and the sustainability and productivity of cropping systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109360"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapid increase of soil organic carbon in paddy fields after applying organic fertilizer with reduced inorganic fertilizer and water-saving irrigation is linked with alterations in the structure and function of soil bacteria","authors":"Ligong Peng ,&nbsp;Sicheng Deng ,&nbsp;Yizhu Wu ,&nbsp;Wentao Yi ,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangbin Yao ,&nbsp;Pipeng Xing ,&nbsp;Qichang Gu ,&nbsp;Jianying Qi ,&nbsp;Xiangru Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil organic carbon (SOC), a direct reflection of carbon (C) sequestration, is associated with soil fertility, rice yield, and greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields. Paddy field management practices are the primary cause of SOC changes. Aromatic rice, popular among consumers for its unique aroma, is cultivated and managed differently from conventional rice, and the underlying mechanisms of C sequestration in aromatic rice paddies have not been fully explored. Field experiments were conducted across two years, at five distinct ecological sites in Xingning (XN), Nanxiong (NX), Conghua (CH), Luoding (LD), and Zengcheng (ZC), implementing two treatments: inorganic fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer and water-saving irrigation (IOW), and conventional cultivation (CC). C inputs from rice roots and straw, SOC content, CO₂ emission fluxes and totals, soil bacterial community composition and soil bacterial metabolic pathways were analyzed and measured. This study also investigated the interaction between SOC content and soil microbes in paddy fields under IOW treatment. The results showed that compared with CC, IOW significantly increased SOC content (16.5 %), reduced CO₂ emission fluxes and totals (11.6–18.5 %), enhanced aromatic rice yield (15.1 %) and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content (14.8 %). IOW significantly altered the soil bacterial community, enhanced C sequestration metabolic pathways and attenuated C consumption pathways in paddy fields, thereby increasing SOC content in aromatic rice paddies. Random forest analysis discovered that the most important bacteria associated with SOC content in paddy fields were <em>Planctomycetota</em>, <em>Verrucomicrobia</em>, and <em>Gemmatimonadetes</em>, while the most critical functions included other glycan degradation, CH₄ metabolism, and mannose type O-glycan biosynthesis. Additionally, IOW increased C inputs from straw and roots (3.1 % and 5.5 %, respectively), contributing to the increased SOC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109353"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}