Effects of annual cropland and season on pollen diversity and pesticide exposure in honey bee colonies

IF 6.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Sarah Manzer , Douglas Sponsler , Alexander Keller , Carolina Honert , Carsten A. Brühl , Giulia Mainardi , Ricarda Scheiner , Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
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Abstract

Honey bees face multiple stressors, with cropland expansion, pesticide use, and lack of floral resources being major contributors. However, few studies have jointly investigated altered floral resources and pesticide contaminations in landscapes with increasing dominance of annual crops. Therefore, we studied pollen diversity and current-use pesticide (CUP) residues in pollen samples from 36 honey bee colonies in Lower Franconia, Southern Germany. The nine study sites covered a gradient of annual cropland ranging from 43 % to 97 % within a two-kilometre radius. Pollen was sampled from July to mid-August 2021. Using DNA metabarcoding, a total of 140 different pollen species were identified in 540 pollen samples. Contrary to expectations, pollen richness and Shannon diversity did not decrease with increasing annual cropland area. Instead, richness and diversity showed high temporal turnover and site-specific variation, likely influenced by crop diversity, agro-environmental schemes, and the heterogeneity of surrounding habitats. We conclude that site-specific factors drive the richness and diversity of pollen foraged by honey bees. Among the 16 CUPs detected, fungicides were the most prominent, with notably high concentrations in pollen (3300.5 µg/kg fludioxonil and 971.6 µg/kg azoxystrobin). The probability of detecting fungicides was positively associated with the relative abundance of sunflower pollen, although the detected CUPs were not authorized during flowering. Overall, we observed low pesticide contaminations (39 % of samples), which could be attributed to reduced pesticide applications to the end of the cropping season. Our data indicates that brood in late summer, when long-living winter bees are developing, is less exposed to pesticide residues in pollen compared to earlier phases in the cropping season.
农田和季节对蜂群花粉多样性和农药暴露的影响
蜜蜂面临多重压力,农田扩张、农药使用和缺乏花卉资源是主要因素。然而,很少有研究联合调查一年生作物优势增加的景观中植物资源的变化和农药污染。因此,我们研究了德国南部Lower Franconia地区36个蜂群花粉样本中的花粉多样性和现行农药(CUP)残留。这9个研究地点覆盖了半径2公里范围内43 %至97 %的年耕地梯度。花粉取样于2021年7月至8月中旬。利用DNA元条形码技术,在540份花粉样本中鉴定出140种不同的花粉种类。与预期相反,花粉丰富度和香农多样性并未随着年耕地面积的增加而降低。相反,丰富度和多样性表现出较高的时间周转和地点特异性变化,可能受到作物多样性、农业环境方案和周围生境异质性的影响。我们得出结论,特定地点的因素决定了蜜蜂觅食花粉的丰富度和多样性。16种CUPs中杀菌剂含量最高,花粉中杀菌剂含量最高(3300.5 µg/kg氟菌腈和971.6 µg/kg偶氮嘧菌酯)。检测到的杀菌剂的概率与向日葵花粉的相对丰度呈正相关,尽管检测到的杀菌剂未在开花期间被批准。总体而言,我们观察到农药污染较低(39% %的样品),这可能是由于在种植季结束时减少了农药施用。我们的数据表明,在夏末,当长寿的冬季蜜蜂正在发育时,与种植季节的早期阶段相比,幼虫较少暴露于花粉中的农药残留。
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来源期刊
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
11.70
自引率
9.10%
发文量
392
审稿时长
26 days
期刊介绍: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment publishes scientific articles dealing with the interface between agroecosystems and the natural environment, specifically how agriculture influences the environment and how changes in that environment impact agroecosystems. Preference is given to papers from experimental and observational research at the field, system or landscape level, from studies that enhance our understanding of processes using data-based biophysical modelling, and papers that bridge scientific disciplines and integrate knowledge. All papers should be placed in an international or wide comparative context.
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