Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Ribwort plantain inclusion reduces nitrate leaching from grass-clover swards; A multi-year five soil study","authors":"Aoife Egan ,&nbsp;Thomas Moloney ,&nbsp;John B. Murphy ,&nbsp;Patrick J. Forrestal","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing nitrate leaching and addressing water quality concerns is a challenge in grazed pasture systems globally. Recent single soil, single region studies have indicated that the inclusion of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolate L.) in pasture swards can reduce nitrate-N (NO₃^--N) leaching. The present two-year five-soil lysimeter study tests the potential of ribwort plantain inclusion in grass-clover (Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L.) swards to reduce NO₃^--N leaching across a range of soils. The inclusion of plantain at 30 % reduced NO₃^--N loss in free-draining soils by 7–59 kg NO₃^--N ha⁻¹ (by 32–74 %, mean 56 %) in year one and by 12–54 kg NO₃^--N ha⁻¹ (93–99 %, mean 96 %) in year two. In poorly drained soils the loss reduction ranged from 2 to 6 kg NO₃^--N ha⁻¹ (3–10 %, mean 6 %) in year one and by 29–36 kg NO₃^--N ha⁻¹ (97–98 %, mean 97 %) in year two. Increasing plantain inclusion to 50 % reduced NO₃^--N loss in the free-draining soils by 11–91 kg NO₃^--N ha⁻¹ (50–95 %, mean 78 %) in year one and by 13–56 kg NO₃^--N ha⁻¹ (97–98 %, mean 98 %) in year two. In poorly drained soils the NO₃^--N loss reduction ranged from 12 to 15 kg NO₃^--N ha⁻¹ (18–24 %, mean 21 %) in year one and by 29–36 kg NO₃^--N ha⁻¹ (98 %) in year two. Plantain inclusion reduced drainage water volume by 1–16 %, potentially contributing to nitrate-N loss mitigation. Plantain inclusion reduced drinking water NO₃^--N maximum allowable concentration (MAC) exceedances in leachate from 28 in grass-clover to seven with 30 % plantain inclusion and four with 50 % plantain inclusion. Much of the benefit of plantain inclusion was achieved at the 30 % plantain rate in grass-clover pastures. Overall, across a broad range of soils, the inclusion of plantain in grass-clover swards was shown to be an effective tool for reducing nitrate-leaching losses in pasture systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109376"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving forces of grass-livestock balance shifted from human activities to climate change on the top of the earth","authors":"Yuxi Wang ,&nbsp;Haijuan Wei ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and intensive grazing are threatening key functions of grassland ecosystems, including biodiversity, soil retention, and supporting pastoralist livelihoods. However, where and to what extent these factors impact grassland ecological balance on the top of the earth remained unclear. This study focused on the alpine grassland ecosystems in and around the Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve (MQNNR), coupled with remote sensing and socio-economic data to evaluate the state of grass-livestock balance during 2000–2019, and revealed the actual contributions of climate, soil attributes, and human activities to the grassland carrying capacity (GCC) changes by employing ridge regression and structural equation modeling. The results showed that the multiyear mean grass-livestock pressure index (GLPI) for the study area was 0.62, indicating that the grasslands generally provided sufficient forage for livestock. However, 21.5 % of the area remained at risk of overgrazing, predominantly in valley regions with high human activity. During 2000–2019, approximately 42.3 % of the region experienced a significant increase in GCC, notably in Ngamring, Tingri, and Dinggye. Post-2007, the makeable improvement in GCC was accompanied by a gradual decline in the actual stocking rate, which further alleviated grazing pressure. Furthermore, climate change, soil conditions, and population pressure were the primary drivers of GCC changes, and their contributions to GCC rise/declined area differed significantly across time. Over time, the dominant factors influencing GCC change trend in more than 85 % of the study regions have shifted from human activities to climatic factors, especially the positive contribution from better moisture conditions. This study provides new insights for grassland management and sustainable development, aiding in addressing grassland ecological problems and safeguarding the well-being of pastoral communities and ecological security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109387"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doing more with less: Strategic agricultural land retirement during drought improves environmental and social outcomes","authors":"David Hyon ,&nbsp;Amy Quandt ,&nbsp;Daniel Sousa ,&nbsp;Ashley E. Larsen","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural land retirement is an increasingly common phenomena in irrigated agricultural systems where limited surface water availability has resulted in overdrafted groundwater basins, idled farmland, and major policy changes. Yet, the environmental and economic impacts of agricultural land retirement depend, in part, on the extent, spatial distribution and former crop type of retired lands. Here we evaluate the potential environmental, economic and social opportunities and tradeoffs embedded in land retirement decisions. Using the 2011–2015 extended drought in Kern County, California as an example, we evaluate different retirement scenarios for costs (based on foregone, crop-specific revenue), water savings, habitat for biodiversity, farmworker jobs and landscape connectivity relative to what was actually idled. Our results illustrate that the water savings and habitat protection for biodiversity resulting from the realized fallowing in 2015 could have been achieved with less than ⅙ of the cost. Alternatively, optimizing land retirement for water savings or habitat at the same cost as in 2015 could have tripled the amount of water saved or habitat created. More strategically retiring lands improved social and ecological outcomes, though tradeoffs among objectives often remained. This study illustrates the large benefits potentially attainable through landscape-level planning among landowners and the influence of policy goals on ecological and social outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109386"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting seasonal effects of legume and grass cover crops as living mulch on the soil microbial community and nutrient metabolic limitations","authors":"Xin Sui ,&nbsp;Xuelian Bao ,&nbsp;Hongtu Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Ba ,&nbsp;Yang Yu ,&nbsp;Yali Yang ,&nbsp;Hongbo He ,&nbsp;Chao Liang ,&nbsp;Xudong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cover crops are increasingly recognized for their role in enhancing the multifunctionality and health of soil. Previous studies have focused largely on the effects of cover crop residues and have overlooked the impacts of living cover crops on the soil biochemical processes and nutrient cycling. The aim of this study is to bridge this gap by examining the effects of different types of living cover crops, such as legumes, grass, and their mixtures, on the soil nutrients and microbial communities. We conducted a field experiment in northeastern China using an Alfisol and intercropped cover crops with maize. During the growing season, we characterized microbial biomass and community structure using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and assessed microbial activity through enzyme activities related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Additionally, we employed the enzyme vector model to evaluate potential microbial metabolic limitations. Compared with the control plots without cover crops, the legume treatment significantly increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and available nitrogen, particularly altering the microbial community structure during the maize growth stages. This change shifted the microbial functional group ratios towards enhanced C acquisition by soil microbes, indicating alleviated microbial C limitation in legume treatment. In contrast, the grass treatment maintained the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) levels, and increased the total microbial biomass at the later growth stage. Compared with those in the other treatments, the biomass of bacterial groups in the grass treatment was more responsive, and the activities of the C, N and P enzymes were higher. Furthermore, the mixture treatment merged the benefits of both the legume and grass cover crops, enhancing both DOC and available N contents and maintaining SOC and TN levels. The mixture treatment significantly affected the microbial community structure without altering microbial nutrient limitations. Thus, the mixture treatment is recommended for application in cover crop-maize intercropping systems. In conclusion, our study captured the temporal dynamic shifts in the microbial functional groups associated with different microbial life strategies from intercropping different types of living cover crops with maize. This research refines our understanding of the role of cover crops in supporting belowground ecosystems and highlights the importance of living mulch in sustainable agricultural management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109374"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil organic matter quality in an olive orchard differently managed for 21 years: Insights into its distribution through soil aggregates and depth","authors":"Rosangela Addesso ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Araniti ,&nbsp;Andrea Bloise ,&nbsp;Alba N. Mininni ,&nbsp;Bartolomeo Dichio ,&nbsp;David López-González ,&nbsp;Hazem S. Elshafie ,&nbsp;Ruth H. Ellerbrock ,&nbsp;Laura S. Schnee ,&nbsp;Juliane Filser ,&nbsp;Domenico Sileo ,&nbsp;Adriano Sofo","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the current global challenges, the research of new practices aimed at mitigating soil impoverishment, exacerbated by the pressing climate changes, is the most urgent. Studying soil organic matter (SOM) ecological dynamics and comparing the conventional intensive farming practices with the emerging alternative sustainable ones can represent a key indicator in soil health investigation, helping to find new guidelines for conservative agrosystems management. In this study, the soil from a Mediterranean olive orchard, with both sustainable (<em>S</em>_mng) and conventional (<em>C</em>_mng) land use for 21 years, was investigated for its physicochemical properties, with a particular attention to the soil organic matter from aggregates (SOM-A) and its interaction and distribution at different soil depths. Significantly higher amounts of total carbon (+50.7 %) and nitrogen (+74.9 %), as well as of SOM-A aromatic component (+76.0 %), were detected in the topsoil layer (0–5 cm) of the <em>S</em>_mng, compared to the <em>C</em>_mng, a sign that the organic matter from surface deeply seeps slowly. This evidence was highlighted especially in micro-aggregates (&lt; 0.063 mm) of the <em>S</em>_mng, compared to the <em>C</em>_mng (C = +59.3 %; N = +86.7 %; SOM-A aromatic component = +87.7 % in the <em>S</em>_mng). This trend was also reflected in an increase in the bacterial abundance and in a different accumulation of organic compounds deriving from microbial fermentation processes in <em>S</em>_mng soil, as highlighted by the SOM-A qualitative characterization by metabolomics. The soil mineralogical analysis showed that minerals maintained a higher crystallinity in the <em>S</em>_mng than in the <em>C</em>_mng, where soil tillage promoted their alteration. Moreover, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis highlighted that soil disturbance in the <em>C</em>_mng can affect SOM distribution, creating different spatial distributions in the particle aggregates and soil depths. Distinguishing SOM quantity, quality, and interaction with mineral components can help to understand its degradability and dynamics, both essential for mitigating the effects of climate change and promoting land protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109388"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient addition alters drought resistance and resilience via forb abundance in a temperate grassland","authors":"Dengnan Luo ,&nbsp;Guojiao Yang ,&nbsp;Guangru Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianguang Liu ,&nbsp;Qun Guo ,&nbsp;Shenggong Li ,&nbsp;Yun Xie ,&nbsp;Zhongmin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutrient addition has resulted in profound effects on grassland ecosystems. Yet, the response and ecological mechanisms of grassland community resistance (the ability to maintain ecosystem function during drought) and resilience (the capacity to recover after drought) in relation to nutrient addition are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of nutrient addition on resistance and resilience of a temperate grassland experiencing a drought year. Our findings demonstrated that the resistance of both the whole community and forb species decreased under nitrogen (N) addition, while only forb resistance significantly decreased under phosphorus (P) addition. Interestingly, N addition also hindered the community and forb resilience, whereas community resilience significantly enhanced under P addition. Unexpectedly, even although nutrient addition significantly affected grass biomass, grass resistance and resilience were not significantly altered by nutrient addition. Furthermore, structural equation models revealed that nutrient addition affect community drought resistance and resilience via the abundance of forb species. Our outcomes highlight the crucial function of forb in sustaining grassland community stability in the face of global change. It provides crucial scientific evidence for the scientific management and sustainable preservation of ecosystem services in grassland ecosystems under global change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109385"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effluent properties and gas emissions from a conventional wintering area and an alternative stand-off pad providing outdoor exercise to dairy cows","authors":"Elizabeth Álvarez-Chávez ,&nbsp;Alexis Ruiz-González ,&nbsp;Andrea Katherín-Carranza Díaz ,&nbsp;Stéphane Godbout ,&nbsp;Mylène Généreux ,&nbsp;Caroline Côté ,&nbsp;Alain N. Rousseau ,&nbsp;Sébastien Fournel","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stand-off pads are uncovered outdoor yards built with absorbent materials, where cattle can be raised to minimize the environmental impact associated with nutrient runoff and gas emissions from manure management. Consequently, they emerge as a prospective alternative to traditional wintering pens, facilitating movement opportunities for dairy cows typically confined to tie-stalls. The objective of this study was to validate the potential of an improved stand-off pad concept (with sphagnum peat moss, woodchips and biochar) aerated with the exhaust air from the adjacent barn, in contrast to a conventional wintering pen, to provide outdoor exercise to dairy cows housed year-round in tie-stall barns Quebec, Canada. Both outdoor yards (28 m²) housed one Holstein dairy cow during 1.5 hr, twice daily (morning and afternoon), throughout two 9-week periods (summer and winter). Sampling of effluents and measurement of greenhouse gases from each area were performed on a weekly basis over the course of the study period for both seasons. Results showed that the stand-off pad was more efficient in removing biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, suspended solids, and <em>E. coli</em> (32.9, 194.2, 19.8, and 24.3 mg L⁻¹, and 2.2 CFU (100 mL)⁻¹, respectively), relative to the wintering pen (95.3, 379.5, 54.2, and 43 mg L⁻¹, and 197 CFU (100 mL)⁻¹, respectively). Additionally, relative to the wintering pen, the stand-off pad media filter achieved a greater absorption capacity (water effluent volumes of 18.8 m³ and 25.3 m³ respectively). Aeration did not improve the removal of contaminants but resulted in lower nitrous oxide emissions compared to the wintering pen. A nitrogen balance was also calculated, obtaining 62 % recovery for Stand-off pen and 45 % for the winter pen. Improved stand-off pads can indeed provide a more sustainable and comfortable environment for dairy cows. By reducing mud and manure buildup, these pads help maintain cleaner and healthier conditions, which is beneficial for both the cows and the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 109379"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural land use modulates responses of soil biota and multifunctionality to increased antibiotic pressures","authors":"Fangkai Zhao ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Li Fang ,&nbsp;Qingyu Feng ,&nbsp;Long Sun ,&nbsp;Shoujuan Li ,&nbsp;Liding Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic contamination has been a global agricultural issue due to heavy discharge and undesirable consequences. However, the link between antibiotic pressures and soil multifunctionality in agricultural ecosystems remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic levels, soil functions, and their relationships in two land use types (peanut fields vs. maize fields) in a manure-amended agricultural area. The results showed a significant non-linear relationship between antibiotic pressures and soil multifunctionality in agricultural ecosystems. Antibiotics exhibited an inhibitory effect on soil functioning at high concentrations. Specifically, soil bacterial diversity and richness, earthworm abundance, and nitrogen mineralization were significantly suppressed by increasing antibiotic pressures. Increasing antibiotic contamination had peak effects on soil multifunctionality loss at a threshold of 81 %, resulting in a decrease of −1.24 in functions. Land use played a significant role in modulating the effects of antibiotic levels on soil multifunctionality. A significant response of soil function to antibiotics was observed only in peanut fields, not in maize fields. Additionally, differences in antibiotic pressures promoted the functional turnover in agricultural ecosystems. Therefore, controlling antibiotic contamination in soil is crucial for the sustainable provision of soil ecosystem functions, considering the role of land-use modulation in planning and management decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109383"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperate grasslands under climate extremes: Effects of plant diversity on ecosystem services","authors":"Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Valentin H. Klaus ,&nbsp;Anna K. Gilgen ,&nbsp;Nina Buchmann","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperate grasslands provide a broad set of ecosystem services (ES), which include both provisioning ES (e.g., yield production) and non-provisioning ES (e.g., soil carbon sequestration, weed suppression, aesthetics, recreation). Yet, ES can considerably decrease under climate extremes, potentially threatening grassland ES in the future. Meanwhile, some grassland ES were shown to increase with increasing plant diversity. However, whether plant diversity can mitigate the effects of extreme climate events on multiple ES is still unclear, as past studies frequently focused on a single ES, namely aboveground biomass production (AGB). Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review to identify the potential mitigation effect of plant species richness against the impact of extreme drought and heat stress on multiple ES in temperate C3 grasslands, by synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying research gaps. Since the 1900s, the number of studies on plant diversity and grassland ES has increased. However, only few studies also addressed climatic extremes, despite a ten-fold increase of studies in the last two decades. Moreover, while all studies included in this review (n=31; 26 biodiversity experiments (sown and weeded), five on-farm studies) addressed provisioning ES (AGB), only 45 % of the studies investigated non-provisioning ES such as climate regulation or weed suppression. No study considered cultural ES. Overall, the positive effect of higher plant species richness on grassland provisioning ES persisted also under extreme conditions, despite reducing absolute magnitudes of ES. Since the number of studies per specific non-provisioning ES was small (n = 2 on average), the general effect of plant species richness acting as insurance against climate extremes for those ES remain largely unknown. In addition, we assessed four different indices commonly used to study biodiversity–ES relationships, but no best index for resistance, recovery, and resilience of ES against climate extremes was found. Overall, the existing evidence reviewed here suggests that maintaining or increasing plant diversity in temperate grasslands can indeed be considered as a natural insurance against current and future climate risks for AGB. However, for any non-provisioning ES, currently available research is too scarce to conclude such a mitigation effect. Closing this research gap, particularly for on-farm settings, could help advance policy and societal support for sustainable, climate change-adapted grassland management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109372"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus leaching in high-P soils under maize silage and interseeding cover crop system","authors":"Aimé J. Messiga,&nbsp;Thidarat Rupngam","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Managing soil phosphorus (P) in agroecosystems with high P levels is crucial to mitigate P loss in water sources without compromising yields. The objective of this study was to assess maize silage (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) + interseeding cover crop of annual ryegrass (<em>Lolium multiforum</em>) or using a relay cover crop and starter P (P0, P10, and P20) on (i) P leaching, (ii) changes in soil P status, and (iii) maize yield, cover crop biomass and P uptake. A six-year study was conducted between 2018 and 2023 in two sites. Leachate samples were collected every two weeks between 2021and 2023. The concentration of P in leachate exceeded 0.5 mg L^–1 indicating a high risk of P leaching at the current levels of soil P. High concentration of P in leachate with a peak at 0.9 mg L^–1 in August and 1.45 mg L^–1 in October during 2021 and 2022 was pronounced under interseeded compared to relay cover crop system due to improve water infiltration contributing to the downward movement of P. In contrast, the concentration of P in leachate was high under relay cover crops in February and March particularly in 2023, which could be attributed to the delay in cover crops establishment and growth in early spring. The concentration of P extracted using anion exchange membranes (PO_4AEMs) increased with increasing starter P rate during the first weeks after planting maize silage. There were spikes of PO_4AEMs, reaching 1.18 and 1.73 µg cm^–2 d^–1 during the 4th, 7th, and 8th weeks after planting maize which coincided with high soil moisture content occurring after irrigation or rainfall events. The lack of dry matter yield response to starter P at harvest was due to high initial soil P. The soil P status remained significantly high averaging 196.6 mg kg^–1 as Mehlich-3 P, despite negative cumulative P budgets. A close observation of the relationships among soil P indicators shows a trend of rapidly decreasing water extractable P under interseeding compared with relay cover crops. It is possible that the production of high biomass under interseeding cover crops increased the amount of P taken up from the soil. We conclude that interseeding cover crops within cash crops in high P soils could be effective at decreasing soil P, but could enhance P leached in the first years of cropping due to high water infiltration along the soil profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109381"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}