Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献

{"title":"What follows fallow? Assessing revegetation patterns on abandoned sugarcane land in Hawaiʻi","authors":"D. Nākoa Farrant ,&nbsp;Dar A. Roberts ,&nbsp;Carla M. D’Antonio ,&nbsp;Ashley E. Larsen","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2023.108603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Millions of hectares of agricultural land have been abandoned globally in recent decades, presenting opportunities for secondary vegetation growth and restoration. While abandoned fields have the potential to return to ecological communities with similar species diversity to their pre-agricultural state, they alternatively may transition to novel ecosystems or persist in degraded states that may have alternative functions that impact ecological and human communities. Yet we lack an understanding of how vegetation naturally recovers on disturbed lands. Using remote sensing and land survey data, we characterized the structure, composition, and function of secondary vegetation canopies on former sugarcane fields in Hawaiʻi that were abandoned between 4 and 117 years ago. We used a species distribution model to identify patches of uncultivated land with similar environmental conditions to abandoned sugarcane fields to serve as reference ecosystems. Using these reference ecosystems, we evaluated how secondary ecosystems at different ages since abandonment compare in terms of canopy structure, composition, and function. Grasses were prevalent in the years immediately following abandonment, but shrubs and trees dominated canopy structure on fields that had been abandoned more than 20 years. Non-native species constituted most of the secondary vegetation, but native vegetation cover increased on sugarcane fields that had been abandoned longer than 25 years. Secondary vegetation recovered canopy functional traits in ≤ 53 years since abandonment. Completely recovering the structural properties of reference ecosystems would require over a century. Abandoned sugarcane fields are unlikely to recover the native composition of reference ecosystems through unassisted vegetation recovery. Our findings contribute to a growing body of literature that characterizes whether and when the globally increasing area of abandoned agricultural land may passively recover, which can direct restoration efforts on abandoned lands to enhance ecosystem services or guide alternative management to achieve socio-cultural objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 108603"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of different fertiliser management options and cultivars on nitrogen use efficiency and yield for rice cropping in the Indo-Gangetic Plain: Two seasons of methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions","authors":"Arti Bhatia ,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Cowan ,&nbsp;Julia Drewer ,&nbsp;Ritu Tomer ,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar ,&nbsp;Shikha Sharma ,&nbsp;Ankita Paul ,&nbsp;Niveta Jain ,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Girish Jha ,&nbsp;Renu Singh ,&nbsp;Radha Prasanna ,&nbsp;Balasubramanium Ramakrishnan ,&nbsp;Sanjoy K. Bandyopadhyay ,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Mark A. Sutton ,&nbsp;Himanshu Pathak","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2023.108593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents detailed crop and gas flux data from two years of rice production at the experimental farm of the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. In comparing 4 nitrogen (N) fertiliser regimes across 4 rice cultivars (CRD 310, IR-64, MTU 1010, P-44), we have added to growing evidence of the environmental costs of rice production in the region. The study shows that rice cultivar can impact yields of both grain, and total biomass produced in given circumstances, with the CRD 310 cultivar showing consistently high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for total biomass compared with other tested varieties, but not necessarily with the highest grain yield, which was P-44 in this experiment. While NUE of the rice did vary depending on experimental treatments (ranging from 41% to 73%), 73%), this did not translate directly into the reduction of emissions of ammonia (NH₃) and nitrous oxide (N₂O). Emissions were relatively similar across the different rice cultivars regardless of NUE. Conversely, agronomic practices that reduced total N losses were associated with higher yield. In terms of fertiliser application, the outstanding impact was of the very high methane (CH₄) emissions as a result of incorporating farmyard manure (FYM) into rice paddies, which dominated the overall effect on global warming potential. While the use of nitrification and urease inhibiting substances decreased N₂O emissions overall, NH₃ emissions were relatively unaffected (or slightly higher). Overall, the greatest reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions came from reducing irrigation water added to the fields, resulting in higher N₂O, but significantly less CH₄ emissions, reducing net GHG emission compared with continuous flooding. Overall, genetic differences generated more variation in yield and NUE than agronomic management (excluding controls), whereas agronomy generated larger differences than genetics concerning gaseous losses. This study suggests that a mixed approach needs to be applied when attempting to reduce pollution and global warming potential from rice production and potential pollution swapping and synergies need to be considered. Finding the right balance of rice cultivar, irrigation technique and fertiliser type could significantly reduce emissions, while getting it wrong can result in considerably poorer yields and higher pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 108593"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49732613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation agriculture assists smallholder farmers and their agroecosystem in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Willy Mulimbi ,&nbsp;Kristofor R. Brye ,&nbsp;Lawton L. Nalley ,&nbsp;Damas R. Birindwa","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2023.108597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conservation agriculture, a sustainable farming practice combining no or minimum soil disturbance, crop diversification, and soil cover, can benefit humans and the biophysical environment. However, less than half of Sub-Saharan African countries implement conservation agriculture, and the majority of smallholder farmers are using unsustainable practices. Research and field trials on conservation agriculture adaptation to soil and agroecological conditions are vital for increasing adoption of conservation agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the change in soil chemical properties and soil biology from implementation of conservation agriculture, (ii) assess cowpea (<em>Vigna unguiculata</em> L. Walp.) yield and variability under conservation agriculture compared to the conventional farming practice, and (iii) evaluate differences in soil chemical properties, soil biology, and crop yields under conservation agriculture in savannah and forest ecosystems compared to conventional agriculture in smallholder farming in the province of Maniema in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Soils under conservation agriculture had 6.5 times more (p &lt; 0.001) earthworms, 23% and 10% greater (p &lt; 0.05) concentrations of soil phosphorus and potassium, respectively, and 100% greater (p &lt; 0.001) cowpea yield than soils under conventional agriculture. Measured across all sites, conservation agriculture and conventional cowpea yields had coefficients of variation of 25% and 16%, respectively. This study showed for the first time that conservation agriculture implementation contributes to soil health and food security associated with smallholder farming in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 108597"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain legumes and dryland cereals contribute to carbon sequestration in the drylands of Africa and South Asia","authors":"Shem Kuyah ,&nbsp;Tarirai Muoni ,&nbsp;Jules Bayala ,&nbsp;Pierre Chopin ,&nbsp;A.Sigrun Dahlin ,&nbsp;Karl Hughes ,&nbsp;Mattias Jonsson ,&nbsp;Shalander Kumar ,&nbsp;Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi ,&nbsp;Kangbéni Dimobe ,&nbsp;Ingrid Öborn","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2023.108583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Grain legumes and drylands cereals including chickpea (<em>Cicer arietinum</em>), common bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em>), cowpea (<em>Vigna unguiculata</em>), groundnut (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em>), lentil (<em>Lens culinaris</em>), pigeon pea (<em>Cajanus cajan</em>), soybean (<em>Glycine max</em>), finger millet (<em>Eleusine coracana</em>), pearl millet (<em>Pennisetum glaucum</em>) and sorghum (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em>) are the leading sources of food grain in drylands of Africa and South Asia. These crops can help smallholder agriculture to become more resilient, productive, and profitable, but their quantitative impact on carbon sequestration is unknown. The aim of this review study was to quantify their contribution to carbon sequestration across the drylands of Africa and South Asia based on 437 publications with 1319 observations in studies conducted across 32 countries. Cropping systems with grain legumes showed the greatest increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations, while cereals (and pigeon pea) gave the largest amount of aboveground carbon stock (&gt;2 Mg C ha⁻¹). Estimated carbon stock in post-harvest residues of these crops was 1.51 ± 0.05 Mg C ha⁻¹ in Africa and 2.29 ± 0.10 Mg C ha⁻¹ in South Asia. These crops produced more aboveground carbon, and significantly increased SOC, when grown as intercrops. Soils with low initial SOC (&lt;1%) and high clay content (&gt;32%) showed the greatest potential for carbon sequestration when cropped with grain legumes and dryland cereals. This study is the first of its kind to provide evidence that grain legumes and drylands cereals improve carbon sequestration across Africa and South Asia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 108583"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49732267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to improve soil health by optimizing the plant–soil–microbe–anthropogenic activity nexus","authors":"Li Wang ,&nbsp;Peina Lu ,&nbsp;Shoujiang Feng ,&nbsp;Chantal Hamel ,&nbsp;Dandi Sun ,&nbsp;Kadambot H.M. Siddique ,&nbsp;Gary Y. Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2023.108750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Since the Green Revolution, world agriculture<span> has relied heavily on agrochemical<span> inputs (synthetic fertilizers and pesticides) in cereal- and oilseed-dominated monoculture systems, which has had long-lasting effects on soil health. Significant efforts have been undertaken to suppress these adverse impacts and resolve the conflict between producing sufficient agri-food to address world hunger and maintaining/enhancing soil health for the long run. In the context of </span></span></span>agricultural land<span> use and crop/soil managements impacting soil health, this comprehensive review explores the differences in soil fertility, soil quality, and soil health via delving into the complex assemblage of organisms – the home of the multi-dimensional interactive ecosystem. Through analyzing numerous studies across the major agricultural regions in the world, we provide feasible strategies to improve soil health, such as promoting the conversion of atmospheric N</span></span>₂<span> to plant-available N to enrich soil nutrients; diversifying crop rotations using alternative, cover, and green crops to increase systems’ resilience; adopting no-till with straw retention and organic/inorganic mulches to increase infiltration<span><span>, stimulate enzyme activities, and enhance soil </span>microbiome functions; and promoting C–N–water cycling to nourish soil microenvironments. These strategies, through coordinated management of the interactive nexus of plant–soil–microbe–anthropogenic activities, will help improve soil health.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 108750"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49733217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of shade trees in promoting carbon storage in the coffee agroforest systems","authors":"Javier Lugo-Pérez ,&nbsp;Zachary Hajian-Forooshani ,&nbsp;Ivette Perfecto ,&nbsp;John Vandermeer","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2023.108594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mitigation of CO₂ atmospheric emission rates is partially accomplished through carbon storage in ecosystems, including agricultural systems. In particular, agroforestry systems have been cited as important current and potentially future depositories for carbon. Coffee is produced on substantial areas of tropical lands, traditionally incorporating shade trees as part of the system, but recently having seen much conversion to so-called sun coffee, largely absent of shade trees. Taking the coffee production region of Puerto Rico as a case study, we estimated carbon (C) stock on 68 coffee farms in the Cordillera Central region of Puerto Rico. Total farm carbon was determined by combining carbon content in the soil, shade trees and the main crops (coffee, plantain and citrus). We note that 38 of the farms used in this study incorporated shade trees, 30 did not. Farms that included shade trees had larger overall pools of C, with shade trees accounting for almost all the variability in C storage, as the other pools of carbon measured in this study were relatively constant from farm to farm. This case study demonstrates that adopting agroforestry practices on coffee farms (<em>i.e</em>., maintaining and incorporating shade and fruit trees) could contribute to the reduction of the world’s carbon footprint, given the importance and extent of this agroecosystem type.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 108594"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated [CO2] enhances soil respiration and AMF abundance in a semiarid peanut agroecosystem","authors":"Haydee E. Laza ,&nbsp;Veronica Acosta-Martinez ,&nbsp;Amanda Cano ,&nbsp;Jeff Baker ,&nbsp;James Mahan ,&nbsp;Dennis Gitz ,&nbsp;Yves Emendack ,&nbsp;Lindsey Slaughter ,&nbsp;Robert Lascano ,&nbsp;David Tissue ,&nbsp;Paxton Payton","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2023.108592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO₂<span>] is a main climate change driver, and soil respiration<span><span> is the most relevant contributor to ecosystem respiration. However, the soil </span>microbiome and respiration responses of semiarid agroecosystems under elevated [CO</span></span>₂] (eCO₂<span>) conditions must be better understood. In particular, peanut agroecosystems host rhizobia<span> and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associations. Here, we sought to address the following questions: a) Does eCO</span></span>₂ conditions (650 µmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹, +250 µmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹, aCO₂<span><span>, control) alter soil chemical properties, soil </span>microbial community<span> size and composition, soil respiration, and β-Glucosidase activity? b) Are these responses influenced by transient water deficit periods? We conducted this study in a typical West Texas semiarid region (no well-watered treatment and drought was not an experimental factor) during two consecutive growing seasons (May-Oct). We induced the atmospheric CO</span></span>₂<span> enrichment using field-installed Canopy Evapotranspiration and Assimilation (CETA) systems. Our results showed no consistent significant changes in soil moisture, C: N ratio, total soil microbial EL-FAME abundance, or β-Glucosidase activity. However, we found that eCO</span>₂<span><span> increased soil temperature<span> (+1 °C), AMF abundance (EL-FAME marker, +49%), and soil respiration (+82%). Our findings suggest that in future semiarid climates, peanut agroecosystems may experience: 1) increased soil metabolic activity as a result of increased autotrophic respiration; 2) increased AMF, which could further facilitate plant nutrient and water uptake; and 3) minimal change in the total size of the microbial community and C cycling enzyme activity<span> during the growing season. In this manuscript, we demonstrated that soil respiration and temperature could be indicators of ecosystem productivity and climate feedback. Furthermore, soil organic carbon and AMF were good indicators of poor nutrient soil ecosystem transitional health across well-watered and water-deficit cycles. This study will increase our understanding of how these changes will affect </span></span></span>soil ecology and climate feedback and will provide new insight into the peanut agroecosystem carbon source/sink functioning and productivity in future climates.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 108592"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delaying sowing of cover crops decreases the ability to reduce nitrate leaching","authors":"Uttam Kumar,&nbsp;Ingrid Kaag Thomsen,&nbsp;Jørgen Eriksen,&nbsp;Iris Vogeler,&nbsp;Maarit Mäenpää,&nbsp;Elly Møller Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2023.108598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under favorable growth conditions cover crops are efficient tools to scavenge available nitrogen in the soil after the main crop and reduce nitrate leaching. However, their ability to reduce nitrate leaching is influenced by the available growth conditions after sowing and their characteristics to assimilate biomass and nitrogen (N). A flexible sowing time of cover crops without compromising their benefits to the environment implies knowledge of how the growth conditions after sowing of the cover crop affect leaching. Fodder radish, phacelia, and oats have different growth and N uptake characteristics, and their ability to reduce nitrate leaching depending on growth conditions after sowing may therefore differ. In this study, these three cover crops were evaluated, and their ability for taking up soil N and reducing nitrate leaching was quantified based on four sowing times from early August to early September with intervals of 7–11 days in 2019, 2020, and 2021 in Denmark. N uptake was measured in autumn each year and nitrate leaching measurements took place during the drainage period until the following spring. The N uptake decreased with subsequent sowing times across the cover crops and years. However, the decrease was different in different cover crops and different years. Nitrate leaching reduction also decreased with subsequent sowing times. On average, fodder radish reduced nitrate leaching by 64 kg N ha^-1, significantly more than phacelia and oats with 47 and 44 kg N ha^-1, respectively, across all sowing times and drainage periods. With an average reduction of nitrate leaching of 0.8 kg N ha^-1 per day and no interaction of N uptake and cover crops, the ability of fodder radish, phacelia, and oats to reduce nitrate leaching was not significantly different. Fodder radish and early sowing was the most effective combination to obtain the maximum benefits of nitrate leaching reduction by a cover crop.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 108598"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildflower plantings have mixed effects on insect herbivores and their natural enemies","authors":"Ola Lundin ,&nbsp;Fabian A. Boetzl ,&nbsp;Kimiora L. Ward ,&nbsp;Neal M. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2023.108587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flower strips are advocated as a strategy to promote beneficial insects as well as the services they deliver to adjacent crops. Flower strips have, however, often been developed separately for pollinators and natural enemies and, additionally, little consideration has been given to effects on insect herbivores. We sampled insect herbivores, their natural enemies and parasitism of pest eggs using vacuum sampling, sticky cards and egg cards in nine pairs of bee-attractive wildflower plantings and control field borders, as well as in adjacent tomato and watermelon crop fields in Yolo County, California 2015–2016. Control field borders had a higher total number of herbivores on sticky traps than did wildflower plantings, a pattern that was driven by more aphids, hoppers, psyllids and whiteflies, whereas wildflower plantings had more lace bugs and Lygus bugs. The total number of herbivores in the adjacent crop fields did not differ between treatments, but there were more leaf beetles near (at 10 m but not 50 m from) wildflower plantings. Control field borders had a higher total number of predators, driven by more big-eyed bugs, lady beetles and minute pirate bugs, whereas spiders were more common in wildflower plantings. The total number of predators in adjacent crop fields was, however, higher in those next to wildflower plantings, which was driven by more minute pirate bugs. Parasitoid wasps were more common in wildflower plantings and at 10 m but not 50 m into adjacent crop fields. Stink bug egg parasitism rate did not differ between treatments, either in the borders or in the crop fields. In conclusion, wildflower plantings clearly affect the insect herbivore and natural enemy community, but do so in a highly taxon-specific manner, which can lead to both positive and negative outcomes for pest control as a result.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 108587"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bird functional and taxonomic diversity in xerophytic forests: contributing to balance bird conservation and livestock production","authors":"Flavia R. Barzan ,&nbsp;Laura M. Bellis ,&nbsp;Sonia B. Canavelli ,&nbsp;Noelia C. Calamari ,&nbsp;Sebastián Dardanelli","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2023.108588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biodiversity is increasingly dependent on the ecological state of agricultural and livestock<span> systems. Here, we assess the relationship between bird functional and taxonomic diversity and forest structure along a gradient in grazing intensity<span> in xerophytic forests in Central-East Argentina. We found that bird functional diversity responds more to forest structure variables than taxonomic diversity. Further, we found a non-linear response of functional and taxonomic richness to grazing intensity, peaking at intermediate intensity. Mature forests with older trees and low grazing intensity favored a wider range of bird traits, such as seed dispersal<span> and cavity nesters. In particular, taxonomic and functional diversity significantly increased with increasing canopy cover and DBH. In contrast, shrub encroachment, high grazing intensity, and the decrease of tree density and cover were associated with reduced functional diversity, affecting various nesting, foraging, and habitat requirements of birds. We recommend preserving high canopy cover and older trees and maintaining low grazing intensities to create a synergy between livestock production and biodiversity conservation.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 108588"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49732575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}