alexandria engineering journal最新文献

{"title":"Simulation modeling of student enrolment to solve operations problems: A case of the Saad Al- Abdullah Academy in Kuwait","authors":"Rashed M.F. Al-Therwah,&nbsp;Mahmoud Heshmat,&nbsp;Mahmoud El-Sharief,&nbsp;Ibrahim Mohamed Hassab -Allah","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Educational institutions strive to achieve their goals efficiently and effectively by enhancing and continually developing their performance. This paper serves as a valuable resource for the management of academic institutions, highlighting key contemporary approaches in their management. It focuses on a case study of the new student registration procedure at Kuwait's Saad Al-Abdullah Academy for Security Sciences. The paper represents and replicates each stage of the student enrollment procedure. Data was gathered from 2024 applicants and reviewed by health personnel. The simulation results were examined to help enhance the system. Alternative models were created to address concerns highlighted in the original model. The first alternative model proposes executing the registration procedure digitally rather than manually. The second alternative model recommends increasing the workforce for each process. The study concluded that using ARENA software would significantly enhance the efficiency of the Academy's real enrollment system. The first alternative model increases the number of candidates who can complete their medical test in a day by 37 % compared to the initial model. The second alternative model improves system efficiency by 48 % with an increased workforce.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 413-424"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143285630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved TDM-based controller for a multilevel three-phase active frontend with variable DC ratios: The extended Negev rectifier","authors":"Eli Barbie,&nbsp;Dmitry Baimel","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an improved Time-Division-Multiplexing (TDM) based controller for a recently introduced multilevel three-phase (3ɸ) active frontend called the Negev rectifier. The new controller expands the Negev rectifier to attain a DC-link supply of either Equal DC Sources (EDCS) or Unequal DC Sources (UDCS) with variable DC ratios up to 1:5 while preserving the power factor correction functionality of the original Negev rectifier and reducing its switching frequency by more than 50 %. When validated as a frontend solution for UDCS-based MultiPoint Clamped (MPC) 3ɸ Multilevel Inverters (MLI), both staircase modulation and pulse-width modulation schemes are supported, achieving 16.3 % reduction in Line-voltage THD (LTHD) compared to conventional approaches. This allows UDCS-based voltage and current THD minimization, traditionally limited to cascaded H-bridge MLIs, to be adapted into AC-source-fed MLIs of the MPC topologies, better suited for 3ɸ applications. The Extended Negev Multilevel Rectifier (MLR) supports 3–8 output voltage levels (<em>N</em>). It eliminates MLI-side voltage balancing, making it suitable for various applications from low-voltage (400 V) aircraft systems to medium-voltage marine electrical distribution or any grid-fed MLR-MLI back-to-back power conversion system demanding high power quality. The controller was verified through comprehensive testing, including digital simulations, Processor-In-Loop (PIL) emulation, and Controller-Hardware-In-Loop (C-HIL) experiments across 4-, 5-, and 7-level configurations. Experimental results have revealed a current THD as low as 2.36 % with a voltage ripple of 1.2 % in a 4-level UDCS MLR configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 359-378"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143285626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the solutions of tempered (κ,ϖ)-Hilfer hybrid implicit boundary value problem","authors":"Abdelkrim Salim ,&nbsp;Sabri T.M. Thabet ,&nbsp;Ava Sh. Rafeeq ,&nbsp;Mohammad Esmael Samei ,&nbsp;Imed Kedim ,&nbsp;Miguel Vivas-Cortez","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this manuscript, we provide an in-depth analysis of existence and uniqueness results, along with stability assessments associated with the <span><math><mi>κ</mi></math></span>-Mittag-Leffler-Ulam-Hyers type, specifically focusing on a newly formulated category of hybrid boundary value problems (BVPs) that incorporate fractional derivatives. Our study leverages the properties of tempered (<span><math><mrow><mi>κ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>ϖ</mi></mrow></math></span>)-Hilfer fractional operators to explore the mathematical underpinnings of the problem, which is characterized by implicit nonlinear fractional differential equations. To derive the results, we employ Banach’s fixed point theorem, which facilitates the demonstration of the existence of solutions under certain contractive conditions. We also utilize a generalized Gronwall inequality to establish bounds and stability criteria for the solutions, thereby ensuring their robustness under perturbations. Moreover, we underscore the practical applicability of our theoretical findings by presenting several illustrative examples. These examples not only help demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach but also highlight the relevance of the results in addressing real-world scenarios where fractional dynamics are pertinent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 138-148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143285619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic field influence on heat transfer of NEPCM in a porous triangular cavity with a cold fin and partial heat sources: AI analysis combined with ISPH method","authors":"Munirah Aali Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Weaam Alhejaili ,&nbsp;Abdelraheem M. Aly ,&nbsp;Samiyah Almalki","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.080","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study employs the Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) method and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to examine the thermal and fluid dynamics behavior of nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM) within a triangular cavity containing a fin. The research investigates how varying physical parameters optimize heat transfer efficiency. The analysis spans partial heat source length &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;:&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; to &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, Darcy number &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Da&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;:&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; to &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, Hartmann number &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ha&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;:&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; to &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;50&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, Cattaneo-Christov heat fluxes &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ht&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;:&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; to &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, fusion temperature &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;:&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.25&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; to &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.95&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and nanoparticle concentration &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ϕ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;:&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt; to &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.06&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Key findings demonstrate that increasing &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; by 350 % enhances temperature distribution and nanofluid velocities, reducing the heat capacity ratio &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Cr&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; by approximately 20 %. The addition of cooling fins decreases peak temperatures by around 15 %. Higher Darcy numbers improve circulation and convection by up to 30 %, creating more uniform thermal distributions, whereas lower &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Da&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; values restrict fluid motion, intensifying temperature gradients. Increasing the Hartmann number reduces flow and heat transfer efficiency by 40 %, causing sharper temperature gradients, while lower &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ha&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; values promote natural convection and more uniform temperature distributions. The fusion temperature &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; stabilizes thermal profiles through latent heat absorption, adjusting &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Cr&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; by 25 %. A higher nanoparticle concentration boosts the average Nusselt number &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Nu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;̅&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; by 10 %, improving overall heat transfe","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 345-358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143285627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An alternative statistical model for modeling the bimodal asymmetric data with properties, copulas, assessment and applications","authors":"Mustafa Kamal ,&nbsp;Hebatallah H. Mohammad ,&nbsp;Sabir Ali Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Maryam Ibrahim Habadi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abiad ,&nbsp;Badr Aloraini ,&nbsp;Atif Ali Yassin Ali ,&nbsp;Sara Mohamed Ahmed Alsheikh","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study derives and investigates an extension of the Chen distribution that extends it in a new and flexible way. The well-known Chen distribution, which is renowned for its high level of adaptability and a wide variety of potential applications, was utilized as the foundation for creating the new model. The newly derived hazard rate can be defined as “monotonically increasing”, “bathtub”, “upside-down”, “upside-down-constant-increasing”, “J hazard rate”, or “bathtub”. Other possible descriptions include “monotonically decreasing”, “bathtub”, “upside-down”, “upside down-constant-increasing”, and “upside down”. Other terms that could describe it are “monotonically decreasing” and “bathtub”. It is possible to determine the pertinent statistical features, such as the mean of the remaining life, the mean of the past lifespan, raw and central moments, conditional moments, and the mean. Some examples of the bivariate extensions that we developed are presented. Finally, we studied and analyzed two data sets to demonstrate the new model’s relevance, flexibility, and applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 400-412"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143284770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-off relations between two-qubit coherence and intrinsic concurrence for Heisenberg XYZ states induced by intrinsic decoherence model","authors":"Fahad Aljuaydi","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the trade-off relations between intrinsic concurrence, concurrence, first-order coherence, and total purity for generated two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ states due to spin–spin interactions supported by spin–orbit interactions in the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>y</mi></math></span> directions with an external inhomogeneous magnetic field in the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span> direction by using the Milburn model of intrinsic decoherence. We apply the complementary trade-off relations between quantum resource quantifiers when the two-spin Heisenberg XYZ interactions start with a maximally pure state <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub><mo>〉</mo></mrow><mo>⊗</mo><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>〉</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and a maximally entangled state <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><msqrt><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msqrt></mrow></mfrac><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub><mo>〉</mo></mrow><mo>⊗</mo><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>〉</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub><mo>〉</mo></mrow><mo>⊗</mo><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>〉</mo></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. The results of the trade-off relations provide a reliable theoretical basis for the mutual transformation between quantum resource quantifiers. It is shown that the spin–spin-Heisenberg XYZ and <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mi>y</mi></math></span>-spin–orbit interactions have a high capability to generate entanglement and degrade coherence with oscillatory evolutions. The amplitudes and frequencies of the oscillations of the information resources depend on the increase of the applied external inhomogeneous magnetic field, the spin–orbit interactions, and the intrinsic two-spin decoherence. It is found that the stationary quantum information resources generated by intrinsic decoherence depend on the spin–spin, spin–orbit interactions as well as on the applied external inhomogeneous magnetic field in the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span>-direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 391-399"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143285635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightweight marine biodetection model based on improved YOLOv10","authors":"Wei Pan,&nbsp;Jiabao Chen,&nbsp;Bangjun Lv,&nbsp;Likun Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In IoT-enabled marine biology, real-time monitoring of marine organisms faces challenges due to blurred images and complex underwater backgrounds, which hinder feature extraction and lead to missed detections. Addressing these issues, the lightweight YOLOv10-AD model introduces AKVanillaNet, a novel backbone optimized for the distinct shapes of marine organisms, improving detection accuracy while minimizing parameters and computational cost. Additionally, the model incorporates the DysnakeConv module within the C2f structure to enhance feature extraction, along with the Powerful-IOU (PIOU) loss function for better data fitting. Testing on URPC dataset shows that YOLOv10-AD achieves an mAP of 85.7%, with a parameter count of 2.45 M, 6.2 GFLOPs, a model size of 5.0 M, and a frame rate of 156 FPS. Compared to the baseline, YOLOv10-AD improves mAP by 5.7% and FPS by 25.8%, while reducing parameters, computational load, and model size by 9.3%, 24.4%, and 9.1%, respectively. This IoT-compatible model enables precise, real-time classification of marine organisms across various lighting conditions, making it a valuable framework for intelligent grading applications in marine biology and advancing IoT-based environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 379-390"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143285629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YOLO-TumorNet: An innovative model for enhancing brain tumor detection performance","authors":"Jian Huang ,&nbsp;Wen Ding ,&nbsp;Tiancheng Zhong ,&nbsp;Gang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brain tumors are high-risk conditions where early detection and precise localization are crucial for improving patient prognosis. However, existing automated detection methods still exhibit limitations in robustness within complex backgrounds, boundary recognition, and the detection of small tumors, making it challenging to meet the high precision requirements of clinical applications. To address these issues, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv10-based model, YOLO-TumorNet. Specifically, YOLO-TumorNet integrates the InceptionNeXt architecture, Multi-Scale Spatial Pyramid Attention (MSPA), and Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) modules to enhance multi-scale feature extraction and channel attention mechanisms, thereby improving the model’s accuracy and robustness in brain tumor detection. Additionally, extensive experiments conducted on the Br35H and Roboflow datasets demonstrate the superior performance of YOLO-TumorNet in terms of boundary clarity, detail capture, and small tumor detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 211-221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A blockchain model connecting electricity market and carbon trading market","authors":"Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Feng ,&nbsp;Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Weiqiu Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many countries adopt carbon trading mechanism as the main policy tool to control carbon emissions. Although carbon trading systems have been established, there are still some ongoing problems such as inconsistent carbon accounting standards, data distortion and inefficient overall process within these systems. We propose an innovative blockchain model that integrates the carbon trading system, initial carbon allowance allocation by regulatory authorities, electricity consumers, and power generation firms into a unified framework. By connecting these components, the model facilitates government regulation, emission reduction by electricity companies, electricity purchasing by consumers, and trading of surplus carbon allowances in the carbon market. The key innovations of our model include the establishment of a standardized carbon accounting system, enhanced data transparency to reduce the risk of data falsification, and a two-stage differential game framework that optimizes social welfare through effective control of total carbon emissions. Our simulations demonstrate that this blockchain system can effectively stabilize carbon emissions at a desirable level, thereby contributing to more efficient pollution control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 232-245"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4-Thiobenzoic acid-functionalized nanocomposite probes for surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy-based detection of CA19-9 in colorectal adenocarcinoma","authors":"Yinan Hu,&nbsp;Tao Liu,&nbsp;Bo Guo,&nbsp;Miao Ni,&nbsp;Yanrong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for detecting CA19–9 in colorectal adenocarcinoma using 4-thiobenzoic acid (4-TBA) functionalized gold nanoparticles (nanospheres). The optimized SERS probes exhibited a maximum enhancement at pH 7 and 50 μM 4-TBA concentration, with stable signal achieved after 2 hours of incubation. The assay demonstrated a wide dynamic range of 1–100 U/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 1.0 U/mL. Excellent selectivity was observed against common serum interferents, with normalized SERS intensities within 10 % of CA19–9 alone. Recovery studies in spiked serum samples yielded results ranging from 94.5 % to 105.2 %, indicating minimal matrix effects. Clinical validation using 70 serum samples (50 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients, 20 healthy volunteers) showed strong agreement with a commercial ELISA kit (Pearson's r = 0.987, p &lt; 0.0001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean bias of −0.37 U/mL between SERS and ELISA methods. The SERS-based approach offers advantages including rapid analysis (&lt;1 hour), small sample volume requirements (5–10 μL), and potential for multiplexing. This method shows promise for early detection, disease monitoring, and treatment response evaluation in colorectal adenocarcinoma, with potential applications in both clinical and research settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"119 ","pages":"Pages 259-266"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}