alexandria engineering journal最新文献

{"title":"Two-steps variance calibrated estimators with linear and non-linear constraints for mailed surveys with non-response","authors":"Ahmed Audu ,&nbsp;Maggie Aphane","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposed a new class of variance estimators that uses a two-step technique with designed weights based on linear and non-linear constraints to handle the presence of non-response in sample surveys. The proposed class of the estimators has three members. It was designed to be robust against extreme values or outliers in the data. In the first step, the calibration weights of the new estimator are set proportionally to the design weights of existing finite population variance estimators for a mailed survey with non-response. In the second step, the constants of proportionality are determined based on different objectives, such as bias reduction or minimum mean squared error. This paper thoroughly examined the theoretical and numerical properties of the proposed estimators. Empirical studies using simulated data demonstrated the superior performance of two members of the proposed estimator compared to existing methods across various data scenarios. The results of the error analysis revealed that the members of the proposed class of estimator are robust and efficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"124 ","pages":"Pages 591-602"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Pure Pursuit algorithm based on real-time error","authors":"Fengyun Cao ,&nbsp;Dengtao Wu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the issues of vehicle overshoot on high-curvature paths (with a curvature radius less than 15 m) and the poor tracking performance on continuous turning paths in the traditional Pure Pursuit (PP) algorithm, this paper proposes an optimized Pure Pursuit control algorithm based on real-time error (PP-PD). First, the product of the vehicle's real-time error absolute value and an error coefficient is introduced into the traditional look-ahead distance calculation formula. Second, the control output of the PP algorithm is combined with the proportional-derivative (PD) control result based on real-time error according to a weighted formula to form a closed-loop control structure. The validation experiments are conducted using co-simulation of CarSim and Matlab/Simulink. The average error is used as the tracking cost index, and the proportion of vehicle overshoot in time and space is used to quantify the overshoot situation. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional PP algorithm, the PP-PD algorithm significantly improves tracking performance on continuous turning and high-curvature paths: the tracking cost is reduced by 43 %, and the overshoot is reduced by 51 %. This fully demonstrates that the PP-PD algorithm can greatly reduce vehicle overshoot and significantly improve tracking accuracy on high-curvature sections, providing a solid foundation for the smooth operation of the vehicle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"124 ","pages":"Pages 603-612"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel discrete statistical model with applications on medical and health real data","authors":"Muteb Faraj Alharthi ,&nbsp;Samirah Alzubaidi","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces and examines a novel two-parameter count probability distribution. The new distribution is developed by combining Poisson and two-parameter Chris-Jerry distributions and is named as “Poisson two-parameter Chris-Jerry” distribution. Key mathematical characteristics of this model are analyzed, including moments, moment-generating functions, variance, dispersion index, skewness, and kurtosis. Additionally, reliability features such as the hazard rate, and Shannon entropy are explored. The parameter estimation is performed using a renowned maximum likelihood estimation approach. A comprehensive simulation study is utilized to evaluate the performance of derived estimators. The model's flexibility is tested on four datasets from different domains, revealing that it offers greater flexibility compared to existing distributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"125 ","pages":"Pages 42-54"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic-plastic stage internal force analysis method for tunnel segment considering the bearing performance of reinforcement","authors":"Ziyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Kun Feng ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Liu ,&nbsp;Chuan He ,&nbsp;Jinxuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the existing structural internal force calculation methods generally treat the structure as concrete to calculate the internal force, ignoring the impact of reinforcements, resulting in large internal force calculation errors. This study introduces a theoretical calculation method for internal forces in reinforced concrete structures that accounts for the influence of reinforcement. This study reveals the load bearing process of shield tunnel segments, first establishing a theoretical method for internal force analysis in the elastic range, which is then extended to the plastic range using numerical modeling. The analysis reveals that reinforcement strain provides broader applicability compared to concrete strain, which is only valid in the elastic phase but offers component installation advantages. Combined with the in-situ experiments of structural internal force monitoring in Liucun Tunnel, the error between the existing conventional method and the newly proposed method in this research is analyzed, and the practicality of the method was proved. According to the comparison results, it is found that the axial force is underestimated by about 9 % and the bending moment is underestimated by about 13.05 % in the calculation of the internal force of the tunnel without considering the reinforcement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"124 ","pages":"Pages 613-623"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and application of public space in commercial buildings based on user behaviour needs","authors":"Tingting Lei ,&nbsp;Haihui Hu ,&nbsp;Guanqing Feng ,&nbsp;Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Yiduo Chen ,&nbsp;Baoliang Chen ,&nbsp;Jingang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public spaces within commercial buildings play a crucial role as part of the urban image, while also providing spatial positioning for the layout of commercial buildings. Establishing design strategies, optimizing spatial forms, and enhancing user engagement within these spaces are key to fostering high-quality urban environments. This study takes two typical commercial buildings in Milan as a case study to explore the characteristics of user behaviour, which in turn inform strategies for interior design in public spaces. A combined approach of field surveys and data analysis was adopted. The usage status of public spaces was investigated through case studies, and the data was subjected to statistical analysis. A total of 200 participants were involved in the qualitative data collection. The findings reveal that the spatial layout, spatial recognition, and familiarity with the shopping center are the most important factors influencing users' choice of commercial buildings. Based on the results, interior design strategies were developed to optimize the public spaces in commercial buildings and enhance spatial appeal. Additionally, eye movement tracking experiments and simultaneous ergonomic equipment were applied to test visual hotspots and heart rate variability (HRV). Based on the ratio of high-frequency power to low-frequency power (LF/HF) and the eye movement tracking hotspot analysis, comparative analyses were performed on five spatial groups to identify visual focal points. The results suggest that a relatively simple radial spatial layout is more easily accepted, uniquely designed signage systems and innovative spatial interface materials enhance spatial recognition, and the location of commercial centers is a key determinant of user familiarity. Accordingly, design strategies were proposed in three aspects: spatial layout, spatial recognition, and spatial familiarity. The findings provide insights into user preferences regarding comfort in commercial spaces, clarifying the varying influences of different landscape elements on spatial comfort. This study offers both theoretical and practical implications for optimizing public spaces in commercial buildings and improving user comfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"125 ","pages":"Pages 29-41"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods and reliability study of moral education assessment in universities: A machine learning-based approach","authors":"Ting Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research aims to assess the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) techniques in evaluating moral education programs at university institutions. The objective is to employ data-driven methodologies to enhance ethical assessment frameworks through improved objectivity, scalability, and consistency. This analysis utilizes Principal Component Analysis (PCA) alongside the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) method, Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to study student performance indices, enabling the prediction of ethical reasoning capabilities for standardized evaluation. The study demonstrates how machine learning efficiently assesses student moral education performance by leveraging PCA to identify patterns and using ML models to make accurate predictions. Findings reveal a strong correlation between subject proficiency in mathematics, reading, and writing and moral reasoning abilities, highlighting the role of academic competencies in ethical decision-making. Additionally, gender-based analysis indicates that female students tend to achieve better results in moral skills assessments than their male counterparts. Among the models tested, SVR exhibits the highest predictive accuracy, whereas k-NN returns the widest prediction errors. The study recommends the deployment of AI-based moral assessment systems in universities to ensure consistent and objective evaluation processes for policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"125 ","pages":"Pages 20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractional Order Jellyfish Optimizer on PID cascade controller for new born incubator system","authors":"Mohamed Aymen Zermani ,&nbsp;Achraf Ben Miled ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ahmed Elhossiny ,&nbsp;Marwa Anwar Ibrahim Elghazawy ,&nbsp;Ashraf F.A. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Faroug A. Abdalla","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a cascade PID controller developed for the simultaneous regulation of skin and air temperatures in neonatal incubators, thereby ensuring a neutral thermal environment. A critical challenge in cascade control is the optimal tuning of the primary and secondary controllers. To address this, we introduce a Fractional Order Jellyfish Search Optimizer (FJSO) that leverages fractional calculus to overcome the convergence limitations inherent in the standard jellyfish optimizer. Experimental results indicate that FJSO achieves a 12% reduction in the mean solution value and a 15% improvement in the best-found solution relative to the next-best algorithm, as evidenced by the best, mean, and standard deviation metrics. Furthermore, simulation studies using a Simulink model of neonatal thermal balance demonstrate that the cascade PID controller tuned with FJSO outperforms a single PID controller, particularly in transient and steady-state responses. Performance assessments based on standard control indices, such as the Integral of Absolute Error (IAE) and disturbance rejection, reveal improvements of approximately 17.62% and 79.87%, respectively, over classical control approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"125 ","pages":"Pages 1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Lump soliton, and overtaking collision between lump and single as well as double solitons in an unmagnetized collisionless relativistic plasma” [Alex. Eng. J. 122 (2025) 520–532]","authors":"Salena Akther ,&nbsp;M.G. Hafez","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"124 ","pages":"Page 494"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel reconstruction-based video anomaly detection with idempotent generative network","authors":"Wenmin Dong,&nbsp;Lifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjuan Shi,&nbsp;Xiangwei Zheng,&nbsp;Yuang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Video anomaly detection (VAD) is vital in intelligent security for public safety. Reconstruction-based VAD has received increasing research attention, but faces challenges such as missing anomalies for the reconstruction error as a criterion, and information loss when suppressing anomalous data, existing methods also struggle to detect unseen anomalies. We propose a novel reconstruction-based video anomaly detection with idempotent generative network (RVADIGN), which is composed of the novel reconstruction module namely PSVAE and an idempotent loss term (IGN). Specifically, video frames are reconstructed within PSVAE. During this process, skip connections are established between the encoder and decoder to enhance contextual understanding. Finite Scalar Quantization (FSQ) layer is designed to discretize the encoder’s output, preserving key discriminative features. Meanwhile, the Pyramid Deformation Module (PDM), as an integral part of PSVAE, computes offset maps of original video frames for anomaly detection supplementation. Alongside PSVAE, idempotence is introduced as a regularity term, which projects the anomaly information back to the estimated manifolds of the target distribution, improves the adaptability and stability of the reconstruction method in different videos. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art VAD methods, achieving 99.03%, 92.40%, and 77.20% AUC on UCSD Ped2, CUHK Avenue, and ShanghaiTech, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"124 ","pages":"Pages 513-525"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on active heating method of seepage micro-velocity monitoring","authors":"Ruiyang Liu ,&nbsp;Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Shufa Yan ,&nbsp;Fengzhe Tian ,&nbsp;Hanxuan Luo ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seepage is an important issue of engineering safety, and its monitoring methods are diverse, among which temperature tracing methods are widely applied. In this study, a temperature rise–seepage velocity formula which takes account into natural convection with heat source is obtained. The temperature and the corresponding seepage velocity of calm water and 10 ⁻⁶ cm·s ^− 1 to 10 ⁻³ cm·s ^− 1 are obtained by experiments. Results reveal: 1. After heating for approximately 100 s, the temperature becomes relatively stable, and using this stable temperature for monitoring yields better results. 2. As the temperature difference between the initial water temperature and the room temperature (Td) increases, the temperature rise (Tr) increases, and the relationship is obtained. 3. The device's bias towards the downstream boundary leads to an abnormal temperature rise pattern. Thus the device is placed in the central part, and the water is heated 180 s. The temperature rises are processed, and a temperature rise-flow velocity formula for seepage monitoring by boreholes with active heating is derived. This formula considers the natural convection and extends the seepage velocity range to the micro-seepage velocity range. It holds significant importance for seepage monitoring using the temperature tracing method with active heating, especially for the monitoring of micro velocity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"124 ","pages":"Pages 565-572"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}