Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Intensive agriculture influences functional diversity, redundancy and trait profile of bee community and interacting plant community in a tropical agricultural landscape","authors":"Anirban Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Parthiba Basu","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of agricultural intensification on bee community functional structure remains poorly understood. It may be assumed that agricultural intensification will influence trait diversity in the bee community through its effect on traits in the interacting plant community, as well as the modification of nesting habitats and insecticide exposure. Agricultural intensification may act as an environmental filter influencing species diversity, functional diversity and their inter-relationship, i.e., functional redundancy or complementarity in the bee and plant species assemblage. This may result in some specific traits in the bee and plant communities existing in a given landscape. From our study across 30 sites in 3 tropical agricultural landscapes we found that while functional diversity decreased along a gradient of increasing agricultural intensification, both plant and bee communities had higher functional redundancy. High agricultural intensity favoured a limited number of plant and bee species. While most of the species underwent reduced abundance, a handful of species with similar functional traits in the plant and bee communities survived. Plant communities shifted towards larger floral displays and less tubular flowers with reduced plant height in intensive agro-landscapes, where smaller body size and shorter tongue length were predominant in the bee community ‘traitscape’ with a higher abundance of soil-nesting bees. Our study pointed out the vulnerable functional areas regarding conservation of plant and bee communities in agricultural landscapes. A more targeted restoration strategy should be aided by this information for complimentary delivery of pollination service in the landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 109544"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental drivers, spatiotemporal dynamics, and pollination effectiveness of insect floral visitors in Australian seed carrot agroecosystems","authors":"Abby E. Davis ,&nbsp;Lena A. Schmidt ,&nbsp;Karen C.B.S. Santos ,&nbsp;Raylea Rowbottom ,&nbsp;Amy Lucas ,&nbsp;Samantha Harrington ,&nbsp;Cameron Spurr ,&nbsp;Romina Rader","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid cropping systems generally depend on insect pollinators to produce high quality yields. In this study, we identified the floral insect community of Australian carrot agroecosystems and evaluated how the location of plants within fields and select environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity) impacted visitor abundance to carrot flowers. We further evaluated the pollination effectiveness of select insect visitors based on the time of day the pollination event took place. Out of 26,083 carrot floral visitors observed, we identified 52 different insects (33 species and 19 morphospecies) from 26 families. Of these visitors, 86 % belonged to the families Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Apidae (Hymenoptera), Halictidae (Hymenoptera), and Syrphidae (Diptera). Wild variegated lady beetles (<em>Hippodamia variegata</em> Goeze, 1777) were the most abundant floral visitor observed on hybrid parent lines, while European honey bees (<em>Apis mellifera</em> Linnaeus, 1758) were the most abundant visitor of open-pollinated lines. The abundance of common bee, beetle, and fly taxa differed throughout the day (range: 05:00–17:00) based on temperature (10.5ºC to 39.5ºC) and relative humidity (19.7 %–94.7 %). Further, temporal complementary was observed in measures of pollination performance as <em>A. mellifera</em> and the European drone fly, <em>Eristalis tenax</em> (Linnaeus, 1758), deposited more pollen grains onto hybrid carrot floral stigmas compared to the native halictid bee <em>Lasioglossum cognatum</em> (Smith, 1853) before 12:00 (05:00–12:00), while <em>L. cognatum</em> deposited more pollen grains onto flowers compared to <em>A. mellifera</em> and <em>E. tenax</em> after 12:00 (12:00 and 17:00). The results of this study imply that integrated management practices to support the resource needs of wild bee and fly taxa can potentially provide increased pollination services to carrot seed crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 109553"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil microbial and plant biomass carbon allocation within perennial and annual grain cropping systems","authors":"Galen Bergquist ,&nbsp;Craig Sheaffer ,&nbsp;Manbir Rakkar ,&nbsp;Don Wyse ,&nbsp;Jacob Jungers ,&nbsp;Jessica Gutknecht","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perennial crops may improve the environmental sustainability of agriculture through their continuous growth, low inputs, and high root biomass. Extensive root growth of perennial grass crops, especially, can confer benefits such as improved soil health and soil carbon (C) storage both directly through biomass production and indirectly through stimulating soil microbial communities. To test these ideas, we compared crop productivity (grain, vegetative, and root biomass), soil microbial abundance, and soil microbial activity across six cropping systems for three years (2017–2019). The six cropping systems included the perennial species intermediate wheatgrass <em>(Thinopyrum intermedium</em> (Host.) Barkw. &amp; D.R. Dewey<em>;</em> IWG), alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.), and a biculture of both. Annual crop rotations included wheat, soybean, and corn (<em>Zea mays</em>). IWG monocultures produced an average of 7.4 Mg ha⁻¹ of root biomass over three years, two to three times more than annual systems. Because of early spring and fall vegetative growth, IWG and alfalfa had higher canopy density for a greater duration of the growing season than annual crops. IWG also had higher soil respiration in 2017 and 2019. These growth attributes of IWG were translating to higher fungal and Gram-negative bacterial lipid biomass than alfalfa or annual crops in 2019, also the year of the highest general microbial growth. The abundant root growth, annual duration of growing period, and conducive environment for microbial growth under IWG systems indicates the potential for future C storage, which may be offset to a degree by increased soil respiration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 109535"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing soil quality and nematode diversity through sustainable tillage and organic fertilization in the Loess Plateau's semi-arid farmlands","authors":"Yaqi Fan ,&nbsp;Duo Gao ,&nbsp;Lijing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiyu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhixia Yan ,&nbsp;Laichun Guo ,&nbsp;Tingmiao Huang ,&nbsp;Yuejing Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the impact of tillage and fertilization practices on enhancing the soil micro-ecological environment in the dry farmlands of the Loess Plateau, this study used nematodes as indicator organisms. We investigated the effects of three tillage methods (deep tillage, subsoiling, and no-tillage) and four fertilization methods (no fertilization, full chemical fertilizer, 50 % organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer, and full organic fertilizer) on the soil nematode community and its functions. Our findings indicate that the interaction between tillage and fertilization significantly influenced the soil's total abundance of nematodes and trophic groups. Specifically, the total abundance of nematodes and the relative abundance of bacterial-feeding nematodes were higher under subsoiling in maize and no-tillage in wheat season. Moreover, the energy flux within the food web was more pronounced. Applying chemical fertilizers resulted in greater soil bulk density and a higher proportion of plant parasitic nematodes than other treatments, harming the diversity of soil nematode communities. The nematode community's abundance was positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content. In summary, reducing tillage in the wheat-maize annual rotation system, implementing subsoiling in the maize season and no-tillage in the wheat season, combined with organic fertilizer application, can improve soil quality, improve nematode community structure and maintain the stability of the soil food web. This approach positively contributes to improving soil health and ecological stability in the dry farming regions of the Loess Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 109542"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in the pollen diet of managed bee species across European agroecosystems","authors":"Clément Tourbez ,&nbsp;Antoine Gekière ,&nbsp;Irene Bottero ,&nbsp;Marie-Pierre Chauzat ,&nbsp;Elena Cini ,&nbsp;Francesca Corvucci ,&nbsp;Joachim R. de Miranda ,&nbsp;Gennaro Di Prisco ,&nbsp;Christophe Dominik ,&nbsp;Francesca V. Grillenzoni ,&nbsp;Simon Hodge ,&nbsp;Tomasz Kiljanek ,&nbsp;Anina Knauer ,&nbsp;Marion Laurent ,&nbsp;Vicente Martínez-López ,&nbsp;Risto Raimets ,&nbsp;Janine M. Schwarz ,&nbsp;Deepa Senapathi ,&nbsp;Giorgia Serra ,&nbsp;Giovanni Tamburini ,&nbsp;Denis Michez","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bee-mediated pollination plays a crucial role in sustaining global food production. However, while the demand for these pollination services is increasing, many bee species are in decline. To address this discrepancy, farmers use managed bee species to improve crop pollination. One key factor affecting pollination efficiency is the affinity for the crop of interest (<em>i.e.</em>, the extent to which a bee integrates floral resources of a crop into its diet). In this study, we characterised and compared the pollen foraging preferences of three managed bee species: <em>Apis mellifera</em>, <em>Bombus terrestris</em>, and <em>Osmia bicornis</em>, across European agricultural landscapes and across biogeographic regions. Managed populations of each bee species were experimentally established at 128 agricultural sites growing either apple or rapeseed, in landscapes representing gradients in terms of the proportion of cropland, in eight European countries. We conducted pollen store sampling and employed palynological analyses to describe the foraging preferences of these species and to extrapolate their suitability as pollinators for both crops. Our findings reveal that <em>A. mellifera</em> and <em>B. terrestris</em> exhibited a more generalised pollen diet compared to <em>O. bicornis</em>, which showed stronger preference to certain pollen forage plants, but these were mainly non-crop rather than crop plants. These results question the relevance of using <em>O. bicornis</em> in apple orchards and rapeseed crops given their poor affinity with these crops. Overall, <em>A. mellifera</em> collected the highest proportion of rapeseed pollen in its diet, and <em>A. mellifera</em> and <em>B. terrestris</em> collected higher proportions of apple pollen than <em>O. bicornis</em>. Our findings also highlight substantial variation in the percentage of focal crop pollen in the diet across biogeographic regions, while landscape composition had virtually no impact. These results provide valuable insights for selecting the most suitable managed bee species to enhance the pollination of two key crops in Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 109518"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mismatches between ammonium and nitrate losses at the field and watershed scales suggest contrasting controls in two agricultural watersheds","authors":"Anna E.S. Vincent ,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Tank ,&nbsp;Abagael N. Pruitt ,&nbsp;Shannon L. Speir ,&nbsp;Ursula H. Mahl ,&nbsp;Lienne R. Sethna ,&nbsp;Lindsey M. Rasnake ,&nbsp;Todd V. Royer","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen (N) fertilizer enhances crop production, but field runoff impacts water quality in adjacent freshwaters. Planting winter cover crops reduces nitrate-N losses during the fallow period, but less is known about impacts on ammonium-N. From 2016–2023, we sampled biweekly from the Shatto Ditch and Kirkpatrick Ditch Watersheds in Indiana (USA) to compare the impact of cover crops on dissolved inorganic nitrogen at the field-, edge-of-field, and watershed-scales. We measured soil ammonium-N and nitrate-N, biomass, and organic matter in fall and spring. Cover crops reduced soil ammonium-N at Shatto and soil nitrate-N in both watersheds. Tile losses and watershed yields of ammonium-N occurred on scales orders of magnitude lower than nitrate-N. Tile ammonium-N losses from cover cropped fields ranged from 97 % lower to 31 % higher at Shatto, and 45 % lower to 75 % higher at Kirkpatrick compared to those without. Cover crops reduced field-scale nitrate-N losses at Shatto by 58–87 %, but losses at Kirkpatrick ranged 99 % lower to 15 % higher. Tile flow explained interannual variation in nitrate-N losses, while field-scale ammonium-N losses were driven by soil and microbial interactions and mobilization during storms. Watershed-scale ammonium-N and nitrate-N yields correlated with runoff (Kendall τ=0.45 and 0.39, respectively). While nitrate-N yields mirrored runoff, ammonium-N yields exhibited a step-functional increase, pointing to the importance of storms as a driver of loss. As Midwest crop production adapts to fluctuating environmental conditions, we demonstrate how applying cover crops over a multi-year period can mitigate ammonium-N losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 109531"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollination services to squash insufficient despite abundant specialist bees","authors":"Nicholas A. Ivers ,&nbsp;Hannah L. Gray ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Lopez ,&nbsp;Brad G. Peter ,&nbsp;John L. Neff ,&nbsp;Scott Longing ,&nbsp;Margarita M. López-Uribe ,&nbsp;Shalene Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal-mediated pollination is a critical ecosystem service required by 75 % of crop species for optimal yield. Yet landscape-level pollination assessments for key crops remain limited as many studies focus only on pollinator visitation events, producing an incomplete understanding of the ecological factors that may be driving pollen deposition. In this study, we assess how pollinator visitation as well as local and landscape-level land management contribute to pollen deposition rates for squash (<em>Cucurbita pepo</em>) in one of the largest, yet most understudied squash production regions in the United States. We documented contrasting visitation patterns for generalist and specialist bees, where generalist honey bees exhibited a landscape dilution effect in response to natural habitat cover and specialist squash bees exhibited a resource concentration effect in response to male squash flower abundance. Despite relatively high crop visitation rates overall, we found that pollen deposition was insufficient for optimal crop yield across the study region. Further, our single-visit experiments revealed that most pollinator visits did not result in pollen deposition, suggesting that visitation rates alone may overestimate pollination. Specifically, we identified that specialist squash bee, <em>Xenoglossa strenua</em>, contributed the most to pollen deposition as they were the most frequent visitors, were more likely to deposit pollen on a visit, and deposited more pollen grains per visit than other bee species. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying pollination metrics across ecologically distinct taxa and multiple points in the ecosystem service cascade to more accurately characterize service provision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 109543"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manure-nitrogen substitution for urea leads to higher yield but increases N2O emission in vegetable production on nitrate-rich soils","authors":"Shengrong Ju ,&nbsp;Ju Min ,&nbsp;Ziyan Li ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Hao ,&nbsp;Xingkui Wu ,&nbsp;Herbert J. Kronzucker ,&nbsp;Weiming Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large amounts of organic manure are applied globally to maintain vegetable production, but this practice also leads to a high accumulation of nitrate in soils used in vegetable cultivation. It is unclear whether the increased carbon input from manure, applied with the goal of improving nitrogen (N) supply, might stimulate nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from such high-nitrate soils. We here conducted a two-year field experiment in a typical soil (classified as an Anthrosol) used for vegetable cultivation, with high nitrate residue, in China, to investigate the comprehensive effects of various proportions of manure N and urea N (0–100 % manure N) on yield, N₂O emission, and global warming potential (GWP). 25 % and 50 % manure-N substitutions increased the yield, over five vegetable-growing seasons, by 5–31 %, compared with 100 % urea-N. Cumulative N₂O emissions and the sum of GWP (mGWP) also increased with the ratio of manure N to urea N. Compared to 0 %M, cumulative N₂O emissions increased by −20–41 %, 20–98 %, 10–151 %, and 20–235 % in 25 %M, 50 %M, 75 %M, and 100 %M, respectively, and mGWP increased by 8 %, 19 %, 28 %, and 40 %, respectively. Moreover, the average yield-scaled GWP across five treatments ranged from 78 to 191 kg CO₂-eq Mg⁻¹ year⁻¹. The manure-N substitution affected the abundance of <em>nirK, nirS,</em> and <em>nosZ</em> genes, significantly increasing the value of (<em>nirK</em>+<em>nirS</em>)/<em>nosZ</em>, by 2.9, 10.3, 24.7, and 21.0 times, in 25 %M, 50 %M, 75 %M, and 100 %M, respectively, compared to 0 %M, which may explain the increase in cumulative N₂O emissions and the sum of GWP at higher manure percentages. Our study shows that higher relative manure-N quantities can be beneficial to yield but increase N₂O emission, and highlights the importance of carefully balancing manure substitution ratios in high-nitrate vegetable soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 109541"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal nitrogen distribution in maize canopy can synergistically improve maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency while reduce environmental risks","authors":"Xiaoxia Guo ,&nbsp;Wanmao Liu ,&nbsp;Yunshan Yang ,&nbsp;Guangzhou Liu ,&nbsp;Bo Ming ,&nbsp;Ruizhi Xie ,&nbsp;Keru Wang ,&nbsp;Shaokun Li ,&nbsp;Peng Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the premise of 0 increase in nitrogen input and environmental friendliness, optimizing planting density to improve canopy nitrogen distribution is conducive to balancing the contradiction between resource consumption and yield increase, and promoting a cleaner production model of high yield and high efficiency in maize. We studied the effects of nitrogen application on grain yield, grain nitrogen concentration, grain protein concentration, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and vegetative organ nitrogen uptake, distribution, remobilization, economic returns and environmental benefit of two high-yielding maize hybrids under different planting densities (7.5 ×10⁴ plant ha⁻¹ and 12.0 × 10⁴ plant ha⁻¹) and nitrogen applications (0, 180, 360, and 540 kg N ha⁻¹) during 2019–2020. The results showed that the maize yield, grain nitrogen concentration and grain protein concentration reached the maximum of 22.7 t ha⁻¹, 1.9 %, 12.7 % corresponding to planting density of 12.0 × 10⁴ plant ha⁻¹ and nitrogen application of 360 kg ha⁻¹. The economic returns were also maximized which was 5.4 × 10³ USD ha⁻¹. Nitrogen utilization efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen application, while increased with increasing planting density. The nitrogen accumulation and remobilization of plants had a positive response to nitrogen application and planting density. Higher yields were obtained due to higher vegetative organs of pre-silking nitrogen accumulation and stalk nitrogen remobilization and high nitrogen accumulation in the middle leaf. Under this high-yielding condition, both reactive nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions of the optimal combination were 6.1 % lower than the low-yielding combination. Therefore, under high planting density, selecting suitable hybrids, defining the appropriate nitrogen application and optimizing nitrogen distribution in maize canopy can achieve high-yield and efficient production of maize while reduce environmental risks. This study highlights the importance of optimizing canopy nitrogen distribution in maize, and likewise provides new insights into mitigating the negative environmental effects of agricultural production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 109540"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamically managing soil phosphorus could halve phosphorus losses from cropland in lake basins","authors":"Pengqi Liu ,&nbsp;Qingwen Shi ,&nbsp;Zhuo Chen ,&nbsp;Mingyang Wang ,&nbsp;Feiyu Ying ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Gu ,&nbsp;Yuxiao Wu ,&nbsp;Zhi Yao ,&nbsp;Wen-Feng Cong ,&nbsp;Zhengxiong Zhao ,&nbsp;Hao Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.109532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive fertilization leads to the accumulation of phosphorus (P) in the soil, potentially leading to P pollution in water bodies. A key challenge is to provide long-term solutions for sustainable P management to meet environmentally safe levels, meanwhile maintaining high crop yields. Here, we developed a dynamic P management (DPM) strategy that utilizes a P cycling model integrated with machine learning to manage the long-term soil P status and reduce P losses from soil and fertilizers within the safe threshold. We used the Erhai Lake Basin as an example witnessed a substantial increase in P balance, from 20.8 kg ha⁻¹ to 43.6 kg ha⁻¹, with an increase in soil available P by 51 % and total P losses by 63 % between 2010 and 2020. We then estimated the soil P threshold as 34.0 mg kg⁻¹ and 18.9 mg kg⁻¹ on average for the water environmental and agronomic thresholds, respectively. Currently, 90 % of the townships exceed these soil P thresholds. Employing a DPM strategy could achieve an optimal steady-state level of soil P in the basin within 44 years, balancing agronomic and environmental needs and reducing P application and losses by 60 % and 56 %, respectively. This study provides long-term solutions for sustainable P management in lake basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"383 ","pages":"Article 109532"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}