Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Trade-offs and synergies of food-water-land benefits for crop rotation optimization in Northeast China","authors":"Dazhi Yang ,&nbsp;Yaqun Liu ,&nbsp;Jieyong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In agricultural management, selecting the appropriate crop rotation type (CRT) is crucial for sustainable development. Despite the focus on food production, water conservation, and farmland protection, systematic and quantitative analyses of the interrelationships and benefits among food, water, and land under different CRT scenarios are lacking. This gap hinders the achievement of goals and limits effective support for agricultural planning. This study utilized yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and farmland degradation and restoration (FDR) conditions to measure benefits related to food production, water resource conservation, and farmland protection. Taking the Northeast China (NEC) region as an example, nine major CRT zones were identified, and their integrated \"food-water-land\" benefits were quantitatively assessed. The findings revealed that there are significant differences in the annual average yield and WUE under different CRTs. Specifically, the average yield of the Maize-continuous-cropping or Rice-continuous-cropping zone is much higher than that of the Soybean-continuous-cropping zone; the WUE was highest in the Soybean-continuous-cropping zone, with a multi-year mean of 1.105 kg·C·m⁻³. The NPP-WUE framework for FDR detection indicated that crop rotation is more conducive to farmland protection than continuous-cropping, as a higher proportion of restoration area was detected. By assessing the trade-offs between CRT and \"food-water-land\" benefits, the results show that when prioritizing a single goal of food production, water resource conservation, or farmland protection, the best CRT for farmland is Maize-continuous-cropping, Soybean-continuous-cropping, or Soybean-Other crops rotation, respectively. When multiple goals are considered, Maize-continuous-cropping or Soybean-continuous-cropping is the most ideal. Therefore, maintaining a large area of maize while expanding soybean planting in the NEC is reasonable. In the NEC, we recommend adjusting Maize-Soybean and Rice-continuous-cropping; the former prioritize shifting to Maize or Soybean continuous-cropping, and the latter prioritizes shifting to Maize-Rice rotation. This study offers valuable insights into the trade-offs and optimization of CRTs, thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109377"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water and sediment regulation eluting and washland planting lead to nitrogen increase in the lower reaches of the Yellow River","authors":"Nana Hu ,&nbsp;Yanqing Sheng ,&nbsp;Zhaoran Li ,&nbsp;Zheng Wang ,&nbsp;Weihan Xu ,&nbsp;Huiyi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yellow River is an important agricultural production base in China, plays a key role in terrestrial sea transport and nitrogen transformation. However, the reason for the transient nitrogen increase in the lower Yellow River remains unclear. This study explored the contributions to transient nitrogen elevation from the water column, suspended particulate matter, surface sediments in the lower Yellow River, and washland soils along it throughout the water and sediment regulation event in 2023. Results indicated that the average dissolved nitrate concentrations in the lower Yellow River were 1.38 and 1.12 times higher before and during water and sediment regulation than after, because of excess reactive nitrogen elution from the beach by the water and sediment regulation. The nitrogen release risk was low in suspended particulate matter and surface sediments (ion exchangeable form nitrogen content was 0.007–0.033 mg·g⁻¹) but high in soil (average ion exchangeable form nitrogen content was 0.092 mg·g⁻¹). Leaching results indicated that nitrate concentration in the water was not significantly influenced by the reduction in suspended particulate matter or surface sediments. In contrast, in soil S-13 (ion exchangeable form nitrogen content was 0.371 mg⋅g⁻¹), the estimated leaching rate of nitrate averaged 14.74 %, and ion exchangeable form nitrogen accounted for 19.25 % of total nitrogen, with 76.56 % of ion exchangeable form nitrogen leached. Therefore, the water and sediment regulation elution and the continuous leaching of nitrogen from washland soils around the lower Yellow River notably increased the nitrogen concentration in the lower Yellow River.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109380"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal nitrogen management increased topsoil organic carbon stock and maintained whole soil inorganic carbon stock to increase soil carbon stock—A 15-year field evidence","authors":"Xingbang Wang ,&nbsp;Ling Zhang ,&nbsp;Prakash Lakshmanan ,&nbsp;Ji Chen ,&nbsp;Wushuai Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen application significantly impacts soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks, both of which are crucial for soil carbon sequestration. However, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the dynamics of SOC and SIC stocks remain poorly understood. Over a 15-year wheat-maize rotation experiment conducted on calcareous alluvial soil in temperate continental monsoon climate, we quantitatively analyzed crop carbon return and dynamics of SOC and SIC stocks among soil layers. Compared to conventional nitrogen management (Con.N), optimal nitrogen management (Opt.N) increased crop carbon return by 130 kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. There was no significant difference in SOC stock between Opt.N and Con.N, despite Opt.N used 39.4 % less nitrogen input compared to Con.N. In the topsoil, Opt.N maintained SIC levels similar to those of the Control and significantly increased by 7.22 % compared to Con.N. The Con.N treatment reduced SIC stock by 10.1 % compared to the Control. Furthermore, Opt.N had no significant negative effect on SIC stock in subsoil, thereby maintaining the whole SIC stock. After 15 years, Opt.N achieved a soil carbon stock of 52.7 Mg C ha⁻¹, outperforming Con.N. SOC dominated the topsoil carbon stock, while SIC played a more crucial role in the subsoil. Overall, Opt.N outperformed Con.N in terms of the combined SOC and SIC stocks. Our findings suggest that Opt.N can enhance soil carbon stock with lower resource consumption, thereby contributing to global warming mitigation and promoting sustainable low-carbon agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109365"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental test of the effects of prolonged flooding practices on animal communities in rice paddy fields","authors":"Kosuke Nakanishi ,&nbsp;Hiromi Akanuma ,&nbsp;Raita Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Yokomizo ,&nbsp;Takehiko I. Hayashi ,&nbsp;Belinda Robson ,&nbsp;Nisikawa Usio","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although environmentally friendly rice farming is expected to contribute to biodiversity conservation in paddy fields, scientific testing of the impact of individual management practices in rice cultivation is still in its early stages. This study used field experiments to quantify the effects of winter flooding and summer, mid-season drainage (a short-term soil drying in the middle of the rice growing season) on animal communities in paddy fields. We used a 2×2 factorial design with the factors winter flooding (±) and mid-season drainage treatment (±), crossed, and three replicate paddy fields in each combination (total n = 12). Our field experiments showed that winter flooding had little effect on the taxonomic richness and abundance of freshwater insects and spiders, but it increased the number of egg masses in amphibians such as the montane brown frog <em>Rana ornativentris</em> and the Japanese black salamander <em>Hynobius nigrescens</em>. In contrast, mid-season drainage negatively affected the taxonomic richness and abundance of freshwater insects, and the abundance of spiders. In particular, mortality usually occurred in species whose larval stage overlapped the period of mid-season drainage. Winter flooding promotes the biodiversity of animal communities in paddy fields. For amphibians that breed in the early spring, winter flooding provides breeding habitat. Mid-season drying had negative effects on animal biodiversity. Delaying or ceasing mid-season drainage would improve reproductive opportunities for freshwater insects and maintain species diversity. Diversification of winter flooding and winter drying across a rice paddy landscape and prolonged summer flooding practice may improve conservation outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109369"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shelterbelt influence on soil microbial carbon and phosphorus limitation in farmland: Implications for soil health","authors":"Peng He ,&nbsp;Xuechen Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Shan-Shan Dai ,&nbsp;Mengyang You ,&nbsp;William R. Horwath ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjie Wang ,&nbsp;Lu-Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microbial metabolism and nutrient limitation status are crucial for nutrient cycling and terrestrial ecosystem stability, yet they are not fully studied in farmland shelterbelt systems. In this study, we assumed that microbial nutrient limitation responses to soil nutrient dynamics in farmland are regulated by the distance from the shelterbelts and the presence of ditches. We measured the activities of carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)-, and phosphorus (P)-acquiring enzymes, alongside soil total and available nutrient content, and microbial properties in farmland with shelterbelts in Northeast China. Results indicated that soil microbial communities were predominantly co-limited by C and P, with marked shifts towards increased nutrient limitation in the ditched conditions, especially near the shelterbelt area. These shifts correlate strongly with soil nutrient availability and its stoichiometry, suggesting that the balance of nutrient stoichiometry is pivotal in maintaining microbial metabolic stability and elemental homeostasis. Further insights from structural equation modeling and random forest analyses revealed that soil organic C, microbial biomass N, and bacterial phospholipid fatty acids were the key drivers of microbial C limitation. Available nutrients primarily influenced microbial P limitation, underscoring the complex interplay between soil management practices and the status of microbial nutrient limitation. The findings highlighted the optimized management, such as enhancing organic matter and available nutrients through practices like crop residue return and fertilization based on ditch presence and distance, could alleviate microbial nutrient limitation, maintaining soil health and sustain ecosystem sustainability in farmland shelterbelt systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109368"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key microbes in wheat maize rotation present better promoting wheat yield effect in a variety of crop rotation systems","authors":"Liya Ma ,&nbsp;Jiajia Zhang ,&nbsp;Heng Li ,&nbsp;Mengwei Xu ,&nbsp;Yige Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Shi ,&nbsp;Yu Shi ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotational cropping is an important and effective agricultural management practice that significantly contributes to crop yields, plant health, and soil structure. Microorganisms invariably accompany crop growth and play a vital role in facilitating plant nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and adaptation to environmental stressors. Given the essentiality of microorganisms in the soil ecosystem, exploring the contribution of soil microbial communities to the rotational cropping system is of significant reference value for improving the rotational cropping system. Although numerous studies have investigated the differences in microbial communities in various crop rotation systems, considering the factors such as the growth stage of wheat, climate, soil fertility, and human activities that exert a significant impact on soil microorganisms, it is imperative to study the effects of different crop rotation systems on soil microbial communities at various growth stages of wheat under controlled experimental conditions. Based on a 12-year long-term rotational cropping platform, we analyzed the composition and structure of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of wheat under three crop rotation systems at four growth stages: wheat-maize, wheat-soybean, and wheat-cotton, and constructed a co-occurrence network to identify potential key functional microorganisms. The results showed that both the rotational cropping system and the growth stage of wheat had significant effects on the microbial communities in the long-term rotational cropping system, while the effects of crop rotation systems (R²=0.140) were stronger than growth stage (R²=0.108). And the differences in microbial communities had a certain cumulative effect on the growth and development of wheat. In addition, the rhizosphere microbial co-occurrence network of the wheat-cotton rotational cropping system had 26 key functional microorganisms, much more than those in the other two systems. However, it is worth noting that the key microorganisms in the wheat corn rotation system have a stronger promoting effect on wheat growth. Two of the key functional microorganisms, Niabella_Hub9 and Dokdonella_Hub24, had a significant promoting effect on wheat yield. This study improves the understanding and recognition of the functions and roles of microorganisms in different crop rotation systems, providing a basis for rational utilization and optimization of crop rotation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109370"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term nitrogen fertilization accelerates labile biomolecules decomposition and retains recalcitrant compounds in a temperate agroecosystem","authors":"Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangming Zhu ,&nbsp;Yunying Fang ,&nbsp;Tony Vancov ,&nbsp;Zhichao Zou ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Jin ,&nbsp;Lixiao Ma ,&nbsp;Di Wu ,&nbsp;Zhangliu Du","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization on the quantity, molecular constituents, and origin of soil organic matter (SOM) within the soil profile remains an area of ongoing investigation. We employed a comprehensive set of biomarkers (including free lipids, bound lipids, lignin phenols, neutral sugars, and amino sugars), ¹³C NMR techniques, and soil extracellular enzyme activities, to evaluate the SOM characteristics in response to 18-year N fertilizer gradients (i.e., 0, 57.5, 97.5, 137.5 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) to a depth of 60 cm in Northeast China. The results showed that N fertilization distinctly modified the molecular signature of SOM (e.g., biomolecules, degradation, and source) within the soil profile, particularly within the top 20 cm layer. N additions led to a 13.6–17.3 % increase in microbial-derived free lipids (predominantly short-chain lipids, &lt;C₂₀) and accelerated the degradation of aliphatic lipids in the topsoil, as indicated by an increased average chain length of aliphatic lipids. The response of lignin phenols and their degradation to varying levels of N addition differed across soil layers. Compared to the control, N enrichment increased cutin compounds by 26.7–93.7 %, whereas the impact on cutin and suberin<em>-</em>derived lipids was negligible. N fertilization reduced plant-derived neutral sugars by 5.8–26.5 % and microbial-derived neutral sugars by 10.2–15.9 % relative to ambient. Changes in bacterial and fungal necromass C, total microbial necromass C, and their contributions to soil organic C varied across treatments within specific soil layer. Furthermore, N enrichment was associated with microbial C limitation (as indicated by increased vector length) and a decrease in soil microbial C use efficiency, with a bias towards the decomposition of more labile biomolecules such as short-chain lipids, O-alkyl C, while more recalcitrant compounds (e.g., alkyl C, aromatic + phenolic C) were preserved. Collectively, our study offers mechanistic insights into the consequences of N enrichment on SOM compositions and stability at the molecular level, critical for understanding its persistence and broader functionality under impending global change paradigms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109373"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative pollinator conservation potential of coffee agroforestry relative to coffee monoculture and tropical rainforest in the DR Congo","authors":"Jonas Depecker ,&nbsp;Filip Vandelook ,&nbsp;Kurt Jordaens ,&nbsp;Achik Dorchin ,&nbsp;Benjamin Ntumba Katshela ,&nbsp;Ieben Broeckhoven ,&nbsp;Benoit Dhed’a ,&nbsp;Arne Devriese ,&nbsp;Lien Deckers ,&nbsp;Piet Stoffelen ,&nbsp;Olivier Honnay","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal-pollination is crucial in the reproduction of many crops grown in the tropics, including the self-incompatible Robusta coffee. <em>Coffea canephora</em> Pierre ex A. Froehner. is indigenous to the Congo basin where it is naturally growing in the rainforest understorey. Coffee cultivation mainly occurs in either unshaded monocultures or in agroforestry systems. Here we used pan traps to survey the Diptera (true flies) and Hymenoptera (bees) communities as the putative coffee pollinating organisms in the Yangambi region in DR Congo, and we assessed the comparative benefits of a coffee agroforestry system and coffee monoculture to the coffee pollinator community. To assess the pollinator conservation potential of the agroforestry system, we also compared its Diptera and Hymenoptera communities with natural rainforest as a benchmark. Natural rainforest harboured a higher number of individuals, as well as a higher number of species than both agroforestry and coffee monoculture systems, with no differences between the latter two land-uses. Furthermore, we observed different responses in species richness and diversity to land-use between Diptera and Hymenoptera. Our analyses further showed a high species dissimilarity between natural rainforest and the two cultivation systems, without significant differences between the latter. Specifically, the community composition of the agroforestry and coffee monoculture systems were totally different, rather than a subset of the community composition of the natural rainforest. Our study indicates that rehabilitation of agricultural land through intercropping fruit trees may not always enhance pollinator communities and that the studied agroforestry system falls short of matching the bee and fly conservation potential of natural rainforests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109375"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opposite effect on soil organic carbon between grain and non-grain crops: Evidence from Main Grain Land, China","authors":"Shidong Liu ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengping Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil organic carbon (SOC) content of cropland affects global food production and is crucial for agricultural carbon reduction. The SOC response to long-term changes in main grain land (MGL) likely differs from non-MGL cropland. We constructed a quantitative indicator system for the MGL planting pattern to reveal the relationship between MGL use change and SOC. We produced an MGL dataset for China from 1985 to 2020 based on the existing MGL distribution data and available Landsat images and analyzed the heterogeneity of SOC under different MGLs using two SOC datasets. Time series change detection explained the interaction between planting patterns and SOC. Different MGLs exhibited considerable heterogeneity in SOC. The single rice area with the highest SOC was twice (31.62 g/kg) that of the wheat and maize areas. SOC showed an opposite trend in MGL and non-MGL with increased planting intensity. Soil SOC content affected the expansion decisions of farmers in cropland and MGL. Areas with a high SOC were developed into MGL by farmers early. MGL consumed more SOC and had a stronger urgency for fallow cultivation than non-MGL. The planting intensity of MGL more than the inflection threshold (about 15 years) decreased shallow SOC (0–15 cm), decreasing below the initial value after more than 30 years. Currently, 62.08 % of MGL in China causes a decrease in SOC, with an urgent need for a fallow MGL of 27.38 Mha. Theoretical guidance for optimizing crop planting patterns to ensure food security and reduce agricultural carbon emissions was provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109364"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil metagenomics reveals reduced tillage improves soil functional profiles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in bulk and rhizosphere soils","authors":"Xiaojing Hu,&nbsp;Junjie Liu,&nbsp;Aizhen Liang,&nbsp;Haidong Gu,&nbsp;Zhuxiu Liu,&nbsp;Jian Jin,&nbsp;Guanghua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation tillage practices (CAT) are known to benefit soil health and soil ecosystem functions relative to conventional tillage (CVT); however, much uncertainty remains concerning microbial functional traits and their subsequent effects on soil nutrients under different tillage practices. We analyzed the functional profiles of the C, N, and P cycles in response to CAT of no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and CVT of moldboard plowing (MP) in bulk and rhizosphere soils using shotgun sequencing. CAT induced distinct microbial functional patterns relative to CVT, and these differences were generally more evident in rhizosphere soils than in bulk soils. CAT promotes multiple metabolic pathways such as C and N decomposition, fermentation, CO oxidation, N fixation, nitrate reduction and inorganic-P and organic-P transformations in bulk and/or rhizosphere soils. Variations in these metabolic pathways were mainly driven by <em>Bradyrhizobium</em>, <em>Mesorhizobium</em>, <em>Nitrososphaera</em>, <em>Phenylobacterium</em>, <em>Rhizobium</em> which are affiliated with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidota and Thaumarchaeota. Furthermore, 24 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed, of which three novel MAGs (TL100, TL46, and TL57) harbored functional genes regulating all metabolic pathways. In particular, NT-enriched MAGs (such as <em>Sphingomonas</em>) promote fermentation, resulting in the reduction of soil total carbon (TC) relative to MP in bulk soils. RT retained the contents of soil TC and total nitrogen (TN) well and up-regulated the <em>phoR</em> gene carried by <em>Streptomyces</em>, which promoted the regulation of P-starvation concomitantly with the increase in the contents of total phosphorous (TP) and available phosphorous (AP) in bulk soil. Additionally, assimilatory nitrate reduction coupled with organic-P mineralization was facilitated by CAT in rhizosphere soil, leading to the mitigation of N loss and the activation of soil organic-P for crop uptake. Overall, our results revealed that CAT significantly accelerated multiple metabolic potentials, and RT could sustain soil nutrient contents better than NT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"379 ","pages":"Article 109371"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}