Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Spatiotemporal variability in divergent accrual of particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon by vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau","authors":"Weibo Kong ,&nbsp;Jing Xiao ,&nbsp;Jian Liu ,&nbsp;Yufei Yao ,&nbsp;Liping Qiu ,&nbsp;Mingan Shao ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation restoration is a promising climate mitigation strategy, with considerable potential for enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, knowledge on the effects of vegetation restoration on different SOC fractions remains poorly characterized. We conducted a regional synthesis to quantify how vegetation restoration, the most typical and successful agricultural land-use change on the Loess Plateau, affects particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). We found that vegetation restoration significantly increased SOC by 66 %, higher than the global average estimate (&lt;45 %), with a much greater increase in POC (103 %) than in MAOC (48 %), which resulted in an increased proportion of POC in SOC but decreased that of MAOC. Moreover, the accrual of POC and MAOC was greater for conversion to forest and shrubland than to grassland, and for artificial restoration than for natural restoration, and for legume species than for non-legume species, respectively. Notably, the accrual of POC and MAOC showed divergent spatial and temporal dependencies. Spatially, the response of MAOC increased significantly, whereas that of POC showed no significant change with the latitude. With increasing soil depth, the response of POC and MAOC gradually decreased, but was always positive across the whole 0–400 cm profile. Temporally, the response of POC and MAOC increased significantly with time since restoration, and the increase in POC was more pronounced than that in MAOC and the accrual occurred approximately 2.5 years post-restoration. Collectively, our findings show a stronger accrual of POC relative to MAOC after vegetation restoration, along with their spatial and temporal dependencies, which underscore the importance of multi-pool management of SOC for accurately predicting the soil C sink potential in restored ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 109856"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Returning low C/N crop straw to the paddy field can achieve the dual benefits of reduced methane emissions and enhanced yield stability","authors":"Chuanhai Shu ,&nbsp;Binbin Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Qiqi Chen ,&nbsp;Leilei Li ,&nbsp;Yuanqing Shi ,&nbsp;Hongkun Xie ,&nbsp;Zhonglin Wang ,&nbsp;Qin Liao ,&nbsp;Qingyue Cheng ,&nbsp;Feijie Li ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Zongkui Chen ,&nbsp;Yongjian Sun ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Yang ,&nbsp;Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of upland-paddy rotation and straw returning is a common practice in China's subtropical regions. However, the effect and mechanisms of returning the upland crop residues to the paddy field on methane (CH₄) emissions during the rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) season under different upland-paddy rotation systems remain scarce. To this end, a two-year field experiment (2023–2024) compared five of the most popular rotation systems: wheat-rice, rapeseed-rice, green vegetable-rice, <em>Vicia villosa</em> var.-rice, and fallow-rice in the Sichuan Basin. CH₄ emissions, rice yields, greenhouse gas intensity, and soil methanogenic and methanotrophic gene abundances were measured. Dry-season crops received distinct fertilizer inputs, while rice-season management remained uniform. The results showed that: wheat-rice had the highest abundance of the methanogenic gene (5.00 × 10⁷ and 2.27 × 10⁷ copies g⁻¹ soil in 2023 and 2024, respectively) during the rice growth period, resulting from high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio straw inputs (43.91), which enhanced methanogen activity, leading to the largest cumulative CH₄ emissions (683.41 and 238.65 kg hm⁻²) and higher rice yields (7741.83 and 8231.04 kg hm⁻²). Therefore, the greenhouse gas intensity of wheat-rice (2.22 and 0.74 kg CO₂-eq kg⁻¹ grain yield) was significantly higher than that of other systems. In contrast, the <em>Vicia villosa</em> var.-rice (147.56 and 39.55 kg hm⁻²) rotation with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio straw (11.28) reduced cumulative CH₄ emissions compared to wheat-rice through balancing methanogenic and methanotrophic gene abundances (ratio 0.61–1.19), while maintaining stable yields (7668.22–8614.37 kg hm⁻²). The yield of the <em>Vicia villosa</em> var.-rice rotation system was not significantly different from green vegetable-rice (8117.98 and 9203.85 kg hm⁻²) and was higher than that of the other systems. Notably, <em>Vicia villosa</em> var.-rice achieved the lowest greenhouse gas intensity (0.48–0.12 kg CO₂-eq kg⁻¹) by synergistically optimizing carbon-nitrogen dynamics and soil organic carbon sequestration. The above results indicate that the <em>Vicia villosa</em> var.-rice rotation system exhibits superior performance in terms of stable yield and emission reduction. This study highlights that the straw carbon-to-nitrogen ratio plays a pivotal role in regulating methane metabolism and maintaining carbon-nitrogen balance, thereby presenting a climate-smart strategy for rice cultivation. It provides a robust scientific foundation for optimizing crop rotation systems and contributes to mitigating agricultural greenhouse gas emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 109857"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compensatory effect dominates the stabilizing effects of species asynchrony in semiarid grassland after N and P addition","authors":"Zhifei Chen ,&nbsp;Yingkun Mou ,&nbsp;Yuting Yang ,&nbsp;Junjie Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Lingbin Yan ,&nbsp;Bingcheng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semiarid grassland ecosystems on the Loess Plateau in China are constrained by persistent nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitations owing to historical soil erosion. N and P fertilization have a significant influence on grassland productivity and stability. However, the underlying mechanisms across different grassland community types remains poorly understood. A six-year split-plot field experiment was conducted to explore how N and P additions influence stability in short grass (SG) and tall forb (TF) communities, and to elucidate the roles of population stability (dominant or non-dominant species) and species asynchrony, specifically compensatory (CPE) and statistical-averaging (SAE) effects, in stabilizing the community. In SG community, the stability was jointly driven by species asynchrony (64.65 %) and population stability (35.35 %), with CPE accounting for 77.94 % of species asynchrony and dominant species stability contributing 91.84 % to population stability. The stability of the TF community was primarily driven by species asynchrony (84.40 %), with a major contribution from CPE (86.99 %). Overall, species asynchrony, particularly CPE, played a key role in stabilizing grasslands under N and P additions. However, SG and TF communities exhibiting divergent pathways. N and P additions destabilized CPE by shifting the dominant species composition in SG community and causing species richness decline in TF community. Fertilization strategies should prioritize moderate levels of N for the SG and low levels for the TF community to prevent biodiversity loss and promote long-term stability. Different community types were strongly influenced by the levels of N inputs, highlighting the need to integrate regional N deposition dynamics into fertilization strategies to achieve sustainable grassland restoration on the Loess Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 109852"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between scale-dependent agroecosystem factors and cocoa swollen shoot virus incidence in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"A. Dumont ,&nbsp;F. Ribeyre ,&nbsp;R. Babin ,&nbsp;B. Hérault ,&nbsp;J. Kouadio ,&nbsp;A.D.K. Koffi ,&nbsp;K.A. Kouassi ,&nbsp;I.K. Konan ,&nbsp;M.R. Dago ,&nbsp;L. Guéry","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the association between agroecosystem factors across multiple scales is essential for sustaining production in agroecosystems under disease pressure. Cocoa swollen shoot virus (CSSV) is a devastating and currently uncontrollable epidemic, posing the greatest threat to cocoa production in West Africa. The present study investigates the associations between CSSV incidence, meteorologic conditions, soil properties, agroforestry variables and landscape composition at different scales, using Self-Organizing Maps, an analysis method that handles nonlinearity and complex variable interactions. This study was based on data collected between 2021 and 2023 in 150 cocoa plots representing diverse cocoa-growing conditions in Côte d’Ivoire, which were clustered according to factor similarity. We found that low disease incidence was primarily associated with more frequent events of extreme precipitation and lower variation in temperature. On the contrary, a high incidence of CSSV was linked to a higher density of trees hosting the virus. We drew on existing knowledge of disease epidemiology, mealybug vector biology and cocoa tree physiology to interpret these results. Additionally, plots with low disease incidence were predominantly surrounded by non-host land, suggesting that large-scale management strategies could help mitigate CSSV incidence by promoting non-host land use at the landscape level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 109851"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing soybean production and emission reduction through biogas slurry substitution and straw incorporation: A five-year field study in northeast China's black soil region","authors":"Pingan Zhang ,&nbsp;Aizheng Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Wang ,&nbsp;Lihong Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Sha ,&nbsp;Mo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the dual challenges of enhancing soybean yield and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in sustainable agriculture, this five-year field study (2020–2024) in Northeast China's black soil region evaluated the synergistic effects of biogas slurry substitution (0–100 % nitrogen replacement) and straw incorporation methods (deep ploughing vs. surface covering) on soil carbon-nitrogen dynamics, GHG emissions, and agronomic performance. Results demonstrated that a 75 % biogas slurry substitution (R3) combined with deep ploughing maximized soybean yield (4.24–18.36 % increase over conventional nitrogen fertilization) while significantly improving soil organic carbon (SOC, +10.52–25.72 %), dissolved organic carbon (DOC, +1.36–5.58 %), and nitrogen availability (NO₃^--N: +11.47–25.27 %; NH₄⁺-N: +10.04–22.74 %). Crucially, deep ploughing with R3 reduced GHG emissions by 4.29–18.63 % (CO₂, N₂O, CH₄), global warming potential (GWP) by 8.96–17.63 %, and emission intensity (GHGI) by 9.26–16.29 % compared to surface covering. Structural equation modeling revealed that elevated SOC and NO₃^--N mediated the trade-off between yield enhancement and emission reduction. These findings highlight that integrating 75 % biogas slurry substitution with deep straw incorporation optimizes the carbon-nitrogen cycle, achieving synergistic yield growth (13.31 % maximum), carbon sequestration (SOC, +25.72 %), and GHG mitigation (CH_4, −18.63 %), providing a transformative strategy for climate-resilient soybean production in temperate agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 109853"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light grazing reduces temporal variation in soil organic carbon in an alpine peatland: Perspectives from fungal communities","authors":"Yang Li ,&nbsp;Jianliang Liu ,&nbsp;Huai Chen ,&nbsp;Xinya Huang ,&nbsp;Li Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waterlogged alpine peatlands harbour substantial reserves of recalcitrant soil organic carbon (SOC) that is mainly decomposed by soil fungi. Even a slight fluctuation in peatland SOC can considerably alter C emissions, thereby impacting the future trajectory of climate change. These peatlands are often subject to yak grazing, which can affect ecosystem functions. However, how grazing regulates microbially mediated temporal variations in SOC in alpine peatlands remains largely unclear. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment on the Zoige Plateau to explore the effects of grazing on peatland soil C content and its association with soil fungal communities during different seasons (spring, summer, and autumn). Grazing significantly increased SOC in spring but not in the subsequent seasons. Furthermore, grazing significantly increased soil water contents in summer, dissolved organic carbon contents in autumn, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities in spring and autumn, but decreased phenol oxidase activity in spring and summer. Grazing significantly reduced fungal diversity at α and β scales. The coefficient of variation of SOC was significantly reduced by grazing, whereas similar trends were not observed for dissolved organic carbon or for dissolved organic and inorganic nitrogen. In the fenced area, the coefficient of variation of fungal species richness was the most important factor for predicting that of SOC. In the grazed area, coefficient of variation of soil NH₄⁺-N contributed the most to that of SOC. These findings underscore the pivotal role of fungal community in affecting SOC dynamics in alpine peatlands, which is crucial for understanding the ecological processes that maintain soil C cycling in alpine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 109848"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silvopastoral systems reduce soil CO2 emissions, enhance carbon stocks, and regulate the micro-environment in tropical grazing lands","authors":"Danilo Enrique Morales-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Gilberto Villanueva-López ,&nbsp;Fernando Casanova-Lugo ,&nbsp;José Apolonio Venegas-Venegas ,&nbsp;René Pinto-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Francisco Guevara-Hernández ,&nbsp;Mariela Reyes-Sosa ,&nbsp;Pablo Martínez-Zurimendi ,&nbsp;Rajan Ghimire ,&nbsp;Deb Raj Aryal","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109844","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soil carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) flux is a fundamental component of the global carbon cycle and can be regulated by land use and management practices. Silvopastoral systems, livestock agroforestry that includes trees in grazing lands, can increase carbon storage and reduce soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes, yet their relationship with micro-climate, soil properties, and vegetation attributes has not been studied well. The objective of this research was to evaluate carbon storage and soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes and decipher the linkage between micro-climatic variables, soil properties, and vegetation characteristics in three silvopastoral systems: 1) dispersed trees in pasturelands, 2) grazing under forest plantations, and 3) live fences around pastureland, and 4) full-sun pastureland. Soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes were measured &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; using an EGM-5 gas analyzer connected with a soil respiration chamber (PP Systems, USA) over twelve months. Structural equation modeling was used to untangle the relative contribution of vegetation characteristics, soil properties, and micro-climatic variables on soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes. Soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux varied significantly between silvopastoral systems and full-sun pasturelands (p &lt; 0.01), ranging from 0.59 to 0.87 g m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; hr&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, with the full-sun pastureland having the highest flux, followed by live fences around pastureland, dispersed trees in pasturelands, and grazing under forest plantations. Silvopastoral systems reduced 12 – 32 % of soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes compared to the full-sun pasture. Soil organic carbon stocks to 100 cm depth were 12 % and 29 % higher in grazing under forest plantations (187 Mg C ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) and dispersed tree silvopastoral systems (215 Mg C ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), respectively, than in full-sun pasturelands (167 Mg C ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). Soil temperature, air temperature, and relative humidity also differed significantly between pastoral systems, with the full-sun pasture (grass monoculture) having the highest temperature and the lowest relative humidity. In a structural equation model, soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux showed a negative path coefficient (-0.82, p = 0.03) with vegetation attributes that include the number of trees per hectare and biomass stocks, which covaried significantly with the micro-climatic variables. The soil properties construct was not a strong predictor of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux but covaried positively with vegetation, including plant biomass and litter stocks. While further studies on soil microbial activities may help better understand the patterns of soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes among these livestock agroforestry systems, this study shows that the presence of trees modifies micro-environmental conditions in grazing lands, thereby reducing soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions and enhancing carbon sequestration. The results have important implications in designing climate-smart and environment-friendly livestock production systems.&lt;","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 109844"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144569864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional trait outperforms plant diversity in governing biomass production and allocation in semiarid grasslands undergoing grazing exclusion","authors":"Yu An ,&nbsp;Yuqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongnan Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Shouzheng Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grazing exclusion is a key strategy for restoring degraded grasslands and enhancing their ecosystem services. Plant biomass production and allocation are critical indicators of restoration success, yet the mechanistic pathways by which plant functional traits and diversity regulate these dynamics under grazing exclusion remain unresolved. To address this, we measured aboveground (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) and root<img>to<img>shoot ratio (RSR) across a 27–year chronosequence in semi<img>arid grasslands of Songnen Plain, Northeast China, and investigated how plant functional traits and diversity (species and functional) regulate these processes. Results revealed temporally decoupled biomass peaks, with AGB peaking at 19 years (491.14 g m⁻²) and BGB peaking earlier at 15 years (1046.50 g m⁻²). Concurrently, RSR declined initially before stabilizing after 19 years, and plant diversity generally exhibited an opposite trend to biomass production. Principal component analysis identified key plant functional strategies under grazing exclusion, with PC1 partitioning resource–acquisitive traits (e.g., leaf area, LA) from conservative traits (e.g., leaf nitrogen content, LNC) and PC2 representing a defense axis dominated by traits such as leaf dry matter content (LDMC). Critically, correlation and variation partitioning analyses demonstrated that functional traits, rather than diversity, emerged as the dominant driver of biomass production and allocation Structural equation modeling further revealed that grazing exclusion directly impacted AGB and allocation, and indirectly regulated them via species richness. Notably, grazing exclusion modulated biomasses dynamics by altering functional traits (LA and LDMC) and LA<img>LNC trade<img>off. Additionally, LDMC<img>induced shifts in functional diversity (Rao's <em>Q</em>) contributed to biomass allocation adjustments. Our findings establish that biomass dynamics under grazing exclusion exhibit strong temporal patterns primarily driven by plant functional traits, delineating key mechanistic pathways. This framework provides a robust basis for assessing restoration success and strategically guides optimal management of semi<img>arid grasslands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 109847"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144569863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation tillage enhances both organic and inorganic carbon in dryland: Insights from a 20-year field experiment and meta-analysis","authors":"Weiting Ding ,&nbsp;Liangjie Sun ,&nbsp;Zhidong Qi ,&nbsp;Shengping Li ,&nbsp;Vilim Filipović ,&nbsp;Xueping Wu ,&nbsp;Hailong He","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation tillage is widely recognized as a promising practice for sequestering soil organic carbon (SOC). However, its impact on soil inorganic carbon (SIC) remains less understood and has seldom been quantified. This study aimed to examine the effects of conservation tillage on soil carbon pools, focusing on SIC, by combining a 20-year field experiment in an arid-calcareous cropland of China with a meta-analysis of 76 pairwise data from 7 studies. The field experiment confirms that conservation tillage significantly increases carbon stock, with reduced tillage (RT) increasing SOC (25.09 %, 0–40 cm) and no-tillage (NT) increasing SIC (10.67 %, 0–20 cm). SOC and SIC exhibit a complementary relationship, whereby an increase in SOC effectively compensates for reduced SIC within RT. Notably, the proliferation of calcifying bacteria (e.g., <em>Bacillus</em>) and reduced urease activity suggest that microbial-induced carbonate precipitation, a process known to be facilitated by these bacteria, may contribute significantly to SIC formation under NT. Agronomic practices, as well as soil abiotic and biotic factors, collectively influence SIC. The relative importance of these factors varies with soil depth: biotic variables effects weaken with depth, while abiotic variables increase. Furthermore, our meta-analysis reveals that the response of SIC to conservation tillage varies with climatic, edaphic, and agronomic factors. Arid regions benefit the most from NT in enhancing SIC stock (3.27 %). These findings provide valuable insights into how conservation tillage influences soil carbon, particularly SIC, and enhance our understanding of carbon dynamics in arid systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 109845"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GHG balance, its seasonality and response to soil type and management of northern agricultural grasslands: Eddy-covariance flux measurements from three adjacent fields in Finland","authors":"Narasinha Shurpali ,&nbsp;Olli Peltola ,&nbsp;Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Petra Manninen ,&nbsp;Sanni Semberg ,&nbsp;Samuli Launiainen ,&nbsp;Arja Louhisuo ,&nbsp;Janne Rinne ,&nbsp;Mikko Järvinen ,&nbsp;Perttu Virkajärvi ,&nbsp;Pertti J. Martikainen","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how managed grasslands respond to climate and management regimes across global pedoclimatic zones is crucial to combating climate change. In this study, we used the eddy covariance method to continuously measure GHG fluxes from January through December 2022 at three boreal grassland sites in eastern Finland: Anttila on mineral soil, and Särkisuo and Pappilansuo on drained peat soils. Our results highlight significant seasonal variability and a strong dependence on management events (such as summer plowing at Pappilansuo, fertilization, and harvest at all three sites). The net CO₂ exchange ranged from a strong net uptake at Anttila (–2500 kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and moderate uptake at Särkisuo (–500 kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) to net release at Pappilansuo (+930 kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). CH₄ fluxes were negligible at Anttila (total of +2 kg CH₄ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) but reached + 110 kg CH₄ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ at Särkisuo and + 51 kg CH₄ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ at Pappilansuo. N₂O emissions peaked after fertilization with + 3.8 (Anttila), + 16 (Särkisuo), and + 29 kg N₂O ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (Pappilansuo). Anttila remained a net GHG sink at approximately –8.0 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹, whereas Särkisuo and Pappilansuo were net sources of 5.0 and 12.3 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹, respectively. Anttila had the lowest GHG emissions per kilogram of grass biomass produced and had the highest yield, illustrating the potential for more climate-friendly grassland management on suitable soils. However, the organic soils showed higher GHG emissions. These results highlight the influence of soil type and the importance of management timing on the overall GHG balance in boreal grasslands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 109841"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}