alexandria engineering journal最新文献

{"title":"A disambiguation method for potential ambiguities in Chinese based on knowledge graphs and large language model","authors":"Dan Zhang ,&nbsp;Delong Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional disambiguation methods struggle to effectively balance and integrate a wide range of contextual information and world knowledge when dealing with potential ambiguities in Chinese. To address this issue, this paper proposes a disambiguation model that integrates knowledge graphs and large language models (LLMs) to tackle lexical ambiguity in Chinese texts. This article uses an attention based disambiguation model, which is fine-tuned using multiple hyperparameter configurations. It optimizes network layers and knowledge graph embedding dimensions to enhance performance. Visualization of the attention mechanism reveals the model's focus on target words, context, and knowledge graph entities. Experiments conducted on a dataset comprising 200,000 sentences demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy and F1 scores, reaching 92.4 % and 91.9 %, respectively, compared to traditional statistical and deep learning models. Visualization of the attention mechanism reveals the model's focus on target words, context, and knowledge graph entities. The findings suggest that integrating knowledge graphs with LLMs offers an innovative approach to complex language tasks. In practical applications such as machine translation and chatbots, this model is expected to enhance both performance and interpretability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"126 ","pages":"Pages 293-302"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure, mechanical and physical characteristics analysis of ADC14 hypereutectic AlSi composite reinforced with Al2O3","authors":"Aqeel Ahmed Bhutto ,&nbsp;Saidin Bin Wahab ,&nbsp;Faheem Ahmed Solangi ,&nbsp;Fayaz Hussain ,&nbsp;Ding Zhou ,&nbsp;T.M. Yunus Khan ,&nbsp;Abdul Saddique Shaik","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The instigation of primary and eutectic Si has been observed due to the higher content of Si during melting and caused to reduction in the mechanical strength of hypereutectic AlSi alloy. The appropriate mechanism of microstructure and inclusion of strengthening materials can overcome this problem. Thus, in this research work, 5, 10 and 15 wt% of alumina were added in ADC14 hypereutectic AlSi alloy for composite fabrication through stir casting. The microstructure, mechanical and physical characteristics of the AC14 composite were investigated, and the surface response and ANOVA approaches were used to investigate the interaction between variables and responses, and significance of contribution through statistical analysis. The addition of alumina provided better microstructure, and due to it mechanical strengths were improved. The highest value of tensile strength and hardness 85 MPa and 44 VHN respectively were obtained for 15 wt% of alumina. Whereas, the calculated porosity has inverse proportion with the content of alumina. The surface response analysis and ANOVA results showed good interaction between variables and responses, and the contributions were significant. Based on the obtained experimental and statistical results, the addition of alumina provided better mechanical properties and microstructure of the ADC14 composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"126 ","pages":"Pages 303-319"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decentralized and privacy-preserving framework for electronic health records using blockchain","authors":"Saad Alahmari ,&nbsp;Amal Alshardan ,&nbsp;Fahd N. Al-Wesabi ,&nbsp;Shaymaa Sorour ,&nbsp;Omar Alghushairy ,&nbsp;Raed Alsini ,&nbsp;Alaa O. Khadidos ,&nbsp;Mesfer Al Duhayyim","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As healthcare services have become increasingly digitized, Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have become widely adopted, providing seamless data exchange among providers. Conventional EHRs, however, are extremely vulnerable to cyber threats because patients' sensitive data is centralized and transmitted electronically. The paper proposes a decentralized, privacy-preserving framework for managing EHRs on blockchains in order to address these security and privacy concerns. Using cryptographic techniques, such as homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proofs, the proposed system enhances security and ensures data integrity. Additionally, the model facilitates scalable, efficient, and secure access to patient records through the integration of cloud-based storage and blockchain. Using smart contracts, we also ensure compliance with healthcare regulations by regulating access control and authentication. As a result of performance evaluations, the proposed approach is demonstrated to be feasible, and the advantages it offers in terms of security, privacy, and efficiency are highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"126 ","pages":"Pages 196-203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NIR-responsive engineered colloidal polyaniline/ZnO/UiO-66-NH₂ nanoplatform: A multifunctional photothermal agent for precision therapy in breast cancer","authors":"Shefa Mirani Nezhad ,&nbsp;Aboutaleb Kousha ,&nbsp;Yasser Rajabi ,&nbsp;Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare ,&nbsp;Saeed Rahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A colloidal polyaniline/ZnO/UiO-66-NH₂ (PANI/ZnO/UiO-66-NH₂) nano-platform was constructed in two steps. The nano-platform exhibited strong optical absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region, enabling efficient conversion of optical energy into thermal energy under 808-nm laser irradiation, thereby facilitating tumor cell ablation. Characterization was performed using FT-IR, EDX, XRD, FESEM, UV-Vis, and TG. Biological activities, including antioxidant and antibacterial properties, as well as cytotoxicity, were evaluated. The nanocomposite exhibited high photothermal efficiency, reaching 60 °C in 10 min under an 808 nm NIR laser (0.6 W/cm², 1.5 mg/mL), confirming its potential for hyperthermia-based cancer therapy. At 0.15 mg/mL, the temperature rose to 49 °C, demonstrating its concentration and laser power dependence for effective photothermal therapy (PTT). In vitro cytotoxicity analysis on MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed a significant reduction in cell viability under NIR laser irradiation. The MTT assay confirmed that combining the nanocomposite with laser treatment led to a substantial decrease in cancer cell survival, highlighting its potential as a photothermal agent. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the colloidal PANI/ZnO/UiO-66-NH₂ nanocomposite was found to be 90.64 %, comparable to the highest observed efficiency of UiO-66-NH₂ (94.20 %), and potent antibacterial effects against <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)</em>, <em>Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis)</em>, and <em>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</em>. Inhibition zone diameters for <em>S. enteritidis</em> and <em>E. coli</em> were 15 ± 0.3 mm and 13 ± 0.1 mm, respectively, underscoring dual applicability in PTT and antibacterial therapy. The MTT assay revealed that colloidal PANI/ZnO/UiO-66-NH₂ reduced the viability of MCF-7 cells to 40 % after 48 h of exposure. The IC₅₀ value of the colloidal PANI/ZnO/UiO-66-NH₂ for inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 cells increased from 17.13 µg/mL after 24 h to 32.3 µg/mL after 48 h. Additionally, hemolysis testing demonstrated that the nano-platform exhibited a hemolysis rate of 5 % at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. These results highlight the nanocomposite’s broad biomedical potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"126 ","pages":"Pages 204-219"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural study of Dalan and Kangan reservoir: Focused ion beam-scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy characterizations","authors":"Zhenlin Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Jin ,&nbsp;Abbas Sabahi Namini ,&nbsp;Sunghoon Jung ,&nbsp;Rajender S. Varma ,&nbsp;Ho Won Jang ,&nbsp;Dokyoon Kim ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reservoirs of Dalan and Kangan have recently attracted considerable interest due to their enormous energy extraction potential. However, key technical information such as composition and pore characteristics have been unavailable. This investigation conducts a comprehensive analysis of the Dalan and Kangan shale reservoirs' properties. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of calcite, lime, quartz, kaolinite, hematite, titania, and alumina compounds in the specimens. Electron spin resonance analysis confirmed that the reservoirs possessed paramagnetic substances. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the presence of organic matter and other carbonite compounds in the reservoirs. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that approximately 44 % of the reservoir sample consists of carbonate species, encompassing organic materials and other chemicals. The microstructure of Dalan and Kangan reservoir was also studied using a field emission scanning electron microscope and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope, demonstrating a network of microfractures, macropores, mesopores, and micropores interconnected within the clay matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"126 ","pages":"Pages 285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lump and new interaction solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized Shallow Water-like equation along with chaotic analysis","authors":"Yongyi Gu ,&nbsp;Xiaoting Zhang ,&nbsp;Liudi Peng ,&nbsp;Zhishang Huang ,&nbsp;Yongkang Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, interest in nonlinear evolution equations has surged, underscoring their critical role in understanding complex dynamic systems. This work focuses on the (3+1)-dimensional generalized shallow water-like equation, especially for its relevance to nonlinear wave phenomena. Using Hirota bilinear method, we derive lump solutions for this equation and innovatively explore the interaction dynamics between these lumps and the Weierstrass elliptic function. Additionally, we analyze chaotic solutions for lumps derived from the Duffing chaotic system, examining their chaotic structures in detail. The physical characteristics of these solutions are illustrated via three-dimensional profiles and their corresponding two-dimensional plots. Our findings reveal that the methods employed are both efficient and effective, providing valuable insights into the dynamics of mathematical physics equations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"126 ","pages":"Pages 160-169"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BERT-SVM: A hybrid BERT and SVM method for semantic similarity matching evaluation of paired short texts in English teaching","authors":"Zunlan Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Ning ,&nbsp;Mary Josephine M. Duritan","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today's digital era, English teaching assessment is gradually transforming to intelligence, but there are many shortcomings in the existing assessment methods. Traditional assessment methods are not only time-consuming and laborious, but also have obvious limitations in the depth and precision of semantic understanding, making it difficult to accurately capture the semantic nuances in students' short-text responses. To address these issues, we propose an innovative hybrid model, BERT-SVM, which combines the deep semantic understanding of BERT and the efficient classification ability of SVM. At the same time, a multi-layer attention mechanism is introduced to enhance the understanding of complex relationships in text. Through the multi-layer attention mechanism at the word, phrase and sentence levels, the model is able to capture the semantic features of the text more accurately, thus realizing the efficient evaluation of the semantic similarity of short texts. The experimental results show that the BERT-SVM model achieves 90 % accuracy in the classification task, which is significantly better than the traditional methods, proving its effectiveness and reliability in the assessment of English teaching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"126 ","pages":"Pages 231-246"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of implanting prestressed threaded rods to strengthen shear-damaged full-scale prestressed hollow-core slabs","authors":"Jinwei Lu ,&nbsp;Yang Wei ,&nbsp;Kang Zhao ,&nbsp;Mingmin Ding ,&nbsp;Kaiqi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the structural configuration of prestressed hollow-core slabs (PHCS), which are horizontally connected in sequence, there is no accessible working space for shear strengthening once shear cracks develop in the middle slabs. To address this limitation, a novel retrofitting method was developed by drilling vertical holes and implanting prestressed threaded rods across the shear cracks in the web. A series of shear tests were initially conducted on four full-scale PHCSs with 16-meter spans under monotonic and cyclic loading, followed by shear strengthening on the slabs subjected to cyclic loading to verify the effectiveness of this method. Results showed little changes in bearing capacity and failure modes between cyclic and monotonic loading. A significant negative correlation was found between stiffness and both residual deflection and crack width, and simple models were developed to predict stiffness degradation. Strengthening with prestressed threaded rods allowed shear-damaged PHCSs to recover and enhance certain initial stiffness and shear capacity, preventing brittle damage under sudden heavy loads. Strain at the top of the slabs decreased by 8–25 % during initial loading and up to 32 % in later stages. At the ultimate state, the width of principal shear cracks was reduced by 10–35 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"126 ","pages":"Pages 247-261"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new trigonometric-based statistical model: Its empirical implementations in music education and reliability engineering","authors":"Linlin Wang ,&nbsp;Haiying Zhang ,&nbsp;Tmader Alballa ,&nbsp;Alhanouf Alburaikan ,&nbsp;Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa ,&nbsp;Moodi Abdulrahman Abdullah Al-Rajeh","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.03.123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of statistical distributions in effectively representing practical scenarios and supporting informed decision-making is well acknowledged across various fields. However, it is crucial to recognize that the limitations of these distributions can occasionally impede optimal fitting in certain situations. This awareness has prompted researchers to investigate improved and more efficient probability distributions. Based on empirical evidence, this paper introduces a novel probability distribution called the arcsine-tangent generalized inverse Weibull (ASTGI-Weibull) distribution. The new model is derived from the combination of the generalized inverse Weibull distribution and a probabilistic approach inspired by the arcsine-tangent concept. Specific statistical properties, particularly those associated with quantiles, have been derived for the ASTGI-Weibull distribution. An established method of estimation is used to calculate the point estimators for this distribution, followed by the conduction of a simulation study. This study also investigates two data sets, one related to music education and the other to reliability engineering, to showcase the practical benefits of the ASTGI-Weibull distribution. The empirical fitting of the ASTGI-Weibull distribution is compared with several other distributions, employing the given data sets for comparative analysis. The findings demonstrate that the ASTGI-Weibull distribution is the most effective among the various distributions considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"126 ","pages":"Pages 170-180"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing aviation safety: Machine learning for real-time ADS-B injection detection through advanced data analysis","authors":"Md. Atiqur Rahman ,&nbsp;Touhid Bhuiyan ,&nbsp;M. Ameer Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aej.2025.04.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airplanes play a critical role in global transportation, ensuring the efficient movement of people and goods. Although generally safe, aviation systems occasionally encounter incidents and accidents that underscore the need for proactive risk management. This study employs machine learning to detect abnormalities in commercial aircraft operations using Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) data. Given the growing reliance on ADS-B technology, concerns regarding its susceptibility to security breaches, such as injection attacks, have intensified. To address these vulnerabilities, we propose a robust ADS-B injection detection system. Employing GridSearchCV for model optimization, it effectively identifies and categorizes injection risks. The system’s performance, evaluated using the ADS-B Message Injection Attacks Dataset, achieves outstanding results, including a value of 0.9970 for the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The proposed classifier also demonstrates a higher area under the curve (0.9999), specificity (0.9956), and Cohen’s kappa (0.9954) than existing approaches, while achieving a lower log loss (0.0107). This research significantly enhances aviation security by introducing a highly accurate, computationally efficient, and reliable real-time detection model for ADS-B injection attacks, ensuring the integrity and resilience of modern flight control systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7484,"journal":{"name":"alexandria engineering journal","volume":"126 ","pages":"Pages 262-276"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}