The journal of education in perioperative medicine : JEPM最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Ombuds in Graduate Medical Education: Fostering Wellness and Psychological Safety.","authors":"Jennifer Danielsson, Stephanie A Chen, Naralys Batista, Caroline H Jensen, Teresa A Mulaikal","doi":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue4_Mulaikal","DOIUrl":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue4_Mulaikal","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors propose an educational innovation in graduate medical education, the creation of an Education Ombudsperson. Although this role has been implemented for faculty and students within the medical field, it has not been described in residency programs. The Ombudsperson for house staff is distinct from institutional or programmatic leadership. His or her primary role within a department is to foster psychological safety, wellness, advocacy, and professionalism in residency or fellowship programs. This manuscript describes the process for selection, visitor consultation, escalation pathways, and examples of concerns addressed proactively. The Ombudsperson can complement the role of the Program Director, Chair, and Designated Institutional Official in a collaborative model that addresses challenges in the learning environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75067,"journal":{"name":"The journal of education in perioperative medicine : JEPM","volume":"26 4","pages":"E733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11717142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical Distribution of Newly Accredited Anesthesiology Training Programs in Relation to Health Professional Shortage Areas and Medically Underserved Populations.","authors":"James Harvey Jones, Neal Fleming","doi":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue4_HarveyJones","DOIUrl":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue4_HarveyJones","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Expanding the physician workforce in underserved areas is imperative for addressing healthcare disparities. The creation of new residency training programs has assisted in these efforts. However, anesthesiology training programs are infrequently studied in this regard. Our objective was to compare the geographical distribution of newly accredited anesthesiology training programs with new surgery, obstetrics, and family practice programs with respect to health professional shortage areas (HPSAs) and medically underserved populations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The locations of residency training programs accredited between 2014 and 2024 were identified by querying the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access System. Whether the postal address of the training program corresponded to a medically underserved area or population was then recorded. HPSA and maternal care target area (MCTA) scores were also collected as an indicator of poor access to primary care or maternal care for the postal addresses of each program. Bivariate US maps qualitatively compared the geographical distributions of newly accredited training programs, analysis of variance and &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; tests were used to compare HPSA and MCTA scores, and χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; tests were used to compare the percentage of programs in medically underserved areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Forty-eight anesthesiology programs became accredited between 2014 and 2024, as well as 127 surgical, 360 family medicine, and 68 obstetrical programs (total = 603). States with higher HPSA scores tended to have a relatively lower numbers of newly accredited anesthesiology and surgery programs. The mean HPSA and MCTA scores for anesthesiology programs were comparable to those for family medicine and obstetrical programs, respectively (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &gt; .5). There was no statistically significant difference noted among the distribution of anesthesia, surgery, family medicine, or obstetrical training programs in medically underserved areas (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &gt; .5).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;The geographical distributions of new anesthesiology and surgery training programs are qualitatively similar. Like family medicine and obstetrical training programs, newly accredited anesthesiology training programs are in HPSAs with comparable need priorities as evidenced by statistically similar HPSA and MCTA scores. However, with only roughly one-third of all newly accredited family medicine, obstetrical, surgery, and anesthesiology training programs in medically underserved areas, substantial work is still needed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;States with higher HPSA scores tend to have a relatively lower number of newly accredited anesthesiology and surgery programs. The locations of newly accredited anesthesiology training programs are similar to those of newly accredited family medicine and obstetrical trainin","PeriodicalId":75067,"journal":{"name":"The journal of education in perioperative medicine : JEPM","volume":"26 4","pages":"E731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11717141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Candidate Characteristics that Predicted a Successful Anesthesiology Residency Program Match in 2024: An Anonymous, Prospective Survey.","authors":"Tricia Pendergrast, Jed Wolpaw, Michael P Hofkamp","doi":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue4_Hofkamp","DOIUrl":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue4_Hofkamp","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The primary aim of our study was to identify candidate characteristics that predicted a successful outcome for applicants to anesthesiology residency programs in the 2024 Main Residency Match. The secondary aim of our study was to assess the impact of gold and silver signals on the application process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Baylor Scott & White Research Institute institutional review board approved this study. Study investigators created a REDCap survey by consensus that included questions about demographic and academic characteristics for participants in the 2024 Match who applied to anesthesiology residency programs. A link to an invitation to participate in our study was posted to 2 social media platforms. The survey was accessible from March 19, 2024, to March 28, 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and fourteen matched and 23 unmatched applicants completed the survey. Matched applicants reported a higher mean US Medical Licensing Examination Step 2 score than unmatched applicants (252 versus 245, <i>P</i> < .01) along with more interview invitations (11 versus 6, <i>P</i> < .01). Matched and unmatched applicants submitted a mean of 44 and 55 applications to residency programs without a gold or silver signal, respectively, that resulted in a median of 1 interview invitation for both cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of our study indicate that matched applicants had higher self-reported US Medical Licensing Examination Step 2 scores and interview invitations than unmatched applicants. Additionally, applications to programs that did not receive a gold or silver signal yielded only 1 additional interview invitation and resulted in a high financial cost to the applicant.</p>","PeriodicalId":75067,"journal":{"name":"The journal of education in perioperative medicine : JEPM","volume":"26 4","pages":"E732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11717140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Prioritized Anesthesiology Residency Critical Care Content Outline.","authors":"Jason Brainard, Sarah Alber, Andrew G Smith, Genie E Roosevelt, Matt Rustici","doi":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue3_Brainard","DOIUrl":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue3_Brainard","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Critical care education is an important, mandatory component of residency training in anesthesiology. Currently, there is no accepted national standardized curriculum, and a prioritized critical care content outline would be beneficial to the creation of a pragmatic standardized residency curriculum. The modified Delphi method is a recognized method for establishing consensus in medical education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a prioritized critical care content outline using the modified Delphi method. Topics were selected from critical care topics included in the Program Requirements for Graduate Medical Education in Anesthesiology and the American Board of Anesthesiology Content Outline. Panel members rated critical care topics on a 9-point Likert scale (<i>1 = not important, 9 = mandatory</i>). Consensus was defined as ≥75% rating the topic as very important to mandatory for inclusion (Likert scale 7-9). Topics with >80% consensus were removed from subsequent surveys and included in the final list, and topics with <50% were removed. Members were asked to select the ideal timing of topic delivery during residency (Foundational-Early Residency, Intermediate-Mid Residency, Advanced-Late Residency).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 158 panel members who were contacted using national anesthesiology organization email lists completed the initial round, 119 (75%) completed the second iteration, and 116 (73%) completed the third. Response rate on the first survey was (22/55) 40% for anesthesiology critical care program directors, (18/132) 14% for core anesthesiology residency program directors, and (77/1150) 7% for the remaining respondents. Trainees (n = 41) were not included in response rate calculations. Most participants (103/158, 65%) had completed both core anesthesiology and subspecialty critical care medicine training and most (87/158, 55%) had formal roles in medical education. Forty-one (26%) responders were currently in training. All panelists worked in institutions with graduate medical education (GME) learners. Fifty-eight of 136 (43%) topics met consensus for inclusion. Most consensus topics (50/58, 86%) were recommended to be delivered early during residency with the other 8 topics to be delivered in the middle of residency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We developed a prioritized critical care content outline for anesthesiology residents that includes highly recommended critical care topics with ideal timing for inclusion in residency. This outline provides the first step in developing a pragmatic standardized curriculum to guide faculty and programs in critical care education.</p>","PeriodicalId":75067,"journal":{"name":"The journal of education in perioperative medicine : JEPM","volume":"26 3","pages":"E728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and Recommendations for the Society of Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology Fellowship Websites.","authors":"Vladislav Zhitny, Kenny Do, Joshua Levy, Michael C Wajda, Eric Kawana, Vishal Gupta, James Bruzzese, Jenifer Do, Anke Wang, Olubunmi Okunlola, Jeffrey Bernstein","doi":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue3_Zhitny","DOIUrl":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue3_Zhitny","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75067,"journal":{"name":"The journal of education in perioperative medicine : JEPM","volume":"26 3","pages":"E730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-Tuning Large Language Models to Enhance Programmatic Assessment in Graduate Medical Education.","authors":"Gregory J Booth, Thomas Hauert, Mike Mynes, John Hodgson, Elizabeth Slama, Ashton Goldman, Jeffrey Moore","doi":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue3_Moore","DOIUrl":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue3_Moore","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Natural language processing is a collection of techniques designed to empower computer systems to comprehend and/or produce human language. The purpose of this investigation was to train several large language models (LLMs) to explore the tradeoff between model complexity and performance while classifying narrative feedback on trainees into the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education subcompetencies. We hypothesized that classification accuracy would increase with model complexity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors fine-tuned several transformer-based LLMs (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers [BERT]-base, BERT-medium, BERT-small, BERT-mini, BERT-tiny, and SciBERT) to predict Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education subcompetencies on a curated dataset of 10 218 feedback comments. Performance was compared with the authors' previous work, which trained a FastText model on the same dataset. Performance metrics included F1 score for global model performance and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each competency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No models were superior to FastText. Only BERT-tiny performed worse than FastText. The smallest model with comparable performance to FastText, BERT-mini, was 94% smaller. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each competency was similar on BERT-mini and FastText with the exceptions of Patient Care 7 (Situational Awareness and Crisis Management) and Systems-Based Practice.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Transformer-based LLMs were fine-tuned to understand anesthesiology graduate medical education language. Complex LLMs did not outperform FastText. However, equivalent performance was achieved with a model that was 94% smaller, which may allow model deployment on personal devices to enhance speed and data privacy. This work advances our understanding of best practices when integrating LLMs into graduate medical education.</p>","PeriodicalId":75067,"journal":{"name":"The journal of education in perioperative medicine : JEPM","volume":"26 3","pages":"E729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142362559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faculty Development Provided During Work Hours: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study for Developing Clinician Educators.","authors":"Leila W Zuo, Landon J Crippes, Amy K Miller Juve","doi":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue2_MillerJuve","DOIUrl":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue2_MillerJuve","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Faculty development is important but often limited by conflict with ongoing responsibilities. The Oregon Health & Science University Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine schedules more faculty physicians to work on Wednesdays, with nonclinical time in the morning and a clinical assignment in the afternoon, to facilitate a resident physician academic half-day (AHD). We designed a novel faculty development course to run in the mornings of the AHD using Kern's 6-step approach to curriculum development and hypothesized that it would be feasible and satisfactory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A needs assessment was performed. Two experts in medical education developed the curriculum and sought faculty with medical education training to lead sessions. Five participants completed pre-intervention, daily session, and post-intervention surveys. Satisfaction was evaluated by surveys. Feasibility was evaluated by session attendance and surveys. Kirkpatrick's model for program evaluation was used, and a thematic analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants responded \"Strongly Agree\" to all participant satisfaction post-intervention questions. All participants were able to meet the >50% attendance goal, only missing sessions when pre-call, post-call, on vacation, or ill. All participants reported changes in behavior and reported developing their clinician educator professional identities. One participant reported re-affirming their commitment to academic medicine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This faculty development pilot course provided during work hours was feasible, and participants were highly satisfied. In addition, thematic analysis suggests that the course helped faculty develop a clinician educator professional identity and changed their behavior. Future work will include a qualitative study to understand the impact on participant behavior and professional identity formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75067,"journal":{"name":"The journal of education in perioperative medicine : JEPM","volume":"26 2","pages":"E727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Procedure-Focused Escape Room: A Pilot Study on Teaching High-Stakes Technical Skills in Anesthesia Residents.","authors":"Jeffrey Huang, Natalia Tarasova, Charles R Sims, Lauren K Licatino, Timothy R Long, Arnoley S Abcejo","doi":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue2_Huang","DOIUrl":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue2_Huang","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-stakes yet clinically infrequent procedures are challenging to teach. Escape rooms may offer an innovative solution through game-based learning. There is limited guidance on how to design an escape room focused on physical puzzles. We designed and implemented a procedure-focused escape room to teach high-stakes procedures to anesthesiology residents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected 5 procedural skills relevant to anesthesiology residents through a modified Delphi technique: fiberoptic intubation, rapid infuser setup, intraosseous line placement, flexible bronchoscopy, and supraglottic airway exchange. We designed associated skills stations and linked them in sequence using an elaborate series of puzzles, locks, keys, and codes. The total cost of puzzle equipment was $169.53. After pilot testing, we implemented the escape room from July to November 2022. We assessed residents using a single group pretest-posttest study design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-three of 55 (78%) eligible anesthesiology residents participated in the escape room. Thirty-one residents completed the surveys. Resident self-efficacy significantly improved for each of the 5 procedures. Twenty-six of 27 (96%) residents preferred the escape room over a typical procedural skills workshop.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of a procedure-focused escape room for teaching high-stakes technical skills. We identified 3 lessons in procedure-focused escape room design: set participant caps intentionally, optimize resource usage, and maximize reproducibility. Participating in a single escape room session significantly increased resident self-efficacy. Residents strongly preferred the escape room format over a traditional procedural skills workshop.</p>","PeriodicalId":75067,"journal":{"name":"The journal of education in perioperative medicine : JEPM","volume":"26 2","pages":"E725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Qualitative Exploration of the Career-Choice Journey of Women in Anesthesiology.","authors":"Bridget M Marroquin, Emily L Stebbins, Stacy L Fairbanks, Bobbie Ann Adair White","doi":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue2_Marroquin","DOIUrl":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue2_Marroquin","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women are underrepresented in the anesthesiology physician workforce. Additionally, recruitment of women into the specialty has been stagnant over the past 2 decades. Current evidence is lacking regarding how and why women navigate the career-exploration journey to find anesthesiology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of women choosing a career in anesthesiology, specifically identifying facilitators and barriers to career choice and professional identity formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using constructivist grounded theory, we explored the self-reported experiences of women anesthesiology trainees, including resident physicians and senior medical students. Seven resident physicians and 4 medical students participated in the study. Through semistructured interviews, data collection, and iterative analysis, the authors identified codes and emerging themes, thereby advancing the understanding of the career-choice journeys of women anesthesiologists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Iterative analysis revealed 6 themes related to career-choice journeys for women in anesthesiology. Three emerging themes have been previously described in career-choice reviews (specialty characteristics, gender awareness, and pathway support). Additionally, 3 novel themes emerged from our study population (hidden curriculum, learning environment, and mystery behind the drape).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study highlight factors and experiences that impact career-choice decisions for women who choose anesthesiology. Only in understanding the how and why of women physicians' journeys can we hope to build on this knowledge, thereby striving to develop educational, clinical, professional, and personal experiences that support women along their professional journeys to ultimately find anesthesiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":75067,"journal":{"name":"The journal of education in perioperative medicine : JEPM","volume":"26 2","pages":"E726"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, Characterization, and Ranking of Candidate Metrics for Selection to Anesthesiology Residency: An Iterative Survey of Program Directors.","authors":"Michael P Hofkamp, Daniel Saddawi-Konefka, Emily G Teeter, Fasa George Guldan, Clinton Kakazu, Brittany Maggard, Ned Nasr, Michelle Parra, Arvind Rajagopal, Kelly Ural, Courtney Shaver, Jed Wolpaw","doi":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue2_Hofkamp","DOIUrl":"10.46374/VolXXVI_Issue2_Hofkamp","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The primary aim of this study was to identify and stratify candidate metrics used by anesthesiology residency program directors (PDs) to develop their residency rank lists through the National Resident Matching Program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen PDs comprised the participants, selected for diversity in geography and program size. We used a 3-round iterative survey to identify and stratify candidate metrics. In the first round, participants listed metrics they planned to use to evaluate candidates. In the second round, metrics from the first round were ranked by importance, and criteria were solicited to define an exceptional, strong, average, marginal, and uncompetitive candidate for each metric. In the third round, aggregated results were presented and participants refined their rankings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 16 PDs selected, 15 participated in the first and second survey rounds, and 10 in the third. Eighteen candidate metrics were indicated by 8 or more PDs for residency selection. All 10 PDs from the final round identified passing Step 1 of the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) and the absence of \"red flags\" like a failed rotation as key selection metrics, both averaging an importance score of 4.9 out of 5. Other metrics identified by all PDs included clerkship evaluation comments, USMLE Step 2 scores, class rank, letters of recommendation, personal statement, and program and geographical signals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study reveals key metrics anesthesiology residency PDs use for candidate ranking, which may offer candidates insights into their competitiveness for anesthesiology residency.</p>","PeriodicalId":75067,"journal":{"name":"The journal of education in perioperative medicine : JEPM","volume":"26 2","pages":"E724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}