Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the influence of cover crops with native plant species on soil and berry microbiota in a Moscatel Galego vineyard: Implications for sustainable viticulture","authors":"António Teixeira ,&nbsp;Viviana Martins ,&nbsp;José Manso ,&nbsp;Sofia Correia ,&nbsp;Ana Rita Ferreira ,&nbsp;Natacha Fontes ,&nbsp;António Graça ,&nbsp;Hernâni Gerós","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The understanding of how cover crops composed of native plant species affect soil and berry microbiota within vineyards is not yet elucidated. Through separate bacterial and fungal community profiling of soil and berry samples, the study elucidates the differential effects of cover crop mixtures on microbial communities within a Moscatel Galego vineyard. The results indicate distinct microbial habitats in soil and berries, each harbouring specific sets of microbes. Soil samples exhibit higher species richness compared to berries, with notable differences in taxonomic profiles between the two habitats. Cover crop species mixtures exert significant effects on soil microbial communities, as evidenced by canonical analysis and PERMANOVA tests. Interestingly, the impact of cover crops on berry microbiota is more nuanced, with fewer indicator species identified compared to soil, which may be due to the incomplete establishment of the cover crops. Nevertheless, cover crop treatments indicate some influence on berry microbiota composition, particularly in treatments featuring grasses and legumes. Identifying cover crop mixture-sensitive operational taxonomic units (<em>cms</em>OTUs) further highlights the specific microbial taxa influenced by different cover crop species mixtures. Analysis of co-occurrence patterns within microbial communities reveals distinct networks for soil and berry microbiota, with cover crop-sensitive OTUs agglomerating according to cover crop mixtures in soil. Conversely, the berry microbiota network exhibits fewer distinct modules, suggesting a broader impact of cover crop mixtures on microbial communities. By elucidating the impacts of cover crop species mixtures on microbial communities, this research contributes to the development of sustainable vineyard management practices aimed at enhancing soil health and grapevine physiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109384"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of crop rotation on plant- and microbial-derived carbon within particulate and mineral fractions in paddy soils","authors":"Yalin Yu ,&nbsp;Ningxuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Ying Ren ,&nbsp;Menghan Dong ,&nbsp;Guofeng Sun ,&nbsp;Ahmad Latif Virk ,&nbsp;Feng-Min Li ,&nbsp;Haishui Yang ,&nbsp;Zheng-Rong Kan","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paddy soil is an important soil organic carbon (SOC) sink, and particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) are distinct components of SOC concerning their formation and function. However, the contributions of plant- (lignin phenols) and microbial- (amino sugars) derived C within the POC and MAOC fractions of SOC under various paddy field rotation systems have not yet been documented. Thus, we conducted an 8-year field experiment encompassing four distinct crop rotation systems: wheat-rice (W-R), rapeseed-rice (R-R), Chinese milk vetch-rice (A-R), and A-R with a 20 % reduction in nitrogen fertilizer (A-R-N). From 2017–2023, crop rotation improved the concentration of amino sugars (AS) in POC and the lignin phenols (VSC) in MAOC. Compared to the beginning of the experiment, the W-R significantly improved the SOC stock at 0–20 cm by 84.1 % by promoting the formation of POC (69.5 %) and MAOC (101.5 %) in 2023. W-R increased the content and proportion of AS in POC, as well as the content of VSC compared with the other treatments. Nevertheless, rice yield does not increase synergistically with SOC. On average, W-R had the lowest rice yield and decreased rice yield by 9.2 %, 2.8 %, and 5.6 % compared to R-R, A-R, and A-R-N, respectively. However, the annual yield of W-R was 9.7 %, 62.6 %, and 57.9 % higher than that of R-R, A-R, and A-R-N, respectively. Our findings highlight that incorporating rapeseed and Chinese milk vetch can increase next-stubble rice yield slightly but is not conducive to carbon sequestration in rice fields, and wheat-rice is a promising cropping system for sustaining SOC sequestration and crop production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109398"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing organic carbon sequestration in soil aggregates for building high quality carbon stocks in improved grazing lands","authors":"Tushar C. Sarker ,&nbsp;Anil C. Somenahally ,&nbsp;Adrian Romero ,&nbsp;Monte Rouquette Jr. ,&nbsp;Gerald Smith ,&nbsp;Girisha Ganjegunte","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil aggregation is critical for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and ecosystem services in improved grazing lands (IGLs). Evaluating soil aggregation under various IGL practices can better inform SOC accumulation potential. Assessing SOC within soil aggregates and examining quality indicators can provide additional insights for building stable SOC stocks. The objective of this study was to analyze soil aggregation and aggregate-SOC content and its quality parameters to evaluate the long-term (&gt;50 years) impacts of different grazing and fertilization practices on SOC-sequestration in comparison to a minimally managed native pine forestry site (FS). Experimental treatments in IGLs included two grazing pressures of high (HGP) and low (LGP), and two nitrogen (N) fertilization of either only organic-N (oN) through a legume rotation or only inorganic fertilized (iN). Soil cores collected from a 0–60 cm soil profiles were separated by depth, which were further separated into aggregate fractions through dry sieving. Individual aggregate fractions were analyzed for SOC content, CN ratio (CNR) and fungal to bacterial ratio (FBR) to evaluate the quantity and quality of SOC. Results indicated contrasting trends between soil aggregation and SOC in response to grazing and N management. Sand-free Mean Weight Diameter (sfMWD, mm 50 g^–1) was higher in HGiN (1.03 mm), HGoN (1.00 mm), and in FS (0.95 mm) compared to LGoN (0.76 mm) and LGiN (0.65 mm). Whereas aggregate-SOC (g kg^–1) and stocks (Mg ha^–1) were significantly higher in LGiN (7.64 and 40.3, respectively) and LGoN (5.06 and 39.3, respectively), than HGoN (3.77 and 20.8, respectively) and HGiN (5.63 and 26.7, respectively), but comparable to FS (4.61 and 44.2, respectively). Higher SOC in LGP was largely due to higher independent-MOC (mineral occluded carbon in silt+clay). Higher soil aggregation under HGP did not increase SOC, confirming the potential loss due to overgrazing effects. Comparison of the summed-index based on several SOC quality indicators, including CNR and FBR, ranked FS highest, followed by LGoN and LGiN. Although LGiN accumulated the highest SOC stocks, a combined quantitative and qualitative assessment of SOC sequestration revealed that low intensity grazing with reduced N input and integration of legumes was a superior IGLs practice. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating aggregate-SOC quality parameters to evaluate SOC-sequestration potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109403"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudostellaria heterophylla cultivar mixtures driven changes in rhizosphere metabolites to suppress soil-borne Fusarium disease","authors":"Yuting Liu ,&nbsp;Yixuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xingyue Wang ,&nbsp;Panpan Dang ,&nbsp;Antonino Malacrinò ,&nbsp;Jiaoyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhong Li ,&nbsp;Christopher Rensing ,&nbsp;Zhongyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenxiong Lin ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongmiao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crop diversification contributes to a decrease in soil-borne crop diseases, as well as an increase in agricultural productivity. However, few studies have investigated the changes in the composition of the rhizosphere microbial communities and rhizosphere metabolites, as well as their suppressive effect on soil-borne diseases under different crop cultivar mixture regimes. We carried out a series of experiments to assess changes in the rhizosphere microbial community and metabolites profile under different <em>Pseudostellaria heterophylla</em> cultivar mixture cultivation in consecutive monoculture fields by employing amplicon metagenomics (16S rRNA, ITS, and 18S rRNA) and non-targeted metabolomics. The impact of key metabolites on pathogenic <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, crop growth, and soil microorganisms was assessed under controlled conditions. Our study indicated that the cultivar mixtures improved the <em>P. heterophylla</em> performance, increased the fresh root biomass by 81.9–115.4 % and the heterophyllin B content by 35 % compared to the consecutive monoculture, respectively. Cultivar mixtures increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (<em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Nitrosospira</em>) and consumer protists, and decreased the abundance of pathogenic fungal genera (<em>Fusarium</em>, <em>Alternaria</em>, <em>Curvularia</em>, <em>Stemphylium</em>, <em>Gibberella</em>). The qPCR results indicated that the cultivar mixtures significantly decreased the abundance of pathogenic <em>F. oxysporum</em> by 64.0–84.3 % compared to the consecutive monoculture treatment. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis showed that the cultivar mixtures significantly altered the soil metabolite profiles, and increased the contents of d-galactose, galactinol, d-sorbitol, glycerol, melibiose, D-fructose and D-tagatose. Subsequently, the key upregulated metabolites (glycerol, d-fructose, gluconic acid, quinic acid, and l-valine), identified through the random forest analysis, significantly inhibited the growth of <em>F. oxysporum</em>. The crucial metabolites in the presence of a pathogen (<em>F. oxysporum</em>) and single metabolite treatment significantly increased the biomass, SOD and CAT activity and decreased the POD and MAD activity of <em>P. heterophylla</em> compared to FOP (<em>F. oxysporum</em> treatment). Furthermore, the crucial metabolites under pathogen treatment significantly lowered the abundance of total fungi and <em>F. oxysporum</em> and increased the abundance of <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. compared to FOP. Therefore, our study was able to emphasize the efficacy of using cultivar mixtures to combat soil-borne <em>Fusarium</em> disease through the modulation of rhizosphere metabolites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109409"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grassland irrigation and grazing prohibition have significantly affected vegetation and microbial diversity by changing soil temperature and moisture, evidences from a 6 years experiment of typical temperate grassland","authors":"Xi Lin ,&nbsp;Hongbin Zhao ,&nbsp;Shengwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Qinsi He ,&nbsp;Alfredo Huete ,&nbsp;Lin Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoduo Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaofu Zhang ,&nbsp;Qidi Zhang ,&nbsp;Simeng Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grasslands are characterized by high primary productivity and offer a diverse array of ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being. The dynamic balance between vegetation-soil in grassland ecosystems is being affected by anthropogenic activities and climate change, in which soil microbial communities play a critical regulating role. However, how microbial biodiversity interacts with vegetation-soil and responds to environmental change remains unclear. We conducted a six-year field experiment in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia to study the effects of grazing and altered precipitation on major vegetation types (or species), soil properties, and microbial community composition. The results showed that increased precipitation influenced positive associations within microbial communities, which helped to increase vegetation diversity. The biomass of <em>Stipa.sareptana</em> increased by 0.054 % under reduced precipitation, while it significantly increased by 2.07 % under the combination of grazing ban and reduced precipitation. Grazing prohibition had a significant negative effect on bacterial diversity and Shannon's index, but a significant positive effect on fungal diversity and abundance. Increasing precipitation had no significant effect on bacterial diversity under grazing conditions, while decreasing precipitation significantly reduced the Shannon index of bacteria. Fungal communities were very sensitive to changes in precipitation, and both increasing and decreasing precipitation significantly affected the structure of fungal communities. In summary, our results highlight how grassland irrigation and moderate grazing can be employed as a management strategy to promote plant diversity and thereby improve ecosystem functioning and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109414"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term organic matter inputs enhance soil health and reduce soil-borne pathogen pressure in maize-bean rotations in Kenya","authors":"Joyce C. Mutai ,&nbsp;Beth Medvecky ,&nbsp;Steven J. Vanek ,&nbsp;Esther W. Gikonyo ,&nbsp;John O. Ojiem ,&nbsp;Steven J. Fonte","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In smallholder farming systems across East Africa, soil-borne pathogens lead to significant crop losses, with their impact shaped by various factors such as management practices and soil properties. We conducted our research within an existing long-term (45-year) trial that manipulated synthetic fertilizers (N and P applied vs. no application), manure application (10 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ farmyard manure vs. no application), and maize stover management (retained vs. removed) in a full-factorial design within a maize–bean rotation. This study aimed to assess the impact of continuous organic nutrient inputs (farmyard manure and maize stover) and synthetic fertilizers on soil-borne pathogens (<em>Fusarium</em>, <em>Pythium</em>, root knot and lesion nematodes) and their relationships with key soil health parameters (organic matter fractions, aggregate stability, available P, soil pH, bulk density). Our results indicated that the addition of manure led to increases of 37 % in particulate organic matter, 114 % in permanganate oxidizable C, 74 % in aggregate stability, and 24 % in pH, compared to plots that did not receive manure. Similarly, maize residue retention enhanced particulate organic matter by 47 %, permanganate oxidizable C by 11 %, mean weight diameter by 28 %, and pH by 5 %. Manure significantly reduced root knot nematodes by 68 %, <em>Pythium</em> colonies by 39 %, and lesion nematodes by 28 %, but increased <em>Fusarium</em> by 205 %. In contrast, the impacts of synthetic fertilizers on soil health were less pronounced, with significant effects observed only for permanganate oxidizable C (5 % increase), available P (67 % increase), and <em>Pythium</em> (41 % reduction). Additionally, relationships between soil-borne pathogens and soil health variables indicated significant negative associations between particulate organic matter, permanganate oxidizable C, and pH with the abundance of plant parasitic nematodes and <em>Pythium</em>, but a positive association with <em>Fusarium. Pythium</em> and lesion nematodes were positively associated with bulk density. Our findings suggest that both manure and plant residue retention hold great promise for supporting long-term soil health and fertility, which can, in turn, reduce the impact of soil-borne pathogens on crop yields. This is a major challenge for low-income farmers in Kenya who practice continuous cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109402"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of agricultural nutrient removal by ecological ditches using meta-analysis","authors":"Jing Bai ,&nbsp;Yizhang Qin ,&nbsp;Jian Zhao ,&nbsp;Yonghui Song","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive nutrient export from agricultural areas is a growing threat to surface water bodies and aquatic ecosystems. Ecological ditches have been proposed to eliminate agricultural pollution. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal by ecological ditches, but the removal rates vary greatly. It is vital to evaluate and quantify the impact of the relevant factors influencing nutrient removal. In this study, the synthesis of TN and TP removal rates by eco-ditches was conducted using 115 groups of data derived from 66 articles sourced from Web of Science and Scopus. Overall, eutrophication risk was obviously reduced by ecological ditches, with TN and TP removal rates of over 40 %. Therefore, further analyses were conducted to identify the effect of plants, ditch lining, temperature, and hydraulic retention time on nutrient removal. Subgroup meta-analysis revealed that plant presence and plant combinations were important for water purification. With plant group optimization, partially lined eco-ditches were found to have similar effects to ecological soil ditches in latitudes between 25°N and 35°N. Temperature was a vital factor influencing N and P retention. The generalized additive model analysis indicated the optimal HRT for TN and TP retention was 24–48 h. The areal removal constants of a first-order model were obtained to estimate nutrient removal in different ecological ditches. Overall, ecological ditches have great potential for TN and TP removal of agricultural pollution, and the results of this study will help optimize ecological ditches designed to purify nutrient-rich agricultural runoff.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109401"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear response of soil microbial network complexity to long-term nitrogen addition in a semiarid grassland: Implications for soil carbon processes","authors":"Yaodan Zhang ,&nbsp;Decao Niu ,&nbsp;Qingwei Li ,&nbsp;Huiying Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Jingrun Xu ,&nbsp;Baoming Du ,&nbsp;Ding Guo ,&nbsp;Yubing Liu ,&nbsp;Hua Fu ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition alters the structure and function of soil microbial communities in terrestrial ecosystems, consequently exerting a profound influence on ecosystem processes. However, the effects of N deposition on soil microbial network complexity and its regulation of soil carbon (C) processes in semiarid grassland ecosystems are poorly understood. In this study, based on a 13-year multilevel field N addition experiment in a semiarid grassland on the Loess Plateau, together with metagenomic sequencing and co-occurrence network analysis methods, we observed that the complexity of microbial co-occurrence network, characterized by the number of nodes and edges and the average path length, increased first and then decreased in a nonlinear response to N addition, with thresholds between 4.60 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹ and 9.20 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹ in both the topsoil and subsoil. Meanwhile, soil microbial network complexity was significantly positively correlated with plant root traits (e.g., root biomass), soil microbial properties (e.g., fungal community composition and bacterial Shannon diversity and community composition) and most physicochemical properties (e.g., soil water content, NH₄⁺-N, and Fe_p). Structural equation model analysis (SEM) revealed that the major determinants of the soil microbial network complexity shifted from soil physicochemical properties to bacterial community composition along the N addition gradient. Further analysis revealed that N-induced alterations in microbial network complexity could modulate soil organic C (SOC) formation, preservation, and decomposition by affecting the functional potential of microbial communities. For instance, the microbial network complexity, abundance of functional genes involved in starch and hemicellulose degradation, and microbial C use efficiency decreased significantly under high levels of N addition. These results provide empirical evidence for the close linkages between soil microbial network complexity and soil C processes and highlight the need to disentangle the mechanisms underlying the nonlinear response of soil microbial interactions to atmospheric N deposition to improve soil C projections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109407"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A system dynamics model for predicting African armyworm occurrence and population dynamics","authors":"Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame ,&nbsp;Brian Kipkorir ,&nbsp;Komi Mensah Agboka ,&nbsp;Saliou Niassy ,&nbsp;Yeneneh Belayneh ,&nbsp;Maged Elkahky ,&nbsp;Henri E.Z. Tonnang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a comprehensive system dynamics model to predict and manage African armyworm (<em>Spodoptera exempta</em>) outbreaks, a major threat to cereal crops across Africa. We applied system dynamics approache with its archetypes (causal loop diagram (CLD), reinforcing (R) and balancing (B)) to analyse the population dynamics of the pest. The VENSIM modelling platform (Ventana Systems Inc., DSS 8.2) was used to implement the models and carry out the simulations. The research integrates extensive data from 1980 to 2023, encompassing the African armyworm's life cycle stages, climatic variables, and intervention strategies, to simulate potential outbreak scenarios and evaluate the impacts of various control measures. The model demonstrates the ability to accurately capture the solitary and gregarious phases of the armyworm, showing how different climatic conditions influence these phases and affect the outbreak patterns across various African regions. The findings reveal that precipitation and humidity are critical factors affecting African armyworm outbreaks, with variations in these elements significantly influencing the pest population dynamics. Scenario analysis within the model indicates that integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, which combine biological control, cultural practices, and chemical methods, can effectively reduce armyworm populations, and mitigate crop damage. This approach not only helps manage current infestations but also contributes to sustainable agricultural practices by reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. The simulations of the model provide insights into the timing and intensity of armyworm outbreaks and illustrate how different interventions can alter these dynamics. For instance, the study highlights the effectiveness of early intervention and the potential consequences of delayed action, underscoring the importance of timely and informed decision-making in pest management. This research advances the understanding of African armyworm ecology and management by providing an approach that can predict outbreaks and evaluate the effectiveness of various control strategies under different climatic conditions. By incorporating real-world data and simulating realistic scenarios, the model offers a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and farmers in developing targeted, effective, and sustainable pest management strategies. This study stands out for its unique integration of biological, ecological, and IPM strategies, providing a holistic approach to addressing the challenges posed by <em>S. exempta</em> outbreaks in Africa. The implications of this work are significant, offering potential to enhance food security and economic stability in regions affected by the African armyworm, thereby supporting broader efforts to manage agricultural pests in a changing global climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109378"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land use patterns change N and P cycling bacterial diversity in an acidic karst soil","authors":"Zhou Li ,&nbsp;Wangfei Qin ,&nbsp;Yongliang You ,&nbsp;Jihui Chen ,&nbsp;Xuechun Zhao ,&nbsp;Rui Dong ,&nbsp;Xinyao Gu ,&nbsp;Song Cui ,&nbsp;Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Erinne Stirling ,&nbsp;Ran Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Karst soils are characterized by their deficient nutrients, complex pore structure, and high leaching potential. Improper use of karst soils leads to soil erosion, organic matter loss and nutrient imbalance, ultimately resulting in soil degradation. In this study, we investigated how bacterial communities and functional groups (N and P cycling bacteria) responded to different land use patterns in a karst shrubland by analyzing field fresh soil for physicochemical properties and using shotgun metagenomics for bacterial and functional diversity. The results indicated that all land management practices reduce bacterial diversity and alter N and P cycling bacterial communities when compared with Unused land. By using partial least squares path modelling, we found that land use affects bacterial diversity by altering N and P cycling bacterial communities. These results indicate that N and P cycling in karst soil can be significantly affected by land use patterns, which may deteriorate functional diversity and stability. Therefore, appropriate land management approaches and land managements are suggested to prevent and mitigate soil degradation in karst soils when changing to more intensive land use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109389"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}